高考英语虚拟语气讲解及习题.docx

1、高考英语虚拟语气讲解及习题虚拟语气虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如：Long live the Peoples Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！May you be happy! May you have a good time!二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：1 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法1） 表示与现在事实相反条件从句主句一般过去时（be多用于were）would/should/could/might动词原形例如：If I were yo

2、u,I should accept the invitation. 如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。 If I had time,I would go there. 如果我有空，我就去那儿。2） 与过去事实相反条件从句主句过去完成时would/should/could/mighthave done 例如：If you had come earlier,you couldnt/wouldnt have missed the bus. 如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。 If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.

3、 如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。3） 与将来事实可能相反条件从句主句一般过去时（be多用were）should do,were to dowould/should/could/might动词原形例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。） If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break. 万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。4） if的省

4、略如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.5)条件句或主句的省略当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。例如：Why didnt you attend the par

5、ty yesterday? I would/should have,but I was too busy then.I was surprised that you didnt like this job.You could have done it better.（后面省略了if you had liked it.）6)混合时间条件句与主句条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。例如：If the teacher hadnt been ill yesterday,who could give us a lecture now?/If you had re

6、viewed the lesson,you would answer the question now.7)含蓄条件句与主句即用without(but for),or(else)代替if从句。例如：Without/But for his help,we wouldnt have made such great progress.Ifwe hadnt gothis help,we wouldnt have made such great progress.2.在as if/as though引导的状语从句中用法：在as if/as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来

7、表达虚拟语气。例如：The man speaks as if he were a foreigner.The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times.They talked as if they had been good friends for years.注：as if/as though从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大，就要用正常时态来描绘。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来象要下雨。（下雨的可能性

8、很大。）3在宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句中的用法：1）在wish后的宾语从句中的用法：A与过去事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“had done”形式。例如：I wish I had passed yesterdays exam.要是我昨天的考试及格了该多好。B与现在事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“did”形式。例如：He wishes he was as clever as you./I wish I had a large room to live in.C表示将来愿望：宾从谓语用“would/could do”形式。例如：How I wish I would go abroad next year

9、!2)在suggest,propose,demand,request,require,order,insist等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语为“ (should) do”形式。例如：I suggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/insist that he(should) be sent to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.3)在“It is (about/high) timethat从句”结构中，that从句的谓语用一般过去时或“should do”形式。例如：It is high time he

10、started=It is high time he should start4)在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：在suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语用“(should) do”形式。例如：My suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups./He gave an order that the work be done at once.虚拟语气考点分析1Alice,why didnt you c

11、ome yesterday? I _,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET) A.had B.would C.was going to D.did 析:此题A、D明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B选项若为would have则成立，可以理解为I would have come if I hadnt had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有was going to可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。2If there were no subjunctive,English _

12、much easier. (NMET) A.will be B.would have been C.could have been D.would be 析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。3The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules. (NMET) A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey 析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。4I wish I _ you yesterday. A.seen B.d

13、id see C.had seen D.were to see 析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。5 If he _ ,he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (NMET) A.was warned;would not take B.had been warned;would not have taken C.wuld be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken 析：从对话看，是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案

14、为B。6.Without electricity human life _ quite different today. (NMET) A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be 析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。7When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _. (NMET) A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken 析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实

15、际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时as if从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为C。8You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired. (NMET) A.drove;didnt get B.drove;wouldnt get C.were driving;wouldnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have got 析：观察题干，可知if从句表述与过去事实相反的假设，因此答案只能是D。9I didnt see your uncle at the party.If he _ ,he would have sai

16、d hello to me. A.would come B.had come C.came D.did come 析：观察题目上下文，特别是第二句的主句谓语为 would have said，可知if从句表述的是与过去事实相反的愿望，因此答案为B。10_ it _ for your help,I couldnt have made any progress. A.Had;not been B.Should;not be C.Did;not be D.Not;be 析：根据主句谓语形式，可知从句要用had done形式，故应选A，Had it not been for your helpIf i

17、t had not been for your help.（要不是你帮忙的话）11Mr Smith was badly ill,or he _ our dinner party. A.should come to B.would have attended C.would come to D.should have attended 析：or可引导含蓄条件句，表达虚拟语气。根据此题内容，可知是与过去事实相反的假设，故答案为B。1） 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。2） 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实

18、条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。1.真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。时态关系句型：条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形If he comes, he will bring his violin.典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：1） 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表

19、示将来，该用shall, will.(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。2.非真实条件句1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a. 同现在事实相反的假设。句型 ： 条件从句主句 一般过去时should( would) +动词原形If they were here, they would help y

20、ou.b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型： 条件从句主句过去完成时should(would) have+ 过去分词If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. If he had come yesterday, I should / would ha

21、ve told him about it.含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.c. 表示对将来的假想句型： 条件从句主句一般过去时should+ 动词原形were+ 不定式would + 动词原

22、形should+ 动词原形If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.3.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反

23、，主句与现在事实相反。）If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).4.虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had

24、 come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题_

25、to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were IB. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Werent I to do.5.特殊的虚拟语气词：should1） It is demanded / necessary / a

26、pity + that结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。句型：(1)suggestedIt is (2)importantthat+ (should) do(3) a pity(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do (2)important, necessary, natural, strangea pity, a shame, no wonder(3)It is suggested that we (should

27、) hold a meeting next week. It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be s

28、ent there.注意： 如suggest, insist不表示建议 或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判断改错:（错）You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. (对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill. (错) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. (对) I insisted tha

29、t you were wrong.3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.6.wish的用法1）用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：真实状况wish后从句动作先于主句动词动作现在时过去时（be的过去式为 were）从句动作与主句动作同时发生过去时过去完成时（had + 过去分词）