动词法时态进阶.docx

1、动词法时态进阶动词法：时态（进阶）什么是时态在平时的学习中，我们总是把时态和在一起来学习，这极大地增加了理解的难度，事实上，时态是由两个部分构成的。1， 四种时间概念。a) 现在时b) 过去时c) 将来时d) 过去将来时（一般用在间接引语中）例句：I didnt know if he would come.例句：She was sixty-six. In three years, she would be sixty-nine.2， 四种状态概念。a) 一般态：既非进行也非完成；文学名著与客观事实。b) 进行态：表示动作的持续性发生。c) 完成态：在截止时间发生的时候，已经完成了的事情，对截止

2、时间时发生的事情产生影响。完成态的动作，其起始时间在前。比如：现在时+完成态，则动作起始时间在“过去”过去时+完成态，则动作起始时间在“过去的过去”d) 完成进行态：表示从过去到截止时间发生时，持续不断进行并将继续进行的状态。我要求你，从现在开始，不许再说什么过去完成时，现在进行时。因为时态是时+态。我要求你从现在开始，把时和态分开来说。在下面的题目中，我会经常提到：先判断时，再判断态。就是要告诉你，只要时态分开来判断，就很容易掌握时态。解题策略排除法排除法是对付语法题最可靠的方法。排除法的使用次序是：第一步，先看看有没有“过去时+完成态”的选项。如果有，先用“过去的过去”来排除。通常一步可以

3、解题。第二步，用时间进行判断，把不符合时间的选项排除第三步，用状态进行判断，把不符合状态的选项排除在考试中，有时候会把时态和语态混在一起考，个别的题目还会把时态和“数词”混在一起考。这大大降低了判断的难度。排除法举例： That must have been a long trip. Yeah, it _ us a whole week to get there.A. takes B. has taken C. took D. had taken【答案】C看到有“过去时+完成态”，要先判断。本题不存在“过去的过去”，排除D再判断时：题目里第一句话，是现在时+完成态，透露了去旅行的（起始）时间必

4、定是“过去”。因此，take这个词发生的时间，也只能是“过去时”，果断排除A。BC选项，动作发生的时间都在过去，故无法用时排除。再判断态。B是完成态，完成态通常都要有时间状语提示“对现在的影响”，本题没有，排除之。因此选C我的问题来了，如果有一个E选项：was taking，请问可以选么？ 用时间排除错误选项。有一些题目，用“时”来排除，效果最佳Christmas _ near, so lets do shopping and get prepared for it.A. is drawing B. draws C. drew D. has drawn【答案】Adraw near 的意思是“靠

5、近，接近”，明显要用将来时。B是现在时，排除；C是过去时，排除；D是现在时+完成态，排除。只有A选项，是be+doing表示将来时。将来时除了用will/shall + 动词原型，还有几种特殊形态，意义略有不同；1，be + about + to do sth. 即将做某事He is about to live. 他就要走了。2，be + to do sth 注定要发生的事Sheistobemarriednextmonth. 她将于下个月结婚。（这种事没法改了）3，be + doing 表示计划中要去做，或发生可能性较大的事情He is coming. 他快来了。He is dying. 他快

6、死了。（奄奄一息）例题： Bob has gone to California. Oh, can you tell me when he _ ?A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave【答案】B判断时：Bob has gone to California，去的动作已经发生过，说明他离开的动作发生在过去，排除C。此处横线处要填写的内容发生在宾语从句中，主句并非过去时，故从句不能使用过去讲来时，排除D。判断态：本题没有时间状语提示对现在的影响，故不会是完成态，判处A。举例：If you dont like the drink you _ ju

7、st leave it and try a different one.A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered【答案】A看到D选项，优先判断。发现句子里没有“过去的过去”，排除之。再判断时：不喜欢是“现在”，点饮料是“过去”，因此排除BC。只剩A。 用状态排除错误选项。有的时候，用状态来辅助判断，更容易排除错误选项。特别是在有完成态的题目中。完成态的特点是必须有明确的“截止时间”，或至少有“截止动作”，题目里如果给出了详细的时间状语（或有上下文提示），则一般是用完成态。以下短语常常用于做时间状语，以提示截止时间。So fa

8、r 说明截止时间为“现在”，意味迄今为止in the last + 延续性时间 说明截止时间为“现在”，for + 延续性时间 说明截止时间为“现在”since + 起点时间 说明截止时间为“现在”by next + 终点时间 说明截止时间为“将来”over the last + 延续时间 说明的状态为“从过去某个时间到现在一直都”举例：It is the most instructive lecture that I _ since I came to this school.A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attend

9、ed解析：句意为“自从我到这个学校以来，这是我所听到的最有教育意义的演讲。”since自从以来，为完成态的标志性时间提示词。另，since引导过去时的从句时，主句用现在完成时。选D。在此特别注意，任何情况下要启用“过去时+完成态”，必须要有明确的“过去的过去”的时间提示，否则绝对不可以使用“过去完成时时态。举例：Experiments of this kind _ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. (conduct experiments = 做实验)A. have conducted B. have b

10、een conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted看到CD，先判断是否有“过去的过去”。句意为“就在二战爆发前，美国和欧洲都进行过这种实验。”题干中出现the second war是过去的时间点，conduct这个动作发生在before the second war，很显然是过去的过去。再考虑语态，主语experiment与conduct构成动宾关系，谓语使用被动形式。答案D。这道题最害人的地方，是很多人不知道conduct experiments = 做实验。大家边做题要边注意累积知识。例题：When Alice came to, she

11、 did not know how long she _ there.A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain看到A选项，先找“过去的过去”。“不知道”发生在过去；“躺在这里”发生在“不知道”之前，过去的过去。直接选A。 用动词的语态排除错误选项语态题是最容易和时态混考的题目，因此解题时还应该注意语态，排除错误干扰项。举例：A lot of people often forget that oral exams _ to test our communicative ability. A. design B. ar

12、e designed C. are designing D. are being designed解析：句意为“很多人经常忘记设计口语测试是用来检测我们的交际能力的。” oral exams与design的关系存在着被动，排除AC。本题既非“进行”也非“完成”，故为一般态，选B。举例：In the last few years thousands of films _ all over the world.A.have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced解析：句意为“在过去的几年时间里，全世

13、界制作了成千上万部电影。”先判断语态，电影是被拍出来的，排除AC。再判断态：in the last few years在最近的几年时间里，提示了“从过去到现在”，是完成态的标志。选B，排除D。 学会画时间轴在动词和时间较为复杂的题目中，可使用时间轴辅助解题，特别是遇到“过去的过去”的题型时，往往不提示过去截止时间而只提示过去截止动作，此时要注意使用时间轴辅助解题。举例：She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _ everything!A. had been eating B. had eaten C. have eaten D

14、. have been eating句意为“她惊讶地发现冰箱里空空如也；她的孩子把里面的东西全吃光了！”通过时间轴可以看出，“吃光”这个动作发生在“发现”之前，前一句交代了过去时间，因此选择过去的过去。故选B。 其他技巧：根据上下文，对称解题有一些题目为对称式，这样的题目可绕过以上解题方法，直接判断。I wasnt sure if he was really interested or if he _ polite.A. was just being B. will just be C. had just been D. would just be句意为“我不能确信他是真正感兴趣呢还是仅仅为了

15、表示礼貌。”句前wasnt sure表明说话的起点是过去时，was really interested和was just being polite都是相一致的过去时。答案A。 用动词的数排除错误选项需要注意的是，近年来考察动词的数的题型主谓一致，已经越来越少单独出题，而是常常和时态题混考，解题时如果发现明显的数的变化，也可以优先考虑，排除干扰项。时态练习1. On her next birthday, Ann _ married for twenty years.A. is B. has been C. will be D. will have been2. Im sure you will

16、do better in the test because you _ so hard this year. A. studied B. had studiedC. will study D. have been studying3. When I got on the bus, I _ I had left my wallet at home.A. was realizing B. realized C. have realized D. would realize4. I hear you _ in a pub. Whats it like? Well, its very hard wor

17、k and Im always tired, but I dont mind.A. are working B. will work C. were working D. will be working5. Tommy is planning to buy a car. I know. By next month, he _ enough for a used one. A. saves B .saved C. will save D. will have saved6. Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks fo

18、r the aid they _ from China.A. receive B. are receiving C. have received D. had received7. Planning so far ahead _ no senseso many things will have changed by next year. (make no sense = 毫无意义)A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made8. All visitors to this village _ with kindness.A. treat B. are tre

19、ated C. are treating D. had been treated9. What a mistake! Yes. I _ his doing it another way, but without success.A. was suggesting B. will suggest C. would suggest D. had suggested10. That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who _ the piano upstairs?A. has played B. played C. plays D. is playing1

20、1. Look at the pride on Toms face. He _ to have been praised by the manager just now.A. seemed B. seems C. had seemed D. is seeming12. His first novel _ good reviews since it came out last month. A. receives B. is receiving C. will receive D. has received13. John, what _ in your hand? Look! Its a bi

21、rthday gift for my grandma.A had you held B are you holding C do you hold D will you hold14. In 1492, Columbus _ on one of the Bahama islands, but he mistook it for an island off India.A. lands B. landed C. has landed D.had landed15. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _ by sce

22、ntists.A. are making B. are made C. will make D. will be made16. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son _ from college.A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduating D. had graduated17. We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody _ into the office during the night.A

23、. broke B. had broken C. has broken D. was breaking18. The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed19. Why werent you at the meeting? I _ for a long distance call from my sister in America.A. was waited B. was waiting C. has waited D. have

24、 been waiting20. Sadam, the former president of Iraq, was caught at last. Really? Where _ himself?A. has he hidden B. had he hidden C. was he hidden D. has he been hiding21. Cathie came home happily, which suggested that she _ the final exam.A. had passed B. pass C. would pass D. would have passed22

25、. Guess what, weve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer. How nice! You _ a different culture then.A. will be experiencing B. have experienced C. have been experiencing D. will have experienced句子解析1. On her next birthday, Ann _ married for twenty years.A. is B. has been C. will

26、be D. will have been【答案】D句意为“等到下次生日的时候，Ann结婚有二十年了。”判断时：her next birthday是将来的时间，排除AB。判断态：时间状语for twenty years提示了截止时间，用完成态。排除C。2. Im sure you will do better in the test because you _ so hard this year. A. studied B. had studiedC. will study D. have been studying【答案】D句意为“我确信你将在这次考试中取得更好的成绩，因为这一年里你一直用功学

27、习。”先看到B选项，先找过去的过去。本题显然无此关系，排除B再判断时：你这一年学习很用功，“学习用功”这个动作的起点是过去，排除C（D虽然是现在时，但是完成态的特点是，动作的起始点在过去，故不能排除）。最后判断态：A是“过去时+一般态”，隐含有“过去是，现在不是”的含义。过去学习努力，现在不努力，如何在考试中do better？显然不符合意思。而时间状语this year，则提示了应该使用完成进行态。这题比较难，考察了“完成进行态”，是一个不太好理解的知识点。如有疑问，可加群301806897讨论。3. When I got on the bus, I _ I had left my wall

28、et at home.A. was realizing B. realized C. have realized D. would realize【答案】B判断时：本题的时不好判断，因为ABCD四个选项，都和过去时有关。但是可以排除D，因为过去将来时通常不存在于主句中。判断态：A是进行态，不适合realizing这个短暂性动词；C是完成态，由于不存在时间状语提示完成态，故排除之。选B这题有点难度哦。4. I hear you _ in a pub. Whats it like? Well, its very hard work and Im always tired, but I dont m

29、ind.A.are working B.will work C.were working D.will be working【答案】A判断时：第二句话使用了现在时，故判断在酒吧工作这件事是现在正在发生的事情，BCD。5. Tommy is planning to buy a car. I know. By next month, he _ enough for a used one. A. saves B .saved C.will save D. will have saved【答案】Dby next month是将来时+完成时的标志性时间状语。6. Last month, the Japa

30、nese government expressed their thanks for the aid they _ from China.A.receive B.are receiving C.have received D.had received【答案】D【解析】过去的过去（请自己画画时间轴）。expressed是过去时，接受中国的援助发生在expressed之前，是过去的过去，故用过去完成时。选D。7. Planning so far ahead _ no senseso many things will have changed by next year. (make no sense = 毫无意义)A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made【答案】C这是陈述一般性的事实，可直接判断用C。你可以可以通过其他方法判断。判断时：本题没有提到任何过去的事情，排除AD判断态：本题不是进行态（也无进行态提示词），排除B8. All visitors to this village _ with kindness.A. trea