最新届高考英语语法精品学案专题四 形容词与副词.docx

1、最新届高考英语语法精品学案专题四 形容词与副词形容词与副词是高考考查的热点，高考英语中单项填空、完形填空、书面表达，任何一项题目中都有可能涉及形容词等级、辨析和在句中的位置。关于形容词与副词这一考点，主要考查以下几个方面：在具体的语境中考查形容词词义辨析；考查形容词作状语；考查比较级的用法尤其是隐性比较；考查一些习语搭配；与形容词同形的副词和形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别；多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序等。 一、形容词、副词的主要功能1 形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和补语，但有时也作状语，表示伴随、原因等。如： We find the boy considerate. (宾补) He walke

2、d in the snow, cold and hungry. (伴随状语) Afraid of difficulties, they took the easy road. (原因状语)2 副词作状语主要是用作修饰性状语、评注性状语及连接性状语。其中后两种状语是现在考查的重点。如： He spoke English fairly fluently. (修饰性状语) Fortunately, none of them was hurt. (评注性状语) His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind.

3、(连接性状语) 注意：(1) 形容词作状语是形容主语的性质，而副词作状语则修饰动词。如： He walked home slowly. 他慢慢地步行回家了。 He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他到家时又累又饿。(2) 有些副词像fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally 等作评注性状语往往修饰整个句子，对整个句子进行说明或解释，表示说话人对话语的态度与看法。通常位于句首，常用逗号与句子分开。如： Surprisingly, no one in the class cou

4、ld work out the problem. Personally, I dont think he will interview you. (3) 还有些副词起连接作用，使前后句构成某种逻辑上的衔接。常见的有： 意义 例词 表示列举和顺序 first(ly)，second(ly), then, next, finally, last 表示意义增补和引申 also，besides，furthermore，moreover 表示意义等同 equally, similarly 表示结果 therefore, thus, consequently 表示换个说法 rather, alternati

5、vely 表示意义转折 instead，though, yet, however 表示让步 anyhow, anyway 表示时间过度 meanwhile, meantime I am wrong. Similarly, you are to blame. 我错了。同样地，你也该受到谴责。 Seize the chance. Otherwise youll regret it. 抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。 They are enjoying themselves. (Or) Rather, they appear to be enjoying themselves. 他们正玩得很开心，更精

6、确地说，他们好像正玩得很开心。 He forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the program. 他忘了打开收音机， 因此错过了那个节目。 It may snow, but anyhow I will go to town. 可能下雪，但我无论如何要进城。He said he would come; he didnt, though. 他说他要来，可是并没有来。 Mother went shopping; meanwhile, I cleaned the house. 母亲去买东西；我打扫屋子。二、形容词的位置1 形容词作定语通常前置，但在

7、下列情况后置：(1) 形容词短语作定语，定语后置。如： a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high(2) 表语形容词(alike，alone，asleep，awake，alive等)作定语，定语后置。如：a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词，如：well，faint，ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill若作定语意为“bad”。(3) 用作定语，修饰由不定代词one，any，some和every构成的复合词，如anything，something等时，通常后置。如： I ha

8、ve something important to tell you. (4) else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。2 多个形容词及限定词等修饰同一个名词的顺序： 限定词 数词形容词 名词冠词前的形容词 冠词、指示代词、名词所有格等 序数词 基数词 性质状态 大小长短形状颜色国籍出版材料质地作用类别all both suchthea this another yourfirst nextone fourbeautiful good poorlarge short squarenew oldChinese easternsilk stonemedical writinga beautif

9、ul small round old yellow French wooden study room 口诀巧记：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。(1) The husband gave his wife _ every month in order to please her. Aincome all his Bhis all income Chis income all Dall his income 【解析】 D考查多个限定词的词序。all前位限定； his中位限定。(2) The _ house smells as if it hasnt been liv

10、ed in for years. Alittle white wooden Blittle wooden white Cwhite wooden little Dwooden white little 【解析】 A考查多个形容词修饰同一中心词的词序： 大小 颜色 材料。三、副词的分类 英语里的副词分为9类：时间、地点、方式、频率、程度、连接、关系、疑问和句子副词。常见的有：1 时间副词 常见的时间副词有now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early, today, tomorrow, yesterday

11、, tonight, suddenly, immediately，already, just 等。2 地点副词 常见的地点副词有here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs 等。3 频率副词 频率副词表示动作发生的次数，常见的有ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually, continually,

12、always 等。4 程度副词 程度副词用于表示程度，常见的有 fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。5 连接副词 常见的连接副词有therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover，thus, meanwhile, when, why, where, how 等。6 句子副词 句子副词用于修饰句子(而不是修饰某个单词)，反映

13、说话人的观点和看法，如 actually, certainly, clearly, definitely, evidently, fortunately, frankly, honestly, luckily, obviously, perhaps, possibly, probably, surely, undoubtedly, unexpectedly 等。四、兼有两种形式的副词 有些副词有两种形式，一种形式是在形容词后加ly，另一种形式同该形容词，即“形、副同形”，但其意义有很大差别， 这类词主要有：1 不加ly表示具体概念，加ly表示抽象概念或用于比喻意义。 high空间高度 The

14、plane was flying high. highly高度地，非常地 I think highly of your opinion. 注意短语：aim high 心怀大志，志向高远 deep空间深度 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. deeply深深地 Even father was deeply moved by the film. 注意搭配：deep into the night到深夜 wide空间宽度 He opened the door wide. widely广泛地，普遍地 English is widely used in the w

15、orld. 注意短语：be wide awake 完全清醒 close 接近地，紧紧地 He is sitting close to me. closely 仔细地，严密地 Watch him closely. 2两种形式，词义差别较大late晚，迟 You have come too late. lately 最近What have you been doing lately(recently)？free免费You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.freely 自由地You may speak freely； say what

16、you like.most 很，非常，最 He is most kind to me. mostly 主要地，大部分 She is mostly at home on Sundays.hard 努力地 Think harder. hardly 几乎不，简直不 I can hardly understand you. 专题四 正面解读五、形容词和副词比较等级的基本句型1 asadj./adv.原级as not as/ soadj./adv.原级as 注意：当asas 中间有名词时采用以下格式。 This is as good an example as the other is. This is

17、 an example as good as the other is. 2 adj./adv.比较级than You are taller than I. 注意： 比较级后面跟有名词时，有时需要加适当的冠词。 Tom is the taller of the two brothers. I have never read a better story. 3 the 最高级 of/ among 同类名词/ in 范围、地点等名词/定语从句(have ever) This cake is the most delicious of all/ in the shop/ I have ever ha

18、d. 注意：(1) 当没有比较的范围时，most表示非常，相当于very，此时没有比较概念。 Steel is most useful / a most useful material in industry. (2) “否定词语比较级”，“否定词语 soas”结构表示最高级含义。 Nothing is so easy as this. Nothing is easier than this. This is the easiest thing. We couldnt feel better. 4 the 比较级， the比较级越，越 The more practice you do, the

19、 fewer mistakes you will make. 5 比较级 and比较级 越来越 The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 六、比较级和最高级的修饰词1 almost, exactly, just, quite, nearly, half, twice 等词可以用来修饰asas结构。2 much, many(只能在比较级后是可数名词复数时使用)，far, by far, a lot, a great deal, rather, a bit, a little, even, still, yet，no, twice等词可以修饰more th

20、an比较级。3 by far, almost, nearly, much，first等词可以修饰最高级。 This problem is exactly as important as that one. Mike is much / a lot/ far/ a little stronger than John. He has much more money than me but I have many more books than him. My father is two inches taller than me/ taller than me by two inches. Tod

21、ay is even/ still/ yet colder. I cant go any farther.I can go no farther. This hat is by far the biggest. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 七、表达倍数的常用句型结构1 A is three/fourtimes the size/height/length/widthof B或The size/height/length/width of A is three/fourtimes that of如： The new

22、ly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。 2 A is three/fourtimes as big/high/long/wideas B如： This tree is three times as tall as that one. 这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。3 A is three/fourtimes bigger/higher/longer/widerthan B如： The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive

23、than that one. 这本字典比那本恰好贵5倍。 注意：用times表示倍数时，一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的数，表示两倍常用twice或double。八、特殊结构和固定搭配 形容词和副词有许多特殊结构和固定搭配，归纳与考点有密切联系的部分如下：1 tooto句型的两个意义(1) 表示否定意义，意为“太而不能”。如： This question is too hard for me to understand. 这个问题太难，我理解不了。 The flower is too beautiful to last. 花太美，难经久。(2) 表示肯定意义，意为“非常，很，极”。当too后面接ea

24、sy, ready, eager, willing, thankful, delighted等形容词时，too表示“很，非常”之意，与very表达“很”的意思相同。当too前有all, but, only等词时，形成only too/all tooto do结构，仍旧表达“非常，很，极”之意。如：Im too glad to hear the news. 听到这个消息我非常高兴。 Hes only too pleased to pick her up. 他非常高兴去接她。 They are but too glad to see me. 他们非常高兴来看我。2 A is to B what C

25、 is to D. 意为“A对于B就如C对于D。”如： Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals. 发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。3 than的习惯短语(1) more than意为“超过，多于；十分，非常；不仅仅”。如： I was more than surprised at his sudden arrival. 对他的突然到来我非常吃惊。(2) morethan意为“与其不如”。如： He was more frightened than hurt. 与其说他受到伤害不如说他受到了惊吓。(3) rather than意为“而

26、非，不，宁愿也不”(would/had ratherthan)。如： Rather than take a bus to school, Id prefer to walk. 我宁愿步行上学也不愿乘车。(4) other than常意为“除之外，不同于”；在否定结构中，形成no/not/nothing other than 的结构搭配，常意为“正是，恰好是，除了别无”。如： It was no other than my old friend Jones. 就是我的老朋友琼斯。1 要避免重复使用比较级。 【误】 He is more cleverer than his brother. 【正】

27、 He is more clever than his brother. 【正】 He is cleverer than his brother. 2 要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 【误】 China is larger than any country in Asia. 【正】 China is larger than any other country in Asia. 3 比较的对象要一致。 【误】 The weather in China is different from America. 【正】 The weather in China is different from that

28、 in America. 【解析】 句意为：中国的天气与美国的天气不同。比较的是天气而不是国家，比较的主体要一致，因此用that代替前面的weather。4 要避免表语形容词用作定语。 【误】 Entering the room, I saw an afraid girl crouching in the corner. 【正】 Entering the room, I saw a frightened girl crouching in the corner. 【解析】 afraid是表语形容词不能作定语，而frightened是过去分词变来的普通形容词，可以作定语。5 不要把连接性副词当连

29、词使用。(1) 【误】 He takes no interest in studies, instead, he plays tennis all day. 【正】 He takes no interest in studies; instead, he plays tennis all day. 【正】 He takes no interest in studies. Instead, he plays tennis all day. (2) 【误】 The house is not big enough for us, besides, it is too far from town. 【

30、正】 The house is not big enough for us, and besides, it is too far from town. 【正】 The house is not big enough for us. Besides, it is too far from town. 【解析】 instead, besides等很多词是起连接作用的副词，不能当连词使用，因此它们所在的句子和前面的句子之间只有语义上的逻辑关系，而句子之间在语法上是独立的，因此前面的句子要用句号或分号或用and并列。 1 2010全国卷 Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been _. Apopular Bmore popular Cmost popular Dthe most popular 【解析】 B考查形容词比较级的用法。形容词比较级用于否定句表示隐含的最高级，表示“没有比更的”。2 Much to his surprise，he invited only twenty friends to the dinner，but _ came. Atwice as many as B