八年级英语上册Unit8Naturaldisasters词汇与语法基础训练新版牛津版3.docx

1、八年级英语上册Unit8Naturaldisasters词汇与语法基础训练新版牛津版3Unit 8 Natural disasters知识精讲一、必背词汇disaster n. 灾难；不幸，祸患mop vt. 用拖把擦干净up adv. 完全地earthquake n. 地震accident n. 事故，意外的事coach n. 长途汽车crash vi. & vt. 猛撞；碰撞flood n. 洪水，水灾village n. 村庄，乡村lightning n. 闪电storm n. 风暴，暴（风）雨thunder n. 雷，雷声slight adj. 轻微的shake vi. & vt. 摇

2、动，震动loud adj. 响亮的；大声的；喧闹的bomb n. 炸弹fear n. 害怕，恐惧direction n. 方向brick n. 砖，砖块silent adj. 寂静的nervous adj. 紧张不安的heart n. 心脏beat vi. & vt. （使）规律作响，作节奏运动trapped adj. 困住的mind n. 头脑calm vi. & vt. （使）平静，（使）镇定since conj. 由于，既然still adv. 仍然alive adj. 活着的dark n. 黑暗shout n. 呼喊，喊叫声safe adj. 安全的asleep adj. 睡着的bre

3、ak vi. 损坏；打破towel n. 毛巾，浴巾rule n. 规则railway n. 铁路pancake n. 烙饼，薄饼burn n. 烧伤，烫伤，灼伤board n. 木板headache n. 头痛toothache n. 牙痛countryside n. 乡下, 农村nearly adv. 几乎， 将近clear vt. 清除，清理shaking n. 摇动，震动二、重点词汇1. break verb /brek/1). to (cause something to) separate suddenly or violently into two or more pieces,

4、 or to (cause something to) stop working by being damaged破碎，破裂；打破；打断；损坏，弄坏例句：The dish fell to the floor and broke.碟子掉到地上摔碎了。She fell and broke her arm.她摔断了胳膊。2). to destroy or end something, or to come to an end 毁坏，打破；结束，终结例句：Eventually someone spoke, breaking the silence.最后终于有人开口打破了沉默。She broke the

5、 record for the 5,000 meters.她打破了5000米的纪录。3). to interrupt or to stop something for a short period 打断；中断，中止例句：We usually break for lunch at 12.30.我们通常12点半休息吃午饭。The phone rang, breaking my concentration.电话铃响了，打断了我的注意。2. shake verb & noun /ek/1). v. to move backwards and forwards or up and down in qui

6、ck, short movements, or to make something or someone do this 摇动；抖动；使颤动例句：A young boy climbed into the apple tree and shook the branches so that the fruit fell down.一个男孩爬上苹果树，用力摇着枝条好让苹果掉下来。She shook her hair loose from its ribbon.她抖了抖头发，把丝带抖掉。2). v. If you are shaking, your body makes quick short mov

7、ements, or you feel as if it is doing so, because you are frightened or nervous. （因害怕或紧张而）打颤，发抖例句：She was shaking as she opened the letter.她颤抖着拆开了信。I was shaking like a leaf (= very nervous) before the test.我考试前特别紧张。3). n. an act of shaking something 摇动；抖动；震动例句：She gave the box a shake to see if the

8、re was anything inside it.她摇了摇盒子，看里面有没有东西。No, no, no, he said with a shake of his head. “不，不，不”，他摇着头说。3. since adverb & preposition & conjunction /sns/1). adv. from a particular time in the past until a later time, or until now此后，从此例句：Emma went to work in New York a year ago, and we havent seen her

9、since.埃玛一年前去纽约工作了，自那时起我们就没有见过她。He started working for the company in 1995, and has been there ever since.他毕业后就开始为这家公司工作，在此之后他一直呆在那里。2). prep. from a particular time in the past until a later time, or until now自从；从以来例句：He hasnt won a game since last year.1966年以后，英格兰队就再没有拿过世界杯冠军。It was the hottest Oct

10、ober since records began.这是有史以来最热的十月。3). conj. because; as因为；既然例句：Since weve got a few minutes to wait for the train, lets have a cup of coffee.既然等火车还需要几分钟，我们去喝杯咖啡吧。Since she has lost weight that skirt bags on her.因为她减肥了，她穿那条裙子显得太松垂了。4. direction noun /darekn/ 1). the position towards which someone

11、or something moves or faces方向，朝向例句：He was going in the direction of the bedroom.他正朝着卧室走去。They drove away in opposite directions.他们朝相反的方向驶去。2). control or instruction 管理；控制；指挥；指导例句：I couldnt understand the directions on the packet.我看不懂包装盒上的说明。The project was under the direction of a well-known academ

12、ic.这项工程是在一位著名学者的指导下进行的。5. beat verb & noun /bit/1). v. to defeat or do better than 打败，战胜例句：Simon always beats me at tennis.西蒙打网球总是赢我。Holland beat Belgium (by) 31.荷兰队3比1战胜比利时队。2).v. to hit repeatedly （接连地）打，击例句：They saw him beating his dog with a stick.他们看见他用棍子打他的狗。Beat the drum.打起鼓来。3). v. to (cause

13、 to) make a regular movement or sound （使）跳动；使拍打；敲打例句：The doctor could feel no pulse beating.医生感觉不到脉搏的跳动。The hummingbird beats its wings at great speed.蜂鸟高速振动翅膀。4). n. a regular movement or sound, especially that made by your heart（尤指心脏）连续的跳动（声）例句：I put my head on his chest but I could feel no heartb

14、eat.我把头贴近他的胸口，但感觉不到他的心跳。They danced to the beat of the drums.他们随着鼓声翩翩起舞。6. silent adjective /salnt/1). without any sound 宁静的；寂静的例句：The empty house was completely silent.那座空房子一片寂静。It was four oclock in the morning and the streets were as silent as the grave.这是凌晨四点，伦敦如坟墓一样沉寂，十分安静。2). without talking 沉

15、默的；缄默的例句：Trish was silent because she was reluctant to put her thoughts into words.特里希一言不发，因为她不愿意把她的想法说出来。She and Ned sat silently for a moment, absorbing the peace of the lake.她和内德默默地坐了片刻，享受着那湖泊的宁静。三、必背短语1. thousands of 许多；成千上万的 2. wash away 冲走；洗掉；忘却3. crash into 闯入；撞到上 4. fall from 从落下5. catch fir

16、e 着火 6. at first 起初；首先7. in fear 害怕 8. run out of 用光，用尽9. try ones best 尽某人最大的努力 10. in all directions 四面八方；全面地11. come down 下来，降落 12. not.at all 一点也不13. calm down 平静下来 14. say to oneself 自言自语15. find ones way out 寻找解决方法 16. at last 最终，最后17. the noise of 之声 18. because of 因为，由于19. as.as possible 尽可能

17、 20. on fire 着火；起火21. a loud noise like thunder 一声雷鸣般的巨响四、经典句型1. Then I heard a loud noise like然后我听到一声般的巨响。2. I tried my best to.我尽最大的努力3. I could not see anything at all, and.我什么都看不见，也三点剖析一、考点1. 掌握本课核心词汇和固定搭配。2. 过去进行时的用法1). 定义过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。2). 结构was/were +doing (现在分词)3). 用法(1). 过去进行时表

18、示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例句：We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。(2). 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。例句：When I saw him he was decorating his room.当我看见他的时候他正在装饰

19、房间。(3). 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例句：While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。（两个动作都是延续的）He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦车时我在做饭。（两个动作同时进行）3. when，while和as在过去进行时中的用法1). when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。例句：Sorry, I was out whe

20、n you called me.对不起,你打电话时我刚好外出了。Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。The students took notes as they listened.学生们边听课边做笔记。2). when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。例句：When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。While/ As we were dancing, a stranger came

21、 in.当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。3). 当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用as这时，as常表示“随着”；“一边，一边”之意。例句：As the time went on, the weather got worse.随着时间的推移，天气变得更糟了。例题：1. -Sandy, the glass is broken. How did that happen?-Sorry, Mum. I dont know. I _ outside.A. play B. was playing C. have played D. am play

22、ing【答案】B【解析】考查过去进行时。根据句意：桑迪，这玻璃杯坏了，是怎样发生的？对不起，妈妈，我不知道，我当时在外面玩。根据句意可知应该用过去进行时。故选D。2. 用when，while，as填空1).The teacher came in _ the students were talking.2). _ was sleeping, my parents were watching TV.3). _ it grew darker, it became colder.【答案】1). when/ while/ as2). While3). As【解析】考查过连词when，while，as的用

23、法。根据相关用法填出对应连词即可。二、易错点loud，aloud和loudly1. loud作副词时，常用比较级形式，意为“响亮地”或“高声地”，侧重发出的音量大，传得远，一股多用来修饰speak，talk，laugh等动词；作形容词时意为“大声的；响亮的”。例句：Speak louder, or I cant hear you.大点声，否则我听不见你说话。The children made a loud noise downstairs.孩子们在楼下大声喧哗。2. aloud为副词，强调发出的声音能被听见，意为“出声地”或“大声地”。aloud作“出声地”讲时，主要与read连用；作“大声地

24、”讲时，主要与call，shout，cry等词连用。例句：Please read the letter aloud so that everybody can hear.请大声地把信读出来,让大家都能听见。The boy is crying aloud.那个男孩哭的声音很大。3. loudly作副词，意为“响亮地”，其基本意义与loud相同，还常与ring，knock等动词连用，可指人的说话声、敲门声或其他各种声音，强调“声音高”。含有“喧闹”的意思。例句：Someone knocked loudly at the door.有人大声敲门。例题：Suddenly the bell on the

25、 wall rang _.A. quiet B. aloud C. loudly D. quietly【答案】C【解析】考查词汇辨析。根据句意：突然墙上的铃突然想了起来。aloud意为“大声地”；loudly意为“响亮地”，故选C。题模精选题模一：Unit 8 词汇应用例1.1.1 The girl felt so _ that she fell _ at the table.A sleepy; asleep B sleepy; sleepyC asleep; sleepy D asleep; asleep例1.1.2 根据括号提示填空1). There are many natural _

26、(灾难) in the world every year.2). A strong earthquake killed _ (thousand) of people last year.题模二：过去进行时例1.2.1 I was writing a letter _ she was making a telephone call.A while B when C before D as例1.2.2 根据中文提示完成句子1). 雷电总是跟在闪电后面，因为电的传播速度比声音快。_ _ _ _ because light travels faster than sound.2). 我们应该学习怎样在

27、地震中保护自己。We should learn _ _ _ _ _ _ _.随堂练习随练1.1 The man tried several times to start the car, and he _ succeeded.A in the past B in the end C at first D at once随练1.2 If there is any change to the plan, I will tell you as soon _.A as possible B as impossibleC as quick D as quickly随练1.3 -Whats wrong w

28、ith you?-I dont feel well. I have _.A toothache B headacheC a headache D cold随练1.4 根据括号提示完成句子1. It is dangerous to travel by ship this week. There will be a _ (暴风雨)on the sea.2.There are lots of people in this _ (村庄).3. Dont lose _ (信心)when you fail. Cheer up and have another try.4. My _ (头脑) went e

29、mpty when I heard the shocking news.5. Without the help of the police, I wouldnt be _ (live) today.6. The poor dog was _ (trap) under the bricks and could do nothing but wait for help.7. _ (luck), we sent the boy to hospital in time and saved his legs.8. Listen! Can you hear them _ (shout) at each other? What is happening?随练1.5 Jenny _ in the kitchen when you called her at 5 oclock this afternoon.A is cooking B was cookingC cooks D coo