初中英语语法大全代词.docx

1、初中英语语法大全代词初中英语语法大全代词代词是代替名词或起名词作用的词，短语，分句或句子，因此，代词的使用必须和它所代替的词在人称、数和格上保持一致。代词本身的词义很弱，必须通过上下文来确定。大多数代词具有指代和修饰的功能。在英语中代词的使用极为广泛。正确运用代词可以使句子简洁、明快，但是如果使用不当也容易产生意义理解上的偏差。出题点: (1)人称代词的格 (2) it用作形式主语、形式宾语 (3) it的特殊用法一.人称代词1. 人称代词的分类人称代词是表示我们，你们，他们，她们，它们的词。人称代词不仅指人，也可指物。有人称(第一，第二，第三人称)，数(单数，复数)和格(主格、宾格)之分。各

2、种人称代词如下表所示。人称单数复数第一人称主格宾格主格宾格Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheherititI meant to come on time, but was held up.Margaret has studied ballet since she was a child.Tell him to call back a little later.2. 人称代词的句法功能(1) 作主语人称代词作主语时用主格Look at the girl in the red skirt. She is my new classmate.I ca

3、nt say much for what you have done.(2) 作宾语作动词和介词的宾语时用宾格Peter is my best friend.He often helps me with science.Its a good habit of mood to read a few lines before going to bed.(3) 作表语作表语时用主格，但在口语中常用宾格Who is knocking at the door？ Its me/ I.I saw at once it was her.(4) 作同位语Two students, he and I, was s

4、ent to buy some food and drink for the picnic.The dinner was cooked by us girls.三. 人称代词的用法(1) I, we和you的用法we是I的复数形式。you既可以是第二人称单数，也可以是第二人称复数。I want to be a doctor when I grow up.Would you like a cup of tea?Boys and girls, you may go now.(2) we, you, they和he的用法we, you和they都可以泛指复数人们，在翻译成汉语时，一般不直接译为我们，

5、你们，他们，单数用he。We never know the worth of water until the well is dry.They say that everyone can make mistakes.He who laughs last laughs best.A. he指男性或雄性动物，she指女性或雌性动物。John waited a while but at last he went home.It was she who cleaned the classroom yesterday.B. she可以用来代表国家，大地，月亮，车辆，船只等。China will alwa

6、ys do what she promises to do.My car is an old one, but she is very beautiful.Titanic was the greatest of the time but she sank down to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.C. 在寓言故事中，温柔的动物常用she代替，凶猛、粗野的动物常用he代替。The fierce tiger came at the monkey, but he missed her.The elephant is very large in size and

7、 hes very strong.(4) 并列人称的用法A. 单数场合的排列顺序为: you+he/she+I口诀记忆人称代词的使用顺序人称代词并列现，尊重他人礼当先;单数人称二三一，复数人称一二三;若把错误责任担，第一人称我靠前; 人在动物的前面，男市位于女士前。You, she and me all enjoy music.You, Tom and I will go to Canada next month.B. 负数场合的排列顺序为: we+you+theyWe, you and they are to spare no effort to finish this work.We, y

8、ou and they are all Chinese.C. 男女两性并列时，其顺序为: he+sheHe and she dont agree with me.He and she are a couple, arent they?D. 若是做错事承担责任时，通常把第一人称放在第一位。- Who broke the window? - I and he.(5) it的用法A. 可用来代替上文提到过的事物What do you think of the movie by Zhao Wei? Terrific. I like it very much.You have saved my life

9、; I shall never forget it.B. 用来指代时间、地点、距离、天气、温度等Its seven oclock now.Its about five minutes walk from my school to the park.Its often rains in Nanjing in April.C. 用来指代婴儿和不知身份，性别的人Who is dancing in the classroom? It must be Lily.The baby is crying. It might be hungry.D. 做形式主语或形式宾语it可以代替不定式，动名词，从句等做形式

10、主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语和宾语置于句末。Its hard work keeping the grass green at this time of year.Did you find it very interesting to play volleyball?二.物主代词出题点: (1) 名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的用法 (2) 物主代词和双重所有格的混合考察物主代词是表示所有关系的代词是人称代词的属格形式。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，有人称和数的变化。1. 物主代词的分类人称单数复数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称mymin

11、eourours第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称hishistheirtheirsherhersititsExcuse me, is this your iPad mini? - No, it isnt. Mine is at home.Our classroom is on the second floor and theirs is on the third floor.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别(1) 形容词性物主代词，相当于形容词，置于名词之前，不可以单独使用。(2) 名词性物主代词，相当于名词，不能用于名词前，可单独使用。2. 物主代词的用法(1) 形

12、容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，只能置于名词前作定语。Their room is on the third floor.The students are helping the old man clean his house now.(2) 名词性物主代词名词性物主代词，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，其后不能接名词，句法功能与名词相同。May I use your pen? Yours works better.If you dont have a dictionary on hand, you may use mine.出题点: (1) 反身代词的用法 (2) 常见的还有反身

13、代词的固定短语三. 反身代词表示动作回执到其执行者本身，用以加强语气，意为我(们)自己，你(们)自己，他/她/它(们)自己的代词称为反身代词。反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、数和性别上保持一致。1. 反身代词的种类数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself/herself/itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2. 反身代词的句法功能反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称和数上保持一致，可在句中作宾语、表语、同位语。(1) 作宾语反身代词作动词的宾语，表示动作的承受者，就是动作的执行者，也可用

14、在介词后作宾语，与句子主语互指。Boys, dont lose yourselves in playing. Its bad for your eyes to play computer games for long time.Very important for us to learn how to learn by ourselves.(2) 作表语在be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语，表示身体和精神所处的状态。After a few days of rest, He was more himself again.He doesnt seem himself toda

15、y.(3) 作同位语作宾语和主语的同位语，起加强语气的作用，表示“亲自、本身、本人”。The story itself is good, only he did not tell it well.I spoke to the headmaster himself.3. 反身代词的用法(1) 反身代词用来加强语气反身代词，用于强调时经常作主语或者宾语的同位语，一般位于所强调的名词或代词后面，如果不影响理解，作同位语的反身代词的位置也可以灵活处理，此时反身代词一般要重读。(2) 反身代词用于固定搭配中反身代词与某些动词或介词搭配构成固定短语，表示特殊意义。含反身代词的常用的固定搭配有:enjoy

16、yourself 玩的愉快 help oneself to 随便吃/喝 dress oneself 自己穿衣 come to oneself 恢复知觉 for oneself 亲自 learn by oneself 自学 teach oneself 自学 talk to oneself 自言自语e.g: Think for yourself, and you will get the answer.You should not leave the child by himself at home.We dont need to call him. He will wake up of hims

17、elf.四. 相互代词出题点: (1) each other和 one another 的用法 (2) each other和one another的所有格相互代词表示相互关系的代词。主要有each other和one another, 意为“相互，互相”。each other 主要用于两者之间，one another要用于三者或三者以上。在现代英语中，each other也可以用于三者或三者以上之间。其用法如下:1. 相互代词作宾语(1) 相互代词作动词的宾语We often help each other/ one another when we are in trouble.We beg

18、an to blame each other/ one another.(2) 相互代词作介词的宾语He put all his books beside each other/ one another.After the match, the two players shook hands with each other/ one another.2. 相互代词作定语相互代词的所有格用作定语，表示所属关系。We said hello to one anothers/ each others family.We usually meet in one anothers house.出题点: t

19、hat用作替代词与one, it的用法区别五. 指示代词指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词，表示这个/些，那个/些。常用的指示代词有this, that, these, those。指示代词的用法如下:指示代词近指远指单数复数thisthatthesethose1. 指示代词的基本用法(1) this/ these表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物。that/ those表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物。This is my new pen pal.I like these flowers very much.That is a lovely boy.In those days the wo

20、rkers had a hard time.(2) that还可以指上文提到的事物，this指下文中将要提到的事物。I had a bad cold. That was why I didnt go to school.Please remember this: No pains, No gains.(3) 打电话时，常用this指自己，that指对方。This is Allen. Whos that speaking?Hello, this is Mary. Whos that? This is Tom.2. that和those作替代词的用法为了避免重复，that可指代前面提到的单数可数名

21、词和不可数名词，those可代替复数可数可数名词，其后总有修饰。In summer in Beijing is cooler than that in Shanghai.Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.六. 不定代词出题点: (1) some和any的用法 (2) many和much的用法 (3) few, a few, little, a little的用法 (4) one, it和that的用法区别 (5) other(s)和the other(s)的用法区别 (6) no

22、ne, no one, neither, either的用法区别不明确指代某个人，某个事物，某些人，某些事物的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词用法比较复杂，在掌握各个不定代词的用法时有必要把意义相近，用法不同的不定代词进行比较。不定代词分为两大类，即普通不定代词和复合不定代词。不定代词基本用法allsomeany(1) 用作形容词，其后跟不可数名词和复数可数名词。(2) 用作代词，可单独使用，也可跟“of+不可数名词和复数可数名词”。both(a)fewmany (1) 用作形容词，其后跟复数可数名词。(2) 用作代词，其后可跟“of+复数可数名词”，也可单用。(a) littlemuch(1) 用

23、作形容词，其后跟复数可数名词。(2) 用作代词，其后可跟“of+复数可数名词”，也可单用。eacheitherneither(1) 用作形容词，其后可跟单数可数名词。(2) 用作代词，其后可跟“of+复数名词”，也可单用。another other用作形容词，前者与单数可数名词连用，而后者可跟单数可数名词或复数名词，两者都可以与“数字+复数可数名词”或one连用。none只用作代词，代替可数或不可数名词，其后可用“of+ 复数可数名词或不可数名词”。everyno只用作形容词，作定语。复合不定代词这类代词之后通常不跟of短语，但其后可跟形容词作后置定语。由-body和-one构成的复合代词之后

24、可跟else，而且可用所有格(-s)形式。1. some, any(1) 表示“一些”时，some和any既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。一般来说，some常用于肯定句中，而any常用于否定句和疑问句中。He asked for tea, so I gave him some.There is not any water in the bottle.Is there any reason for changing the plan?(2) some用于疑问句时，表建议请求，邀请等，并希望得到对方的肯定回答。Would you buy me some stamps when you p

25、ass the post office?Can I have some coffee with sugar?(3) any用于肯定句时，表示任何的，任何一个。If you have any questions, please put up your hand.The medical is on sale everywhere.You can get it at any chemists.(4) “some/any of+ .”结构作主语时，谓语动词单复数需要根据of后面的名词单复数而定。Some of the food has gone sugar.Some of the teachers a

26、greed to go there by bus.2. all, both(1) all和both都意为“都”。all指三者或三者以上的人或物; both则指两个人或物。They were only two paintings for sale and he bought both.We should protect the beautiful flowers on both sides of the street.All of them have now become writers.All was quiet in the street outside.Both men and women

27、 are not of the same character.(2) all, both作主语的同位语时，应位于实义动词之前，系动词、助动词或情态动词之后。My parents both like coffee very much.Janes kids are both beautiful and clever.You should all hand in your VIP cards.3. one(1) 可以用来代替单数可数名词，表示泛指意义；ones用来代替复数可数名词。Ive been looking for map but I cant find one.There are twent

28、y old tables in our classroom. Our teacher wants to buy ten new ones.(2) 可只带不特定的人，表示“人，一个人，人们”。One should do his best at all times.One should take care of himself.(3) one可以和the, this, that, these, those等词连用，表示特指的某些人或某些物，也可以用形容词来修饰。I dont like that cell phone, the one you just showed me.I have an old

29、 bike and she has a new one.(4) one, it和that的区别one可指代单数可数名词，指上文出现过的同一类事物。替代同一类人或事物时，其前面必须有如the, some, all等限定词，同一类人或事物的复数用ones。it可代替单数可数词，指同一个，不能带任何修饰语。that可代替前面提到过的单数可数名词或者不可数名词，他表示同一类而不是同一个，其后面常带有修饰语。Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?I cant find my hat, I dont know where I put it.Th

30、e population of China is larger than that in India.4. either，neitherneither和either的相同用法说明either/neither+谓语动词用作主语时，谓语通常用单数形式，但在非正式文体中，特别是当其后跟有复数名词，代词或用在否定句中时常常用复数形式的谓语either/neither+单数可数名词名词之前不加冠词，物主代词，指示代词或名词所有格either/neither+of+复数人称代词宾语of不能省去either/neither+of+定冠词/物主代词/指示代词/名词所有格+复数可数名词用作代词，表示在两者之间选择，其后常用“of+复数可数名词”，名词前的冠词等不能省去(1) either表示“两者中的任何一个”，做主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式，起其后可接of短语。You can come on Saturday or Sunday. Either is OK for me.We cant care much for what to eat. Either of the two will do.(2) neither 表示“两