考研英语终极命题人思路讲解讲义二.docx

1、考研英语终极命题人思路讲解讲义二clove cigarettes.However，the weirdest may be this: artists only jobs are to explore emotions，and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel lousy. This wasnt always so.The earliest forms of art ， like painting and music， are those best suited for expressing joy.But somewhere in t

2、he 19th century，more artists began seeing happiness as phony or，worst of all，boring.In the 20th century， classical music became more atonal，visual art more unsettling.Sure，there have been exceptions，but it would not be a stretch to say that for the past centuryor so， serious art has been at war with

3、 happiness.In 1824， Beethoven completed his “ Ode to Joy”.In 1962，novelist Anthony Burgess used it in A Clockwork Orange as the favorite music of his ultra-violent antihero.31. The example that “Ode to Joy” was used in Burgesss novel is meant to illustrate that.Amusicians and novelists share similar

4、 artistic tasteBviolent people have a strong desire to be happyCserious art is often contradictory with happinessDmusic is enjoyed by good and bad people alike例 4.What we forget-what our economy depends on us forgetting-is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain.The things that bring the g

5、reatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment.Today，surrounded by promises of easy happiness，we need someone to tell us that it is OK not to be happy，that sadness makes happiness deeper.As the wine connoisseur movie Sideways tells us，it is the kiss of decay and Noir.We need ar

6、t to tell us，as religion once did，that you will die， that everything ends，and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it.Its a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette，yet，somehow，is a breath of fresh air.32. According to the last paragraph，the author mentions the movie si

7、deways to show thatAHappiness can be found through pains and efforts.BHappiness comes when everything dies.CHappiness makes sadness deeper.DHappiness is not a good thing.例 5. Teaching was never a way to get rich，but it was long considered a solid and respectable middle-class occupation. Over the pas

8、t few decades，though，policymakers have chipped away at the economic and moral status of educators. The Reagan administration laid the groundwork with its seminal 1983 report “A Nation at Risk”. Among its recommendations are “more rigorous and measurable standards” for students and an “effective eval

9、uation system” for teachers.1.The “A Nation at Risk” report is mentioned to show that .Apolicies have become harsh on teachersBits long-lasting effect on the educational systemCteaching used to be a widely respected careerDteaching needs pragmatic assessing mechanismThis wasnt always so.The earliest

10、 forms of art，like painting and music，are those best suited for expressing joy.But somewhere from the 19th century onward ， more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless，phony or，worst of all，boring，as we went from Wordsworths daffodils to Baudelaires flowers of evil.34. By citing the examples

11、of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire ， the author intends to show that .Apoetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or musicBart grows out of both positive and negative feelingsCpoets today are less skeptical of happinessDartists have changed their focus of interest例 7.Of all the components of a g

12、ood nights sleep ， dreams seem to be least within our control.In dreams，a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.A century ago，Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears；bythe late 1970s，neur

13、ologists had switched to thinking of them as just “ mental noise”the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat，regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says tha

14、t these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control，to help us sleep and feel better ，“ Its your dream ，” says Rosalind Cartwright ， chair of psychology at Chicagos MedicalCenter.“If you dont like it，change it.”Evidence from brain imaging s

15、upports this view.The brain is as active during REM（rapid eye movement）sleepwhen most vivid dreams occuras it is when fully awake，says Dr， Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.But not all parts of the brain are equally involved；the limbic system （the “emotional brain”）is especially active，

16、while the prefrontal cortex （the center of intellect and reasoning）is relatively quiet.“We wake up from dreams happy or depressed，and those feelings can stay with us all day.”says Stanford sleep researcher Dr.William Dement.35. By referring to the limbic system，the author intends to show .Aits funct

17、ion in our dreamsBthe mechanism of REM sleepCthe relation of dreams to emotionDits difference from the prefrontal cortex例 8.Science ， in practice ， depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.Sir Isaac Newton supposedly d

18、iscovered gravity through the fall of an apple.Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall.But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets.What kept them in place? Why didnt they fall out of the s

19、ky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered thequestion he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens， the moon and the planets.36. The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that .Ainquiring minds are more important

20、than scientific experimentsBscience advances when fruitful researches are conductedCscientists seldom forget the essential nature of researchDunpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research例 9.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstar

21、s like Arnold Schwarzenegger and GarthBrooks，yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nations assimilative power.”37. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and GarthBrooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?ATo prove their popularity around the world.BTo re

22、veal the publics fear of immigrants.CTo give examples of successful immigrants.DTo show the powerful influence of American culture.例 10.Some advertisers think there is an advantage in acknowledging consumers scepticism. An ad for FirstBank， of Colorado，showed a new leather sofa and television in the

23、 middle of a square，with a large sign saying:“Free”.People strolled by，ignoring the bounty.A voice-over asks: “ What if free really just meant free? ” A second method is to drown the scepticism with humour: a depressing number of brands nowadays rely on chirpy talking animals.A third is todisarm it

24、with honesty.In 2009 Dominos launched a campaign featuring consumers talking about how awful its pizzas had been for the past 50 years.Then there is do-goodery: innumerable brands argue that the best way to save the planet or help the poor is to buy their products.38. What does the ad for FirstBank

25、illustrate?APeople usually tend to neglect the bounty of free.BSkepticism can be drown with humor method.CHonesty plays an important role to disarm skepticism.DAdvertisers would benefit from the admitting consumers disbelief.例 11.If that happens，passionate consumers would try to persuade others to b

26、oycott products， putting the reputation of the target company at risk.In such hijacked media case， the companys response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful，and the learning curve has been steep.Toyota Motor，for example，alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year w

27、ith a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign，which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.39. Toyota Motors experience is cited as an example ofAresponding effectively to hijacked media.Bpersuading cust

28、omers into boycotting products.Ccooperating with supportive consumers.Dtaking advantage of hijacked media.例 12.All sorts of firms are changing theirinputs and processes and designing products that spare the environment，whilehelping suppliers do the same.IKEA，a Swedish retailer，will have invested orc

29、ommitted to invest 1.5 billion （$1.7 billion）in wind and solar power by theend of 2015，and the firm and its charitable foundation have just pledged afurther 1 billion to developing renewable energy and to helping people inplaces affected by climate change.Firms say that besides savings from greatere

30、nergy efficiency they gain less quantifiable benefits from an enhancedreputation， a motivated workforce and the like.But big， disruptive investmentsin new energy sources or industrial techniques may take years to justify theircosts ， if they ever do.Is greenery paying off?The IKEA Company is mention

31、ed to show thatAit is crucial to invest in disruptiveand motivated workforce.Bthe company can earn much from theenhanced reputation.Cthe firms have made their producingmethod more sustainable.Dit is hard to tell the greenery ispaying off or not in years to come.例 13.But more deaths now happen in int

32、ensive-care units under closer legal and professional oversight，making doctors more cautious about testing the limits of what is allowed.And modern medicine means that dying is much more often prolonged.The case of Karen Ann Quinlan in 1976 thrust the issues into the spotlight.The parents of the young woman， who fell into a coma after drinking and taking Valium at a party， had to go to court to force her doctors to take her off a ventilator.