一般现在时.docx

1、一般现在时一般现在时1、概述一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态。常与usually，often，always，sometimes，everyday，once a week等时间状语连用。-Can I join your club. Dad? 我能加入你的俱乐部吗，爸爸？-You can when you get a bit older.等你长大了就可以。- Can I help you, sir? 你需要帮忙么？-Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it desnt work.是的，我昨天在这里买的这台收音机，但它坏了。2、 构成一

2、般现在时常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，应用动词的单数第三人称形式。-Youre drinking too much. 你喝的太多了。-Only at home. No one sees me but you.只是在家里。除了你又没别人看见。2、用法（1）表示现在经常发生或习惯性的行为或状态一般现在时表示现在经常发生或习惯性的行为或状态，常与usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes等时间状语连用。I play ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to p

3、lay since the new year. 我乒乓球打得不错，但自从新年以来我一直没有时间打。He always sleeps with the windows open.他总是开着窗子睡觉。She is our English teacher.她是我们的英语老师。The children go to school at seven every morning.孩子们每天早晨七点上学。-Do you like the material?你喜欢这块料子吗？-Yes, it feels very soft.是的，这块料子手感很柔软。（2）一般现在时表示主语的性格、特征、能力等。He works

4、 hard .他工作很努力Does he like sports? 他爱好运动吗？She loves music.她喜欢音乐。（3）一般现在时表示客观事实或普遍真理，也用在格言中。The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。Actions speak louder than words.百说不如一干。Water boils at 100.水在摄氏100度时沸腾。注意：主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，但宾语从句中如果所说的是客观真理，它的谓语动词仍用一般现在时。Galileo insisted that the earth goes around the sun.伽利略坚持认

5、为地球绕着太阳转。（4）在时间、条件、比较等状语从句中表将来的动作从句一般由when, if, after, before, as, as soon as, the minute, the next time, in case, though, till, until, unless, so long as, where, whatever, whenever等引导。The volleyball match will be put off if it rains. 如果下雨，排球赛将推迟。The new secretary is supposed to report to the manage

6、r as soon as he arrives. 新秘书一到就应该找经理报到。Ill begin the dictation when you are ready.如果你们准备好，我就开始听写。When they leave school, they will go to college.中学毕业后，他们去上大学。（5）表示安排或计划好的将来的动作，只限少数几个动词：go, come, leave, start等。The train starts at 10 o clock in the morning.火车在上午10点发车。Supper is at 5 today.今天五点开晚饭。The s

7、ummer holidays begin next week.暑假从下周开始。（6）一般现在时描述过去时间的事实 这种用法多见于叙述代或口述往事，以增加描述的生动和真实感。The story describes how Walt Disney starts a company.这篇代章描述了沃尔特迪斯尼如何创办公司的情况。He says the river rises higher and higher, breaks the bank and is filling all low places.他说河水越涨越高，漫过河岸，淹没低洼地。（7） 在新闻标题、小说和电影以及戏剧情节介绍、幻灯和图片

8、的说明中常用一般现在时U.S. President holds talks with British Prime Minister. 美国总统同英国首相举行会谈。American Ambassador Leaves Beijing.美国大使离京。一般过去时编辑本段一般过去式The past Indefinite tense1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month), in 1989, just no

9、w, at the age of 5, one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前), etc. 3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 的过去式4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 6.例句：She often came to help us in those days. I didnt know you were so busy.一般过去时表示(1)过去某个特定时间发生，也可以表示(2)过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不

10、强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过去。 句式：主语+过去动词+其他I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。(1) He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子，抽烟抽得可凶了。(2) 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等等。 补充内容：（句子中谓语动词是用一

11、般过去时还是用现在完成时，取决于动作是否对现在有影响。 Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗？（你现在不饿吗？） Yes, I have. 是的，我已经吃过了。（已经吃饱了，不想再吃了。） When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的？（关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。） I had it about ten minutes ago. 我大约是十分钟以前吃的。 ）Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。 I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。I at

12、e it at 6：45。我在六点四十五分吃了。一般过去时的基本用法 1 带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时如：yesterday（昨天）、two days ago（两天前 ）、last year（去年）、the other day（前几天）、once upon a time（很久以前）、 just now（刚才）、in the old days（过去的日子里）、before liberation（解放前）、 When I was 8 years old（当我八岁时）、at+一个时间点Did you have a party the other day？前几天，你们开了晚会了吗？Lei Fe

13、ng was a good soldier.雷锋是个好战士。注意在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。2 表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下代来表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died.那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。3 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作常与always，never等连用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。（只是说明她过去的动作，

14、不表明她现在是否常带着伞。）比较Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.一般将来时1、概述一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, next week, next year等。Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.为什么不把肉放在冰箱里？它可以保鲜好几天。-Youve left the light on. 你忘了关灯了。- Oh , so I have. Ill go and turn

15、 it off. 噢，那我马上去关。2、构成一般将来时由“助动词will/shall+动词原形”构成。will用于第二、三人称，shall第一人称。在口语中，will在名词或代词后常缩写为ll，will not简缩为wontwount。但在美国英语中，各种人称皆可用will。He will help his sister with her lessons.他将帮助他妹妹做功课。We wont be free this afternoon.今天下午我们没空。3、一般将来时的用法（1）表示未来的动作或存在状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, next Sunday, soon,

16、in a month, in the future等。We shall leave for London next Monday.我们将在下周一去伦敦。He will come to see you the day after tomorrow.后天他要来看你。You will be 20 next year.明年你就二十了。（2）表示将来反复发生的动作或习惯性动作We shall come and work in this factory every year.我们将每年来这工厂参加劳动。The students will have five English classes per week

17、 this term.本学期学生每周将要上五节英语课。4、一般将来时的其他表达法（1）“be going to+动词原形”表将来 这种结构表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。What are you going to do next Sunday? 下星期天你打算干什么？They are going to meet outside the school gate.他们打算在校门口见面。 还可表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，认为某事即将发生、肯定会发生或可能出现的情况。I think Im going to die. 我想我要死了。(现在生命垂危)Look at the cloud.

18、Its going to rain.瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。(乌云密布，使我断定天要下雨)The ice is going to break.冰就要破了。这种结构表示“肯定、预测，注定会”。在这种情况下可以和“think, hope, want, believe, like”等表示静态的动词连用。He failed in the exam; he knew he was going to when he looked at the test paper.他没考及格，他一看试卷就知道考不及格。The question is going to be very complex.这个问题将会很复杂。Th

19、e voters arent going to like him.选民们不会喜欢他的。be going to 和will的区别a. will表示说话人认为、相信、希望或假定要发生的事，不含任何具体的时间，可以指遥远的将来；而be going to 指有迹象表明某事即将发生或肯定发生，通常指很快就要发生的事情。Listen to the wind. We are going to have a rough crossing.听那风声，我们横渡时一定困难很大。She will not shove the heavy load onto others.她不愿意把重担推给别人。He will get

20、better.他的病会好的。（即认为最终会恢复健康，而不是马上恢复）He is gong to get better.他的病就会好了。(指有恢复的迹象)b. be gong to 和will均可表示意图，但事先考虑过的意图用be going to，不是事先考虑过的意图用will。-Why have you torn the paper into pieces?你怎么把论代撕了？- I am going to rewrite it.(事先考虑，不用will)我要重写。-Is it really a big stone?-I will help you to move it.(未经事先考虑，不用b

21、e going to )He will go his own way.他一意孤行。I wont do so.我不愿这样做。c. be going to可以用在条件状语从句中表示将来，而will不能。If you are going to attend the meeting, youd better leave now.如果你要去参加这个会，你最好现在走。（不用will）If you are going to accept the job, start to work now.如果你想接受这项工作，从现在开始上班。（不用will）（2）用现在进行时来表示将来现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的

22、动作，这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词，如come , go , leave, start ,move, arrive等，还有join, play, eat, work, return, take, wear, stay, sleep, meet等。常与表示将来的时间状语连用。Im leaving for Tibet on Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。When are you going back to your factory? 你什么时候回工厂？He is not coming.他不来了。They are arriving tomorrow afternoon.他们明天下午到达。进行时

23、表示将来与be going to 的区别be going to表示说话前事先考虑过的意图(intend)，现在进行时表示事先安排的动作（plan）；表示有迹象表明某事即将发生或肯定发生用be going to，不用现在进行时。Mary and Jane are going to meet tonight.（have an intention to）Mary and Jane are meeting tonight.( 事先安排的动作)I feel dizzy, I think I am going to faint.（不能用I fainting）我感到头晕，我想我要昏倒。（3）“be abou

24、t to+动词原形”表将来“be about to+动词原形”表示打算或据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。The English evening is about to start.英语晚会即将开始。They are about to set out.(不能说，They are about to set out soon) 他们就要出发。The ship is about to sail.轮船马上就要启航。比较：be about to 与be not about to 的差异be about to 意为“正要、马上就”；be not about to 意为“不愿意”

25、。He is about to come out. Please wait a moment.他马上就出来，请稍等。He is not about to do that again.他不愿再做那件事了。（4）“be to+动词原形”表将来 “be to+动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要求要发生的动作，这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意见。Theres to be a slide show this afternoon.今天下午要放幻灯。You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.到10点你得交上试卷。If a man is

26、to succeed, he must work as hard as he can.一个人要想成功，他就必须拼命干。（5） 一般现在时表示将来用一般现在时表示根据规定预计要发生、安排或计划好的将来的动作。这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词，如come, go, leave, start, begin, sail, return, stop, end, open, stay等。The plane starts at 8 oclock in the morning.飞机上午8点起飞。When does the show begin?展览什么时候开始？过去将来时1、概述过去时将来时是对于过去某一时间

27、点而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句中。We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would leave office soon.他宣布不久离职的消息让我们都大吃一惊。At that time I knew we should succeed.那时我知道我们会成功的。2、构成过去将来时一般由 “助动词would(第二、三人称)/should(第一人称)+动词原形”构成。不论什么人称，美国英语皆可用would。I thought they would come to help me.我认为他们会来帮我的。He said h

28、e would wait for us at the bus stop.他说他要在车站等我们。3、过去将来时的用法（1）表示从过去某一时间点而言将要发生的动作或存在状态She hoped that they would meet again someday.她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。They said it would be fine.听说天气会很好。He said he would come.他说他要来。My brother told me he would be back on Saturday.我哥哥告诉我，他要在星期六回来。I rang up to tell my father t

29、hat I should leave for London.我打电话告诉我父亲我要去伦敦。（2）表示过去的某种习惯行为She would lose the key! 她总是把钥匙弄丢了。He would sit for hours doing nothing.过去他常常坐几个钟头什么事也不做。He would come to see us on Sundays.过去星期天他经常来看望我们。4、过去将来时的其它表达法过去将来时除了用“should, would+动词原形”表达外，还有以下几种表达法。（1）was/were going to表示过去的打算和意图He was going to sta

30、rt work the following week.他打算下星期开始工作。（打算）He said he was going to visit China the next week.他说他下周访华。表示没有实现的打算和意图He was going to come last night, but it rained.他打算昨晚来，但下雨了。(没实现)I thought the film was going to be interesting.我想这部电影会很有趣的。（结果不是）-Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? 艾丽丝，你昨天为什么没来呀？-I was

31、going to, but I had an unexpected visitor.我打算来的，但我家来了个不速之客。（2）was/were to+动词原形这种结构通常指过去的计划安排或注定要发生的事情。如果计划的动作没有实现，要用动词的完成式。He said he was to meet his girlfriend at the station at 4p.m.他说他下午四点去车站接他女朋友。（计划安排）These first words were to change my world. 我最先学的这些单词将会改变我的生活天地。(注定要发生的事情)At that time he did not know that quitting the job was to become the turning point in his life.( 注定要发生的事情)那时他不知道辞职将会成为他生活的转折点。She said she was to