英语现在完成时总结突破.docx

1、英语现在完成时总结突破中考现在完成时总结【突破】【现在完成时】一、现在完成时的基本机构： 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词二、动词的过去分词的构成规则：1.规则动词的过去分词的构成方式：(1)大多数动词加edfinished(2)以-e结尾的动词加dchanged(3)以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词去掉y加iedcarried(4)最后三个字母是辅元辅的动词双写最后一个辅音字母加edstopped2.不规则动词的一般过去式与过去分词：【必须要牢记下来！】动词的基本形式一般过去式形式过去分词形式1)amwasbeen2)arewerebeen3)beatbeatbeaten4)becomebe

2、camebecome5)beginbeganbegun6)betbetbet7)blowblewblown8)breakbrokebroken9)bringbroughtbrought10)buildbuiltbuilt11)burnburntburntburnedburned12)buyboughtbought13)catchcaughtcaught14)choosechosechosen15)comecamecome16)costcostcost17)cutcutcut18)dealdealtdealt19)digdugdug20)dodiddone21)drawdrewdrawn22)d

3、reamdreamtdreamtdreameddreamed23)drinkdrankdrunk24)drivedrovedriven25)eatateeaten26)fallfellfallen27)feedfedfed28)feelfeltfelt29)fightfoughtfought30)findfoundfound31)flyflewflown32)forgetforgotforgotten33)getgotgot34)givegavegiven35)gowentgone36)growgrewgrown37)hang(悬挂)hunghung38)have/hashadhad39)he

4、arheardheard40)hidehidhidden41)hithithit42)holdheldheld43)hurthurthurt44)keepkeptkept45)knowknewknown46)laylaidlaid47)leadledled48)learnlearntlearntlearnedlearned49)leaveleftleft50)lendlentlent51)letletlet52)lie(躺)laylain53)lightlitlitlightedlighted54)loselostlost55)makemademade56)meanmeantmeant57)m

5、eetmetmet58)mistakemistookmistaken59)paypaidpaid60)putputput61)readreadread62)rideroderidden63)ringrangrung64)riseroserisen65)runranrun66)saysaidsaid67)seesawseen68)sellsoldsold69)sendsentsent70)setsetset71)shakeshookshaken72)shineshoneshone73)showshowedshowedshowedshown74)shutshutshut75)singsangsun

6、g76)sitsatsat77)sleepsleptslept78)smellsmeltsmeltsmelledsmelled79)speakspokespoken80)speedspeededspeededspedsped81)spellspeltspeltspelledspelled82)spendspentspent83)spreadspreadspread84)standstoodstood85)stealstolestolen86)stickstuckstuck87)sweepsweptswept88)swimswamswum89)taketooktaken90)teachtaugh

7、ttaught91)telltoldtold92)thinkthoughtthought93)throwthrewthrown94)understandunderstoodunderstood95)wakewokewoken96)wearworeworn97)winwonwon98)writewrotewritten三、现在完成时涉及到的四大句型：1.肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语(或者其他).2.否定句:主语+have not/has not+动词的过去分词+宾语.3.一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语(或者其他)?肯定回答：Yes, 主语+hav

8、e/has.否定回答：No, 主语+havent/hasnt.4.特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+have或者has引导的一般疑问句四、现在完成时的用法：1.表示某个动作对现在所产生的影响或结果。如：I havent had my breakfast yet. 我还没吃早饭呢。2.表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始，延续到现在，也许还要延续下去。这时往往和表示一段时间的状语连用，并且for+时间段，since+过去的时间点。如：He has taught in this school for over 20 years. 他在这个学校教书已经二十多年了。He has taught in this sc

9、hool since 1985. 从1985年以来他就一直在这所学校教书。注意：如果短暂性动词在现在完成时中想要与一段时间连用，表达这个动作或状态延续了多长时间的话，我们要将这些短暂性动词转化为延续性动词。 【常用的一些短暂性动词的转化】动词表达延续性的状态例句begin/starthave/has been onThe film has been on for 20 minutes.finish/stophave/has been overThe parade has been over for e/go/arrivehave/has been in/atKitty has been in

10、Hong Kong for two days. leavehave/has been awayShe has been away from home since last Tuesday.borrowhave/has keptShe has kept this book since last week.join have/has been inhave/has been a member ofhave been members ofSimon has been a member of the Football Club since last year.marryhave/has been ma

11、rriedThey have been married for 15 years.diehave/has been deadThe fish have been dead for some time.catch a coldhave/has had a coldI have had a cold for two days.buyhave/has hadShe has had this car since .openhave/has been openThe shop has been open for seven hours.closehave/has been closedThe shop

12、has been closed for thirty minutes.fall illhave/has been illHer grandfather has been ill since three days ago.fall asleephave/has been asleepThey have been asleep for two hours.3.我们也使用现在完成时来谈论到现在为止一个动作发生了几次。如：I have been to Japan once.我去过一次日本。I have already read this book many times.这本书我已经读过许多遍了。五、现

13、在完成时的时态中容易出现的几个标志词：副词词义例句(1)already已经I have already done my homework. 我已经做完作业了。(2)yet否定句: 放在句末 “还(没)”疑问句: 放在句末 “已经” I havent had breakfast yet. 我还没有吃早饭呢。Have you had breakfast yet? 你已经吃早饭了吗？(3)ever曾经Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗？(4)never从来没有Ive never been to Shanghai. 我从来没有去过上海。(5)just刚刚Iv

14、e just had breakfast. 我刚刚吃完早饭。(6)before放在句末, 表示“以前”Ive seen it before. 我以前见过这个。六.辨析：【have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in/at】 （1）have/has been to意为“曾经去过某地”，现在已不在那里了，后可接次数，如once, twice, three times等，表示“去过某地几次了”。如：My father has been to Beijing twice. 我父亲去过北京两次了。I have never been here bef

15、ore. 我以前从未来过这里。（2）have/has gone to 意为“到某地去了”，说话时该人不在现场。如：Mr Wang isnt there. He has gone to Qingdao. 王先生不在这里，他去青岛了。（3）have/has been in/at表示“在某地待了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。注意：in后面接大地点 at后面接小地点如：I have been in Shanghai for three years. 我待在上海已经有三年了。My mother has been at this company since 2016. 我妈妈自从2016年就在这

16、家公司了。七、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1.侧重点不同：(1)一般过去时侧重于过去的动作，与现在无关。如：I read this book last weekend.(仅仅说明昨天看了这本书，与现在没有关系。）(2)现在完成时侧重于过去的动作对现在的影响。如：I have read this book. （说明现在我已经了解了这本书了。）2.连用的时间状语不同：(1)与一般过去时连用的时间状语是：。just now, yesterday, last., .ago, in+年份等。(2)与现在完成时连用的时间状语是：already,yet,still,so far,in the last/p

17、ast., before,ever, never,since,for等。二、英语书面表达专项训练2书面表达即将步入高中的你们马上要面对近几年热门讨论的“3+X”高考模式的选择(3即语文，数学，英语。X即物理，化学，历史，政治，生物等等科目)。对此，有人赞同，有人反对。请你根据以下提示内容，就”3+X”考试这一话题，谈谈你自己的看法。注意：1.请根据表格内容，写出语法正确，语言优美的短文，可适当发挥。2. 文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称及其它相关的信息，否则不予评分。3.词数：80字左右（提示词不算字数）赞同的观点学生可以选择自己擅长或感兴趣的科目，他们在考试中能取得好成绩反对的观点事实

18、上，这对学生而言，选择科目更难，有些科目竞争对手更多，而且有的学生难以选择适合自己的老师或科目你的观点Were going to enter the senior high school this September.Nowadays,more and more people do pay attention to the 3+X Examination for College Entrance Examination(3+X高考).Some people think_【答案】Were going to enter the senior high school this SeptemberNo

19、wadays，more and more people do pay attention to the 3+X Examination for College Entrance Examination（3+X高考）Some people think 3+X Examination is very suitable for studentsThey can choose subjects that they are good at or interested inThey can get good marks in examSome people think it has disadvantag

20、esIn fact， it is more difficult for students to choose subjectsSome subjects have more competitors， and some students are difficult to choose suitable teachers or subjectsIn my opinion，learning well is the most important thing【解析】【分析】这篇书面表达是篇议论文。主要是对热门话题新高考“3+X”模式讨论。【详解】这个话题，考生都比较熟悉，也贴近考生的实际。考生需要根据表

21、格所给的内容，先表述正反两方面的观点，其次要加入自己的观点，这是要求考生自己发挥的。在写作时考生可以使用自己熟悉的短语，句式，避免出现错误；建议使用一些长难句给作文加分；最后要检查，拼写是否有误，标点符号使用是否恰当等。【点睛】写作时要明确要点，做到思路清晰，句式灵活，表达流畅，语法正确，结合要求，注意作文题材，不要写跑题.日常积累一些短语和词句.3写作“百善孝为先”,孝敬父母是中华民族的传统美德。某英语报社正在举办以“弘扬中华传统文化”为主题的征文活动,请你以“We should honor our parents”为题,写一篇短文参加征文活动。内容包括: What do you often

22、 do for your parents? Why should we honor our parents? How should we honor our parents? 要求： 1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯； 2）必须包括表格中所有的相关信息，并适当发挥； 3）词数：100词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）； 4）不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。We should honor our parents As we know, honoring our parents is an excellent tradition of China._【答案】We should honor our

23、 parentsAs we know, honoring our parents is an excellent tradition of China.I honor my parents.I often help my parents do housework in my spare time.I think its our duty to honor our parents.Our parents take much effort to raise us, so its important for us to honor them.They love us so we should lov

24、e and respect them. First of all, we should try our best to study hard to make them proud of us.Then, we can help our parents with some housework because they are tired after working.Next, we should respect them and never talk to them rudely.Wed better communicate with them patiently if we have diff

25、erent opinions.Its also important to tell our parents we love them.【解析】【分析】本题要求考生以“我们应该尊敬我们的父母”为题结合所给的内容要点，写一篇作文【详解】这是篇材料作文，主要内容要点已给，所以考生要围绕着要点，进行写作，不要遗漏，当然顺序可以适当调整。这篇作文又句型亮点，例如：As we know，众所周知；.I think its our duty to do sth等等，其次文章结构也比较清晰，例如第二段的衔接词，First of all，Then，Next，使用的简单而恰当。4书面表达假如你是英语俱乐部的Cat

26、hy,上周五你们收到了外教Angel为同学们网购的英文书籍。俱乐部的同学们很喜欢网购图书这种便捷的方式，并打算在本周五交流读书后的感受。请你根据以下信息, 给Angel写一封电子邮件，告诉她俱乐部的活动情况，并说说网购图书的好处。写作要点：1表达收到图书后的喜悦与感激之情。2介绍活动的情况：（l）上周五，俱乐部成员们一起读英文书。（2）本周五的下午3点，大家将共同交流读书的体会。（3）同学们将在下个月网购其他的英文书。3说一说网上购书有什么好处。写作要求：1不得使用真实的姓名和学校名。2可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。3字迹工整、语言精练、表达准确、条理清晰。4至少80词。Dear An

27、gel,How are you doing? Best wishes!Yours,Cathy【答案】Dear Angel,How are you doing? Im writing to tell you that we received the books that you bought for us. We are grateful to you and all of us are very happy。Last Friday，we had a reading party, which was held on Friday in our reading room. Then we are going t