电力系统专业词汇教学内容.docx

1、电力系统专业词汇教学内容在大学生对DIY手工艺品价位调查中，发现有46% 的女生认为在十元以下的价位是可以接受；48% 的认为在10-15元；6% 的则认为50-100元能接受。如图1-2所示加拿大公司就是根据年轻女性要充分展现自己个性的需求，将世界各地的珠类饰品汇集于“碧芝自制饰品店”内，由消费者自选、自组、自制，这样就能在每个消费者亲手制作、充分发挥她们的艺术想像力的基础上，创作出作品，达到展现个性的效果。据调查统计在对大学生进行店铺经营风格所考虑的因素问题调查中，发现有50%人选择了价格便宜些，有28%人选择服务热情些，有30%人选择店面装潢有个性，只有14%人选择新颖多样。如图（1-5

2、）所示图1-1大学生月生活费分布随着社会经济、文化的飞跃发展，人们正从温饱型步入小康型，崇尚人性和时尚，不断塑造个性和魅力的现代文化价值观念，已成为人们的追求目标。因此，顺应时代的饰品文化显示出强大的发展势头和越来越广的市场，从事饰品销售是有着广阔的市场空间。（1）位置的优越性还有一点就是公司在“碧芝自制饰品店”内设立了一个完全的弹性价格空间：选择饰珠的种类和多少是由顾客自己掌握，所以消费者可以根据自己的消费能力进行取舍；此外由于是顾客自己制作，所以从原料到成品的附加值就可以自己享用。4、“体验化” 消费与此同时，上海市工商行政管理局也对大学生创业采取了政策倾斜：凡高校毕业生从事个体经营的，自

3、批准经营日起，年内免交登记注册费、个体户管理费、集贸市场管理费、经济合同鉴证费、经济合同示范文本工本费等，但此项优惠不适用于建筑、娱乐和广告等行业。4、“体验化” 消费电力专业术语英汉对照表sudden loss of a generator or transmission line. 突然损失发电机或线路sudden load increases or decreases负荷突然增加或减少short circuits and switching operations. 短路和开关操作three-phase and line-to-ground faults三相和对地短路circuit bre

4、aker短路器 transient overvoltages and currents暂态过电压和电流lightning strikes雷击surge arrester电涌放电器phasor相量instantaneous power瞬时功率A sinusoidal voltage or current at constant frequency正弦电压或电流maximum value最大值effective value有效值average value平均值real axis坐标系实轴imaginary axis坐标系虚轴phasor diagram for相量图passive elements

5、无源元件resistor电阻inductor电感capacitor电容reactance电抗inductive感性capacitive容性real power or active power有功功率reactive power无功功率power factor功率因数power factor angle功率因数角The physical significance of 物理意义be in phase with 与同相位As indicated by (2.1), 如式（2.1）所示The current lags（leads） the voltage by 90落后(超前)多少相位.sinuso

6、idal-steady-state正弦稳态让ab，得到：Letting a=b givesBy convention, the power factor cos(a-b) is positive按照惯例（通常）.a time interval T. Example: The total energy absorbed by a load during a time interval时间区间rating. 定值 power rating额定功率power rating of electric generator；发电机额定功率voltage rating. 额定电压Kirchhoffs curr

7、ent(voltage) law基尔霍夫电流（电压）方程nodal equations节点方程admittance matrix导纳矩阵column vector of N bus voltages有N个节点电压构成的列相量diagonal elements对角元素off-diagonal elements非对角元self-admittance; driving-point admittance自导纳mutual admittance; transfer admittance互导纳The US blackout on 14 August, 2003美国8.14大停电The blackout w

8、ill have huge technical and organizational consequences for the US power industry对将产生深远影响The existing local reactive power sources were not able to support the voltages. 当地仅存的无功电源无法维持电压trip(tripped) the lines. 切除线路Power system stability refers to the ability of synchronous machines to move from one

9、steady-state operating point following a disturbance to another steady-stateoperating point, without losing synchronism. 电力系统稳定是指nominal values额定值loss of generation, line-switching operations, faults, sudden load changes故障类型EMS=Energy Management System能量管理系统DMS=Distribution Management System配电网络管理系统

10、SCADA=Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition 监管控制与数据采集（调度自动化系统）AGC=Automatic Generation Control自动发电控制LFC=Load Frequency Control负荷频率控制EDC=Economic load Dispatching Control 经济调度负荷控制RTU=Remote Terminal Unit远程终端单元（远动分站）MMI=Men Machine Interface人机交互界面（在屏幕上进行监视与操作、控制）CRT=Cathode Ray Type阴极射线显示（显像管监视器）LC

11、=Load Control负荷控制AM/FM=Automated Mapping and Facilities Management自动绘图与设备管理DSM=Demand Side Management需求端管理TOU=Time Of Use使用时间（次数）GEM=Generation Efficiency Management发电功效管理MIS=Management Information System信息管理系统OS=Operation System操作系统DTS=Dispatcher Training Simulator调度员培训系统EMP=Energy Management Platf

12、orm能量管理平台FAT=Factory Acceptance Test工厂验收试验SAT=on Site Acceptance Test现场验收试验RTGEN=Real Time Generation Control实时发电控制RTNET=Real Time NETwork state analysis实时网络状态分析FM=Facilities Management设备管理GIS=Geographic information System地理信息系统IEEE=The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 电气电子工程学会POSIX=

13、Portable Operating System Interface Standard Portable操作系统标准MIT=Massachusetls Institute of Technology麻省理技术学院OSF=Open System Foundation开放式系统基础ANSI=American National Standards Institute北美标准协会TCP/IP=Transaction Control Protocal/ Internet Protocal 传输控制协议与互联网协议SQL=Structured Query Language结构查询语言LAN=Local

14、Area Network局域网络EPRI=Electric Power Research Institute电力研究（科学）院MMI=Man-Machine Interactive人机交互界面MMC=Man-Machine Communication人机交互通讯PHIGS=Programmers Hierachical Interactive Graphics System 分级式程序员交互图形系统LTU=Local Terminal Unit负荷终端单元SOE=Sequence Of Event recording 事件记录顺序记忆PDR=Post Disturbance Review提示扰

15、动（故障）记忆AFC=Automatic Frequency Control 自动频率控制ACE=Area Control Error区域控制误差 PLC=Plant Controler 工厂控制TBC=Tie line Bias Control联络线（功率）偏差控制CFC=Constant Frequency Control恒定频控制CNIC=Constant Net Interchange Control 既定网络交换控制NERC=North American Electric Reliability Council 北美电力可靠性联合会LDC=Load Duration Curve负荷变

16、化曲线ELDC=Equivalent Load Duration Curve 等效负荷变化曲线OPF=Optimal Power Flow 最优潮流GRG=Generalized Reduced Gradient 函数化简梯度AVR=Automatic Voltage Regulation自动电压调整REI=Radial Equivalent Independent REI等值（辐射状等值独立电源发）ZPBN=Zero Power Balance Network零功率平衡网络（无交换功率网络）OMG=Object Management Group目标管理集合CORBA=Common Objec

17、t Request Broker Architecture公共目标请求对象体系IDI=Interface Definition Language界面定义语言API=Application Programming Interface 应用程序界面ORB=Object Request Broker目标请求对象armature电枢（电机的部件）field场，范围pole pair杆对, 极对mmf=Magnetic Motive Force 磁动势quadrature90 度相移direct and quadrature axesd和q轴magnetic circuit磁路Per unit repr

18、esentation每个机组的表示法Stator定子, 固定片Rotor转子flux linkage磁链torque转矩phasor representation矢量表示法,magnetic saturation磁(性)饱和open circuit电断路swing摆动、摇摆inertia惯性constant常数large-scale大规模的amortisseur阻尼器reactive电抗的capability可能输出功率natural固有的surge冲花transfer传递,转移loadability载荷能力,载荷率induction motor感应电动机steady-state稳态appro

19、ach趋近,近似法excitation励磁underexcite欠励磁, 励磁不足limiter限制器overexcitation过激励, 超激磁subtransient次暂态phase-shifting transformer移相变压器field-shorting励磁短路prime mover原动机energy supply供电hydraulic turbine水轮机governing控制，管理，调节turbine汽轮机、涡轮机inelastic非弹性的governor蒂器thermal热的off-frequency越限频率fossil-fuelled energy systems燃气能量系

20、统converter变换机valve阀, 活门blocking闭塞harmonics谐波ratio比fault故障composite复合的underfrequency低于额定频率,频率过低shunt并联series串联Underfrequency load shedding低频减载Interarea oscillation基面（主面）振荡AC relay交流继电器Abnormal information 异常信息abnormal load不规则负荷absorption capacitor吸收电容器active load有功负荷active loss有功损耗active power有功activ

21、e power balance有功电力平衡Adaptive control自适应控制Air conditioning loads空调负荷Alert state 警戒状态alternating current交流alternating current commentator motor交流换向器电动机alternating field交变场Analytical solution 解析法angle stability功角稳定Angular velocity角频率asynchronous异步的Asynchronous Motor异步电机Asynchronous operation of a sync

22、hronous machine同步电机异步运行ABC Automatic bias compensation 自动偏压补偿automatic field-suppressing自动灭磁Automatic generator control自动发电控制Automatic supervision function自检功能Automatic voltage regulator自动电压调节器recloser自动重合闸Available transfer capability可传输能力Backbone主网架Backup protection后备保护Base load set基本负荷机组basic the

23、ory of circuitry电路基本理论blackout停电Brittle, fragile脆弱Bulk power system大型电力系统bulk transmission system大容量输电系统Bundled conductor分裂导线bus bar母线Cable电缆Capability curves 运行极限图cascading failure连锁故障condenser调相机Conditional stability of a power system电力系统条件稳定性Constant active power load恒功率负荷Constant energy load恒能量负

24、荷Contingency screening and ranking事故筛选与排序continuous current generator直流发电机conversion equipmen换流设备Converter整流器copper loss铜耗Corona电晕critical clearing time极限切除时间Critical voltage临界电压curve fitting曲线拟合Customer power定制电力daily load curves日负荷曲线damping阻尼DC converter直流换流器degree of compensation补偿度destabilizing

25、perturbation不稳定扰动digital sampling control数字采样控制DC Direct current直流direct current transmission直流输电Distribution network配电网Distribution voltage regulator 配电电压调整Disturbance扰动Dynamic analysis method动态分析方法dynamic reactive power compensation动态无功补偿Dynamic simulation动态仿真dynamic stability动态稳定DVR Dynamic volta

26、ge restorer动态电压恢复器earth fault接地故障Economic loading schedule经济承载计划Effective short circuit ratio有效短路比electric apparatus电气设备，电气装置，；电机；电器electric drive电力传动electrical braking电气制动Electrical islanding电器孤岛electronic commutation电子换向，电子整流emergency state紧急状态EMS energy management system能量管理系统Epoch angle初相角equal

27、incremental cost rule等微增率准则equal-area criterion等面积定则Equilibrium平衡Equilibrium point平衡点equivalent circuit等值电路equivalent network等值电网excitation励磁excitation control励磁控制Fast fault clearing快速故障切除装置Fault clearance time故障清除时间Fault location故障定位Ferror-resonance铁磁谐振field regulator励磁调节器Filter滤波器fixed series capa

28、citor compensation固定串联电容补偿flexibility灵活性FACTS Flexible AC transmission system柔性交流输电Frequency drift频率漂移frequency response characteristics频率特性Fundamental frequency temporary voltage基频短时过电压fuzzy identification模糊识别generation capacity装机容量generation mix多能源发电Generation schedule发电计划Generation shedding切机Gene

29、rator capability curve发电机运行极限图Generator Q-V curve发电机Q-V曲线generator terminal机端generator tripping切机Governor power flow调速器潮流harmonic谐波harmonic distortion谐波畸变High pass filter高通滤波器High performance excitation system高性能励磁系统high voltage shunt reactor高抗High-side voltage control高压侧电压控制Hunting of interconnecte

30、d synchronous machines并联同步电机振荡hydro generation水力发电厂Induction motor感应电动机Inherent stability of a power system电力系统固有稳定性Initial mechanical power初始机械转矩In-phase (voltage)control纵向电压调节instability criterion不稳定性判据installed capacity装机容量Insulation fault绝缘故障intangible depreciation无形损耗integrated system综合系统interc

31、onnected systems互联系统internal combustion内燃机Interrupt开断Inverter逆变站Inverter control逆变器控制iron loss铁耗isolator刀闸（隔离开关）LDC line drop compensation线路补偿器Line Commutation电网换流Line drop compensation线路压降补偿Load characteristic负荷特性load curve负荷曲线load disconnection切负荷Load diversity负荷不同时性Load dynamics负荷动态Load factor负荷率load forecast