全国医学博士英语统一考试试题.docx

1、全国医学博士英语统一考试试题Part I Listening Comprehension (30%)略Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D are given beneath each of them.You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence, then mar

2、k your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.According to the Geneva no prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse.A.Customs B. Congresses C. Conventions D. Routines32.Environmental officials insist that something be done to acid rain.A.Curb B. sure C. detoxify D. condemn33.It is impossible to say how it wi

3、ll take place, because it will happen , and it will not be a long process.A.spontaneously B. simultaneously C. principally D. approximately34.Diabetes is one of the most and potentially dangerous disease in the World.A.Crucial B. virulent C. colossal D. prevalent35.Rheumatologist advises that those

4、with ongoing aches and pains first seek medical help to the problem.A.Affiliate B. alleviate C. aggravate D. accelerate36.How is it possible that such deception has come to take place right under our noses?A.obvious B. significant C. necessary D. widespread37.Now a paper in Science argues that organ

5、ic chemicals in the rock come mostly from on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.A.Configuration B. constitution C. condemnation D. contamination38.Chronic high-dose intake of vitamin A has been shown to have effects on bones.A.adverse B. prevalent C. instant D. purposeful39.Generally,vaccine makers

6、the virus in fertilized chicken eggs in a process that can take four to six months.A.penetrate B. designate C. generate D. exaggerate40.We are much quicker to respond,and we respond far too quickly by giving_ to our anger. A.vent B. impulse C. temper D. OffenceSection BDirections: Each of the follow

7、ing sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41.The patients condition has wo

8、rsened since last night.A.improved B. returned C. deteriorated D. changed42.Beijing Television-Station Transmitting Tower really looks magnificent at night when its lit up.A.decorated B. illustrated C. illuminated D. entertained43.Attempts to restrict parking in the city centre have further aggravat

9、ed the problem of traffic congestion.A.ameliorated B. aggregated C. deteriorated D. duplicated44.The applications of genetic engineering are abundant and choosing one appropriate for this case can be rather difficult.A.sufficient B. plentiful C. adequate D. countable45.The defect occurs in the first

10、 eight weeks of pregnancy, though no one understands why.A.deficit B. deviation C. draw back D. discrepancy46.He has been on hormone alternate therapy for four years and looks fantastic.A.successor B. replacement C. surrogate D. choice47.It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large

11、 number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings.A.ancient B. carefully C. very large D. carefully protected48.When patients spend extended periods in hospital, they tend to become overly dependent

12、and lose interest in taking care of themselves.A.extremely B. exclusively C. exactly D. explicitly49.The anxious parent was vigilant over the injured child in spite of a full array of emergency room of doctors and nurses.A.preoccupied B. unwary C. watchful D. dozing50.The doctor vacillated so freque

13、ntly on disease-prevention techniques that his colleagues accused him of inconsistency.A.wavered B. instigated C. experimented D. reliedPart Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right si

14、de.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.We spend a lot of time looking at the eyes of others for social 51 it helps us understand a persons emotions, and make decisions about how to respond to them. We also know that adultsavoid eye contact when anxious. But

15、researchers have known far 52 about eye gazing patterns in children.According to new research by Kalina Michalska, assistant professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside, we now know that anxious children tend to avoid making eye contact, and this has consequences for how they

16、experience fear. The 53 and less frequently they look at the eyes of others, the more likely they are to be afraid of them, even when there may be no reason to be. Her study,Anxiety Symptoms and Childrens Eye Gaze During Fear Learning, was published in the journal The Journal of Child Psychology and

17、 Psychiatry.“Looking at someones eyes helps us understand whether a person is feeling sad, angry, fearful, or surprised. As adults, we then make decisions about how to respond and what to do next. But,we know much less about eye patterns in childrenso, understanding those patterns can help us learn

18、more about the development of social learning, Michalska said.Michalska and the team of researchers showed 82 children, 9 to 13 years old, images of two womens faces on a computer screen. The computer was equipped with an eye tracking device that allowed them to measure 54 on the screen children wer

19、e looking, and for how long. The participants were originally shown each of the two women a total of four times. Next, one of the images was 55 with a loud scream and a fearful expression, and the other one was not. At the end, children saw both faces again without any sound or scream.The following

20、three conclusions can be drawn from the study:1.All children spent more time looking at the eyes of a face that was paired with the loud scream than the face that was not paired with the scream, 56 they pay attention to potential threats even in the absence of outward cues.2.Children who were more a

21、nxious avoided eye contact during all three phases of the experiment, for both kinds of faces. This had consequences for how afraid they were of the faces.3.The more children avoided eye contact; the more afraid they were 57 the faces.The conclusions suggest that children spend more time looking at

22、the eyes of a faces when previously paired with something frightening suggesting they pay more attention to potentially threatening information as a way to learn more about the situation and plan what to do next.However, anxious children tend to avoid making eye contact, which leads to greater 58 ex

23、perience. Even though avoiding eye contact may reduce anxiety 59 , the study finds thatover timechildren may be missing out 60 important social information.This includes that a person may no longer be threatening or scary, and yet the child continues feeling fearful of that person.51.A. environmentB

24、. cuesC. relationsD. answers52.A. lessB. moreC. enoughD. beyond53.A. longerB. more anxiousC. shorterD. more54.A. whereB. whenC. howD. what55.A. followedB. recordedC. pairedD. marked56.A. suggestB. suggestingC. suggestsD. being suggested57.A. toB. ofC. atD. about58.A. fearB. surpriseC. sadD. angry59.

25、A. in the long runB. for a long timeC. in the short timeD. in a long time60.A. withB. withoutC. ofD. onPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part, there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question, there are four possible answers marked A, B, C,

26、and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneThe British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the Sensitive attachment period from birth to three may scar a childs personality and predispose to emotional proble

27、ms in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbys work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails,and many people do believe this. It has been argued that an infant under three who is cared for outside the

28、 home may suffer because of the separation from his parents. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.But traditional societies are so different from modern societies that comparisons based on just one factor are hard to interpret. Firstly, anthropologists point out that the ins

29、ulated love affair between children and parents formed in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alonefar from it.Certainty, Bowlbys analysis raises the pos

30、sibilities that early day care had delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only explored by the use of statistics. However, statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the res

31、ults would certainly be complicated and controversial. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children had problems with it. Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care

32、, and they have uniformly reported that care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on childrens development.Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nurser