语法速补10英语中的强调.docx

1、语法速补10英语中的强调英语中的强调强调是人们在交际中为了有效地交流思想，突出重要内容所运用的一种手段。英语中强调的手段多种多样。口语中可以利用语音手段，借助重读和语调的变化，突出或强调句中的某一个词或成分。在书面语言中，可以利用语法手段、词汇手段和修饰手段突出或强调句中的某个部分。1、几种强调的方式1主语+ do+ 谓语+（其它）用do主要是为了排除否定含义。 I never did like her. I do think so. Please do be quiet. Do wait for me. Do be on time/honest. He did finish the task

2、 in time as expected. his opinion does influence others at the meeting. 2. the very + 名词表示的意思是“正是那个”，“恰好是那个”，the very也可用this very, that very, my very, your very等,还可以用最高级，the last等词。 We do not go on the cry in this, but the very fact. 我们这样做并不是道听途说，而是依据真正的事实。 Jack, he decided, was the very person for

3、the job. Children should form the good habits from the very beginning. The very idea of going sailing makes me feel seasick. Aspirin is the very thing for curing a headache. At that very minute/moment, he opened the door. The fault is your very own.This is the most cruel action I have ever witnessed

4、. He is the last person I would like to talk to.3. 反身代词Itself用来强调抽象事物，表示“本身、自身”，其他的表示“本人、亲自” Doing itself is learning. We wont buy new tyres when the car itself is so old. The land itself is worth the money, without the house. I assumed to myself all the blame. Wed like to see it for ourselves. The

5、little girl wrote the letter all by herself.4. 副词+ 被强调词常见的副词为：even, just, right, only, 也有用indeed, all right等 He is never at peace with himself. 他老处于不安状态。 Even the children can understand the story. I just cant believe my eyes. The responsibility rests on me alone. The gap between the poor and rich i

6、s very wide indeed. 5. 强调词+助动词+主语+谓语+其他常用于此句型的有at no time, by no means, few, many a time, not onlybut also, seldom, hardly等等 Not only did he make a promise, but also he kept it. Not once have the workers of our factory succeeded in inventing new machines, but many times. Never have I seen such a str

7、ange man. Often did we warn them not to do so. Nowhere have I seen your bike.其实，否定词+比较级 表示最高级含义也是一种强调There is nothing more annoying than being disturbed by a wrong number at midnight.I couldnt agree with you any more.There is no uglier face like that!Nothing is more difficult than that. 6疑问词+强调短语+助动

8、词/be+主语+其它用于本句型的强调短语或词有：whatever; whoever; on earth; under heaven; under the sun; what ever; when ever等等。 What under the sun/on earth do you mean? What under heaven have you told her?Whatever is the matter with you? Whoever told you that?Where ever have you hidden my watch?7被强调部分+主语+谓语+其他 His life w

9、as almost despaired of, but his strong constitution won through. 他几乎没有救活的希望了，但他的体质好，终于恢复了健康。Of all the racing cars, the No. 2 racing car is running fastest by far. The Most complicated calculation, a computer can solve in a short time. Very grateful I am for your help. Even at the hardest period, he

10、 kept on learning. Even an experienced climber may get into trouble.8. It is / was + 被强调部分+ who/that + 句子其他部分It was John who /that bought an old bike yesterday in a marketplace. 是约翰昨天在市场上买了辆旧自行车。（强调主语）It was an old bike that John bought yesterday in a marketplace. 昨天约翰在市场买的是辆旧自行车。（强调宾语）It was yester

11、day that John bought an old bike in a marketplace. 约翰是昨天在市场上买了辆旧自行车。（强调时间状语）It was in a marketplace that John bought an old bike yesterday. 约翰是在市场上昨天买了辆旧自行车。（强调地点状语）注：有时候定语从句也表达了强调的意思。【插入】Exercises: 1. It is not who is right but what is right _ is of importance. A. which B. it C. that D. this 2. It

12、_ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common.A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that 3. I dont mind her criticizing me, but _ is how she does it that I object to. A. it B. that C. this D. which 4. -Where did you get to know h

13、er? -It was on the farm _ you worked.A. that B. there C. which D. where 5. - _ that he managed to get the information? -Oh, a friend of his helped him. A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it 2、强调句型在英语中提到强调句型时，通常指的是：It bethat这一结构（简称It-type强调句）。（一）强调句型的用法 我们常用It iswas who/that结构来突出

14、强调句子的某一成分(一般是句子中主语，宾语或状语)。在这个句型中，it没有词汇意义，只是引出被强调的成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，用who或that来连接都可以。如果是其它成分，则一律用that来连接。 / It is my mother whothat cooks every day. / It was yesterday that Tom passed in the maths exam （二）区分定语从句（或名词性从句）和强调句型某些定语从句（或名词性从句）和强调句型形式差不多，容易混淆。如果去掉it is was .that句子仍然通顺成立，则为强调句型；不成立不通顺，则为定语从

15、句或名词性从句。 【如】/ It was three years ago that he went to American for a further study去掉It was that句子为/ Three years ago he went to America for a further study句子通顺，意思完整，那么，这就是一个强调句型。【再如】/ It was his best suit that Steven wore to the dance last night.将his best suit置入that之后的句中，可以组成Steven wore his best suit

16、to the dance last night表示“史蒂文昨晚穿着他最好的衣服跳舞。”同样，去掉原句中的It was及that后剩余部分也可以组成上述句子由此得出本句是强调句型。【继续如】 Its clear that he is round and tall like a tree. 它像一棵树一样又圆又高是显而易见的。将clear置于that后面的句中已不成句，同样，去掉Its及that后也不成句，故本句是名词性从句。【总之】实际上It bethat 只不过是一个框架而已，它的各部份在句子中均不担任成份。（三）使用本句型的几个注意事项 1、强调句型可以强调主语、宾语、时间状语和地点状语等。

17、不强调谓语，若要强调谓语时用助动词do。2、强调句型中的连接词that不能省去，当主语是人或者宾语是人时可以用who，whom代替that，且who，whom也不能省去；其余成分均用that。被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who。/ lt was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about 3、被强调成分是主语，whothat之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与原句中的主语保持一致。 / It is I who am right / It is he who is wrong / It

18、is the students who are lovely 4、强调句型中的时态一般只用两种，即一般现在时和一般过去时，若原句的动词为一般过去时、过去完成时及过去进行时，就用It was+被强调的部分+that+原句剩余部分。若原句的动词是其他时态时，使用it is+被强调的部分+that+原句剩余部分。5、即使被强调成分是句子中的时间状语，地点状语，原因状语等，也不能用when，where, because，要用 that。 / It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his research

19、 work again . / It was in front of the bank that the old lady was robbed / It was because of the heavy rain that he came late 6、if、although、though引导的条件，让步状语从句不能强调，例如：/ If it rains,we wont go out.如果下雨，我们就不出去。/ Well try to finish the work in time though we are short ofman power. 虽然我们缺乏人力，我们还是要设法按时完成这项

20、工作。不能强调为：/ It is if it rains that we wont go out. It is though we are short of manpower that well try to finish the work in time.7、It-type强调句可强调because引导的原因状语从句，但不可强调 as,since引导的原因状语从句，例如：/ I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢，我才干。可强调为：/ It is because I like it that I do it.下面这个句子则不可以强调：/ Since no one is

21、 against it,well adopt the proposal. 既然没有人反对，这个议案我们就通过了。8、It-type强调句可强调so that引起的目的状语从句，但不能强调so that 引起的结果状语从句，例如：/ The six blind men asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a look.六个盲人要求赶象人让这头巨兽停下来，以便他们能看一看。 可强调为：/ It was so that they could have a lookthat the six blindmen asked

22、the driver to stop the be ast.下面这个句子则不可以强调：He didnt plan his time well,so that he didnt finish thework in time. 他没有把时间计划好，结果没有按时完成这工作。9、如果被强调的成分有同位语，同位语也应提前。 / It was from him，his chemistry teacher，that Paul learned to watch carefully in class 10、被强调成分是作主语的代词，用主格，是作宾语的代词，用宾格 / It was he that helped

23、me yesterday. It was me that he helped yesterday. 11、可以强调以notuntil引导的时间状语 我们用“It was（is）no until+被强调的部分+that+原句剩余部分”句型表示“是直到才”。如： He and the other doctors did not leave until the operation was over. 他和其他医生等手术做完后才离开。 =It was not until the operation was over that he and the other doctors left.I didnt

24、learn it until yesterday.直到昨天我才知道这件事。= It was not until yesterday that I learned it.注：在强调句型中只用until，不用till，且由于that前已有否定词not，故that后的句子要用肯定式。如： I wont believe you until Ive seen you in the jar with my own eyes. 直到我亲眼看你在坛子里，我才相信你的话。 = It is not until Ive seen you in the jar with my own eyes that I will

25、 believe you. 也可以用下面的倒装句型来强调以not until引导的时间状语：Not until+时间状语（或从句）+助动词did+主谓。如：Jacks father didnt buy him a computer until he went to college. 直到杰克上大学爸爸才给他买了台计算机。 It was not until he went to college that Jacks father bought him a computer.= Until he went to college did Jacks father buy him a computer

26、. 12、此外还可以遇到Whatbe结构的句型（简称wh-type强调句），它同样具有很浓的强调意味，例如：/ What we need is more time.我们需要更多的时间。 我们可以用对待It-type强调句的方法，把Whatbe作为一个框架而划去，所剩的也是一个完整的句子 ：We need more time. 不同的是，what和be在句子中都可以担任成份。上面这个句子可以看成是 What引导一个主语从句，而be则是系动词，后接表语。 Wh-type强调句可用来强调主语、宾语、表语，例如：/ But what surprised me most was to see some

27、of the villagepeople seated on the benches at the end of the room.然而，最使我奇怪的是看到村子里的一些人坐在教室后头的长凳上。/ But what he was really interested in was beautiful paiutings.但是他真正感兴趣的是美丽的画。/ What I feel is hungry.我所感到的就是饿。 wh-type强调句还可以通过使用代动词do来强调句中的谓语动词或作宾语补足语的非谓语动词，例如：/ What I did was (to) turn off the tap.我所做的

28、就是把水龙头关了。/ What I want you to do is (to) clean the room. 我要你做的就是打扫房间。 注意，这一句型中be后面作表语的不定式可以省略to，如果所强调的动词是进行体，那么be之后用-ing形式和它相配，例如：/ Whta Im doing is teaching him a lesson.我现在这样做是为了给他一次教训。 Wh-type强调句中的what从句，间或也作表语，例如：/ This was what they had posted on the bulletin board then!This was what the black

29、smith was r eading!原来贴在布告牌上的就是这么回事！铁匠在看的原来就是这个！ Wh-type强调句的wh-从句，有时可能是以who,where或when引起的，它们通常只用作表语，例如：/ The headmaster was who I meant. 我指的就是校长。/ Here is where the accident took place. 这儿就是事故发生的地方。/ (On)Saturday is when the housewivues are busiest. 星期六是家庭主妇们最忙的日子。 【补注】另外也值得一提的是A is A这一结构的强调句型，这类句子的语

30、势是很强 的，例如：/ You are quite right.Teacher is teacher. 你说得完全对，老师毕竟是老师。/ Business is business.One cant too particular. 公事公办，谁也不能特殊。 当名词前带有修饰语时，表语常含有真正的的意思，例如：/ Spoken English is English.英语口语才是真正的英语。/ A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难朋友才是真朋友。 这种句型中的A，如果是who,what,which,则具有分辨出的意思，常作动词tell,know等动词的宾语，例如：/ The two brothers are so nearly alike that I cant tell who is who. 这两兄弟长得太相象了，我简直区分不了。/ Hes very clear and knows whats what. 他很聪明，懂得是非曲直。