高考英语军作文模板完形阅读技巧.docx

1、高考英语军作文模板完形阅读技巧高考英语7选5破题技巧一文章首段首句定位法选项中具有指代的代词,一般不放在首段句首,复数名词（表示总体概念、类概念，一般放在句首）,首段句首不能用连接词,祈使句或绝对化的句子.可以用前后矛盾的句子,即否定句加副词或介词词组结构,或双重否定的句子;也可以用含有可能,不肯定副词的句子,如sometimes,Maybe等.I,my,me,we,our,us,he,his,him,she,her,you,your,it,its,they,their,them,this,that,these,those,other,another等,但everyone,someone,ot

2、hers等可单独用的不在其列._71_ One of the best things you can possibly do is to start you own club. Its great fun especially if you are the sort of person who feels theres never anything to do during the school holidays.The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club. _72_ Pets, clothes, pop

3、music or dancing groups, sports, making things? The list is endless.Next you need some friends to be in your club with you. _73_ All you need is three or four other people who are interested in the same thing as you._74You should all sit down somewhere together with lots of pieces of paper and write

4、 down every name you can think up. Thatll keep you busy for ages.At your first meeting you should make up a rule book. And the first rule should be no grown-ups or little/big brothers or sisters! The best clubs are always secret!(不能用代词)A.Thats easy.B.Enjoyyourown club!C.Invite a designer to joinyou.

5、D.What areyouinterested in?E.Some vacation is just around the corner.F.Thenyouneed to pick a name for your club.G.Use a bright thick pento make a special design.(不能用祈使句)高考英语阅读理解教案一擒贼先擒王 先抓文章的中心思想 主旨题解题思路与技巧方法一：找中心句全文首句第一段末句(一段末出现转折)二段一句、二句(二段对一段进行总结或否定)中心句特征词：表转折和因果处:but, yet,however,today,this day,

6、 so,therefore;情态动词must, should, ought to,连词although, though;I, We, My, our;There is/there was后接抽象名词;Itshows/suggests/turnsout/proves等表示结论意思的动词,在如:find out,research was proved that, his study is told that;转折处有状从或不定式短语做状语的句子不是主旨.中心句中的名词/动词等与选项中的名词/动词能复现的即为答案!It is true that good writers rewrite and re

7、write and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage.Iam surprisedat the number of famous writers I know who say that they sodislikereading their own writing later that they evenhateto look over the publis

8、hers opinions.One reason we may dislike reading our own work is that were often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down .Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work .Different from popular belief, w

9、e do not usually think in the words and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas (known as “mentalese”), and writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language. But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry (织锦)，writing can only b

10、e composed one thread at a time .Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produce new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds.When people write as if some strict

11、critics (批评家) are looking over their shoulder , they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem .When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see eve

12、ry idea, as well as the words we use to express it, as wonderful and worth putting down. It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses.What do we learn from the text about those famous writers?A They often regret writing poor wo

13、rksB Some of them write surprisingly much .C Many of themhatereading their own worksD They are happy to review the publishers opinions.C为答案!做题顺序【这是读文章的重点，也是难点，一定多多练习】1扫描题干，确定题型，划出关键信息词。2扫描文章，划出以下内容。【阅读文章的主要目的：抓框架，抓考点】(1)首段、各段首句、末段末句(2)与提干信息词相关内容(3)因果关系(because, thus, therefore等)(4)转折关系 (but, however

14、, yet)(5)强调信息：1)绝对词汇 2)比较级最高级 3)强调句 4)强信息词(6)并列/列举：扫过标记(7)举例：扫过，知目的(8)指示性的具体信息： 1) 时间对比 2) 专有名词 3) 数字3再次阅读题目，联系文章，解决简单题目。4对于难以确定的题目，再次回原文反复的看相关的信息点。略读 一篇文章的主题信息通常会出现在以下几处：文章各段的首句和尾句 这些处于较明显、较特殊位置的句子往往是段落和文章的主题句，具有相当大的重要性;强转折处 通常以but, however, rather, yet, instead等词为标志，这些词汇后面的句子是主题性信息;因果关系处 通常以theref

15、ore, as a result, thus, so, That is why等词语或句式为标志，这些词汇或句式后面的句子是主题性信息;递进处 通常以moreover, furthermore, whats more, whats the most important, most important of all, most importantly等词汇或短语为标志，这些词汇或短语后面出现的信息是被强调的信息，即主题信息出现的地方;例证处 通常以for example, for instance, Lets take, Consider等词汇、短语或句式为标志，这些词汇、短语或句式表示举例，也

16、是支持性的细节信息，位于例子前后的句子一般都是例子要说明的主题;并列处 通常以firstly, secondlyfinally, someothers, for one thingfor another, on the one handon the other hand等组合为标志，这些组合都是支持性的细节信息，位于这些组合前后的句子一般都是这些细节信息所要支持的主题。跳读 可以作为略读的辅助。跳读旨在掌握文章的全貌和要点，但又不必将文章中所有的词句全部都读进眼帘，句子中期补充说明、修饰限定作用的，在跳读过程中就可以略去不读。因此，跳读主要是为了抓住句子的主干部分，忽略次要部分，这种阅读方法并

17、不影响读者对于文章主题信息的把握。当主题信息处是长难句时，这种方式尤为有效。跳读可以分为以下三种形式：根据特殊的标点符号提示，采用跳读法 文章中的标点符号都有其一定的含义。如：两个逗号之间是插入成分或同位语;括号内表示举例或补充说明;冒号通常用来列举事物、附加解释说明性内容;破折号通常放在解释性分句或句子前，或是用来列举前面总括的若干内容，或是放在解释性的插入语之前或之后等。阅读时，可以将两个逗号之间的部分、括号内的部分、冒号后的部分、破折号后的部分和两个破折号之间的部分省略不读;根据句法结构，采用跳读法 主要是在遇到长难句时，抓住句子的主干部分，即主语部分、谓语部分和宾语部分，而其它补充成分

18、，即定语(从句)、状语(从句)和补语部分可以略去不读;根据文章结构和组织形式及段落间逻辑关系、主题句等，采用跳读法 阅读时，重点关注主题句、表明作者观点的词句，对于举例论证、引用论证、数据论证、正反论证、比喻论证等部分则一带而过，跳过不读。出题顺序题目顺序基本与行文顺序一致解题技巧:一般情况下，快速阅读的题目顺序与原文的行文顺序是保持一致的，也就是说，下一道题的出处一般位于前一道题出处后面。总体的试题顺序与文章的行文顺序一致的。把握题目顺序与行文顺序一致的基本规律，将节省我们的寻读时间。数字、年代解题技巧1 数字和年代在文章中通常以阿拉伯叔祖的形式出现，在周围都是英文字母的背景中就显得比较突出

19、。因此，如果考题中含有数字，往往可以用来快速定位题目的出处。解题技巧2 数字和年代在文章中通常以阿拉伯数字的形式出现，但题干中可能对数字的形式有一定改动，如在数字的精确性和模糊性上变化。这时需要主义从逻辑关系上正确理解数字之间的包含与被包含关系。第一次出现的人名、地名等专有名词解题技巧： 专有名词以大写字母开头，在文章中显得比较突出，容易寻找。但是如果通篇都是讲与这个专有名词有关的事情时，这个专有名词有可能在全文中多次出现，而题目中也多次出现，这时就不建议用它来定位题目出处，而应该使用其他的定位词。题型与信息词1. 主旨题：询问主旨无需信息词;放于最后答题2. 词汇题：询问词汇、短语或句子含义

20、询问内容为信息词 3. 细节题：询问文中具体细节信息词不确定4. 态度题：询问作者或他人对某物的态度一般无信息词5. 推断题：对段落或全文进行推理信息词不确定快速阅读原文作路标（划关键词），明确题型找题区（与题干有关的句子或段落），大部分题目的题干都在原文题区的基础上进行了变通，使用了不同的表达方式：词性转化、同义、近义替代、反义叙述、状语提示、概括总结、例子证明观点等。解答细节理解题，定位能力很重要；最基本方法是：定位+改写=正确答案，就近原则，核心名词，缩小范围，同义替换！照抄原文的不是解，同义替换的是解。原文、问题、选项三者相比较，重要性最高的是问题！其次是选项！最后是原文！必要性思维正

21、确选项未必能充分完整地表达原文意思，而只要沾边即可。反之，不沾边的必错！问题中的细节和小词是关键！注意小词，比如：题干主语是people 就在文章中找we,they；题干中有used to就要找含过去式的was，而不是is，即使就近含关键字；题干中有now 就到文章中找today，题干中有toy lions就找shopping而不是parks或forests，定位+改写=正确答案!概括的、抽象的、与中心思想核心名词沾边的是正确选项。在遇到两个意思很相近的选项时：特别是假设A选项正确，还能推出B选项也正确的时候，究竟选哪个？要选B项！因为B项的范围包括了A，即B大于A，所以B正确。some Mu

22、ch same certain still different 。被动 measures should be taken 系表结构 It is in danger! There be句型将来时 3G mobile phone is coming首末句原则，即首段和末段原则（不要怕重复和回读）首段的作用：中心段 抛砖引玉. 定位+改写=正确答案!定位+改写=正确答案! 务必要用排除法。排除法在此类题型中发挥着不可磨灭的作用。根据在文章中找到的事实依据和常识排除错误信息，再排除和文章中一词不差的信息(文章里的原句不会是推理判断出来的结果，但通过同义词或句型转换过的选项有可能是正确答案)，最后再排除

23、无关或偏离信息，正确答案就不言而喻了。解的十个特征1、 体现中心思想（包括段落中心）的是解；2、 照抄原文的不是解，同义替换的是解；3、 含义不肯定的是解，如：can could may usually might most more or less be likely to；含义绝对的不是解： must always never the most all any none 含义相反的是解；4、 具体的不是解，概括性的、抽象的是解；5、 带有some的是解：someone somebody sometime something certain；6、 简单的不是解，复杂的是解，字面意思不是解，含

24、义深刻的是解；7、 带虚词的解：another other more either both also beside additional extra different same nearly not enough； 8、 “变化”是解：change delay improve increase；9、 “重要的、基础的”是解：important necessary essential basis be based on；10、 二选一：反义项有解；形似项有解；近义项有解阅读文章的两大原则：知难而退、抓大放小原文对等的思想：像【这个思想在做题时要时时体会，务必掌握】1、错误选项不是让你不选的

25、2、正确选项不是让你选的3、题干也不是随便出的 4、题目不是随便凑的 主旨题1)读文章时重点关注文章的首段和首末句。按照西方人习惯性的思维方式和写作习惯，他们惯用的是演绎法：即文章一开始先扔出自己的核心观点，然后具体一步步论证。根据我的统计，每一段的第一句、第二句和最后一句话为本段的主题句的概率分别为50%、20%、20%，三句话成为主题句的概率超过九成，当然也就成为我们阅读的重中之重。 2)关注一篇文章或者一段话中有没有重复出现的词或词组、有没有黑体字或者是斜体字。如果有，通常这就是文章的核心概念。 3)问句不会是主题句。问句通常作为过渡或者是引子，因此应该忽略，真正的主题应该是这个问题的答

26、案。 4)关注一些表征强转折关系的连词“but,yet,however,infact,indeed,practically,virtually”等，这些词后面连接的通常都是一段话的主题句。 5)关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词： “inbrief/short,above/in/after/allinall,conclusion,tosum”等，这些词后面连接的通常也都是一段话的主题句。 6)如果主题句含有show和suggest等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。 7)掌握一些词组强调的重点。“notonly,butalso*,*aswellas,more*than,less,than*(*为强调的重点

27、)”。A. 根据文章第一段或首句确定文章的主旨。新闻报道的第一段一般首先概括全文的中心，另外有些说明性或议论性文章也会开门见山地提出文章的中心或阐述的观点，文章的第一句话或第一段就是对全文主旨大意的概括。后文对此进一步解释说明，一般上具体的事例或信息，全文具有先总后分的特点。我们在捕捉文章的主题句时，应该对包含主题句的段落进行适当的分析。例：Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess if they are properly used. If fire di

28、dnt hurt when it burned, children would play with it until their hands were burned away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear didnt, a child could burn itself again and again because fear would not warn it to keep away from the fire that had burnt it before. A really fearless soldier-and some do exis

29、t-is not a good soldier because he is soon killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out.Q: The best title for this passage should be_.A. No pains, No Gains B. Pain and ActionsC. The Value of Fear D. The R

30、eason Why People Fear分析：B. 主题句在篇尾。主题句位于段末的文章的特点是作者采用了先摆事实，后下结论的写作手法。作者在表述细节后，归纳要点、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。我们在做题时，要判断所读内容是细节性的描述还是对所涉及问题的集中表达。如果文章首先提及的内容多为一般性的事实、细节的描写或具体的事例，则对文章中心的归纳或作者观点及意图的体现极有可能在最后，可以重点细读最后一段，然后回过头来利用主题句进一步理解文章的细节。例：Free time increased considerably following the shortening of the working

31、week, i.e. from six days to five days, and from ten hours to eight hours a day. In fact, the working day couldnt be too long, otherwise people wouldnt have the time to spend their money. The amount of a familys budget spent on outside entertainment, such as parties, films and concerts has increased from just under 6% in Fords day to about 9% today. On the other hand, we spend only a quarter of what our great-grandparents paid for reading materials. It is difficult to see how our spendi