语篇视角下英语高考七选五阅读理解试题研究与实战训练 样张0201.docx

1、语篇视角下英语高考七选五阅读理解试题研究与实战训练 样张0201语篇视角下英语高考“七选五”阅读理解试题研究与实战训练第一部分 试题研究与解题指导【试题研究】20152017 年英语高考全国卷“七选五”阅读理解试题分析阅读理解是英语高考的一个重要组成部分，为了让广大师生对“七选五”阅读 理解这一题型有更加深入地认识，本文对近三年英语高考全国卷“七选五”阅读理 解试题进行全面深入地分析。本解析包括四部分，第一部分是考纲解读，全面解 析阅读理解考查要求；第二部分是近三年高考“七选五”阅读理解命题分析，通过 对近三年高考阅读理解试题统计分析揭示其命题规律，对未来考查趋势作以预测； 第三部分是说明文体

2、和记叙文体在近三年“七选五”阅读理解中的考查情况分析； 第四部分是各类文体的文本特征和阅读解题技巧，对各类文体的结构特点作以分 析，针对不同文体提出相应的阅读与解题技巧，并指出答题误区。 二、三年高考“七选五”阅读理解命题解析为了让广大考生对近三年阅读理解试题有一个比较全面地了解，本部分对第第二节的“七选五”阅读理解从主题语境、语篇类型、阅读总量、选项设置等几个方面以表格的形式作以统计，在统计的基础上分析其基本命题规律和命题变化趋势。1. “七选五”阅读理解试题命题特征统计项目卷别主题语境语篇类型阅读总量段落数与文本结构标题小标题选项设置小标题或主旨句细节、过渡衔接与注释句2017全国卷 I记

3、叙作者对野营由抵触到喜欢的转变过程。记叙文225+75=3005顺序记叙无无14全国卷介绍避免工作中被打断的几种方法说明文199+81=2805总分结构无无14全国卷 III介绍如何做计划建立好生物钟，保持早睡早起的习惯说明文245+64=3094总分结构无无14201全国卷 I介绍密码的使用情况及三种类型的密码编码与解码说明文197+101=3085总分结构无无236全国卷介绍如何种植好一个适合你的花园说明文226+71=2983总分结构有有14全国卷 III介绍如何购买鱼和烹制鱼说明文202+56=2583总分结构无无142015全国卷 I介绍三种帮助人们重建信任的策略说明文235+70=

4、3055总分结构有无23全国卷介绍马拉松训练前的准备及开始训练时循序渐进的策略说明文179+64=2432总分结构无无052. 命题基本规律【注：本文系作者为 2018 年试题调研阅读专辑（第 4 辑）所撰写并发表的特约稿件，有删改】2018、2019 年英语高考全国卷“七选五”阅读理解试题分析随着普通高中英语课程标准（2017 版）（以下简称新课标）的颁布，英语高考全国卷的命题依据新课标学业质量要求和高考命题建议在逐渐地发生变化，由对学生综合语言运用能力的考查升级为对学生英语学科核心素养的全面考查。“七选五”阅读理解作为阅读理解试题中区分度比较大的试题类型，也在继承中发展与创新，越来越注重考

5、查学生理解语篇上下文逻辑关系的能力。为了让广大师生对新课标颁布以来两年的六套英语高考全国卷中的“七选五”阅读理解试题有一个全面了解，本文通过对试题统计分析以概括出这六份试题的特点和考查趋势，同时也提出对教学的启示和建议，以便广大师生能攻克高考英语“七选五” 阅读理解这一难关。【解题指导 1】把握说明文文体结构特征 驾驭“七选五”阅读理解试题英语高考“七选五”阅读理解解题指导“七选五”阅读理解试题是自 2010 年起英语高考新课标卷开始使用的一种阅读理解新题型，这个题型位于阅读理解第二节中，其题目要求为：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。该部分共设

6、 5 个小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分，试题由一篇去掉五个句子（或短语）的短文和七个选项句（或短语）组成，要求考生根据短文的内容选出最佳选项填入空白处，旨在考查考生运用英语获取信息、处理信息和综合运用信息的能力。该题型不仅要求考生能够理解文章的内容，还要求考生能够从段落和篇章上去把握文章的层次结构，更注重对语篇结构的考查。【解题指导 2】理清语篇脉络，巧解“七选五”阅读理解试题2016 年起，英语高考全国卷三份试题均采用了“七选五”阅读理解这一题型， 位于阅读理解第二节。该题型主要考查考生对语篇文本整体内容、结构、上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握，相对于第一节的阅读理解而言，该题型对考生的阅读

7、理解能力要求更高，难度相对较大。本文将从考纲解读入手以明确“七选五”阅读理解试题的题型及对考生阅读能力的要求，通过统计分析2014 至2016 年全国卷“七选五”阅读理解试题揭示该题型的命题特征与命题变化趋势，然后提出该题型的解题方法和技巧，并对 2016 年全国卷 I “七选五”阅读理解真题进行解析，最后提出针对该题型的备考策略，以帮助广大学生全面了解和认识这一题型，掌握解题方法，提高解题技能。【注：此文系作者为 2017 年学英语高三版所撰写的特约稿件，2017 年 1 月17 日发表于第 29 期（总 15494 期），有修改】【解题指导 3】英语高考全国卷“七选五”阅读理解解题指导（2

8、018）三、“七选五”阅读理解解题方法与步骤1. 解题方法（1） 利用语篇文本结构解题。理清说明文语篇文本结构是解答高考“七选五” 阅读理解试题的关键所在，说明文语篇通常采用总分（总）式结构，所以解题时首先要在首段中找到语篇所要说明的对象和篇章主旨是什么，然后再去看其它段落首句，如果每段首句恰好是该段的主题句（说明文中阐明每段主旨的句子通常位于段首），就能理清语篇文本的基本结构。例如：2016 年全国卷 I“七选五”阅读理解材料第一段从“密码的应用”引入话题，第二段从“编码和解码”再到“密码学的概念”切入到文章的主题密码学，这两段应该是总体说明部分，接下来的三、四、五段用举例的方式说明了三种类

9、型密码的编码和解码，三至五段是文章的分别说明部分。理清语篇的文本结构，便能进一步把握语篇的内在逻辑关系。弄清本文三、四段之间的关系就能轻易地判断出第 38 题应选 G 选项来说明第二种类型密码的编码，起到连贯衔接作用。（2） 利用篇章标题、小标题、项目符、序号和突出的字体等信息解题。有些命题材料设置了标题和小标题，有时文中还包含有项目符、序号或突出的字体等信息，在解题时要充分利用这些信息。这些信息有助于理清语篇文本结构、文章主旨和段落主旨。如在 2017 年全国卷 III 中，看到四个项目符就知道语篇采用了“总分”式结构，每个项目符后的祈使句就是段落的主旨，段落其它部分对主旨句进行诠释和展开说

10、明，阅读主旨句就理清了语篇基本结构。【注：此文系作者为 2018 年学英语高三版撰写的特约稿件，2018 年 1 月 16日发表于第 29 期（总 16254 期），有修改】第二部分 分类实战训练记叙文类记叙文文本结构与解题关键【文本结构】高考题中所选的记叙文通常以记人、叙事为主，以人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容。记叙文包含时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果六要素，常用的记叙顺序有顺叙、倒叙、插叙、补叙和分叙，表达方式有叙述、描写、议论、说明和抒情。【解题关键】记叙文的阅读一要抓住时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果六要素，二要弄清记叙的顺序，三要把握好人物的情感和态度。如果记叙中所涉及的人

11、物较多， 还要弄清人物之间的关系。在阅读解题时，首先要通读全文，弄清六要素和记叙的顺序，特别要注意文章中所提到的多个时间、地点、人物，理清起因、经过和结果；然后阅读选项，弄清事情的起因、经过和结果，根据故事发展的线索、事物的先后顺序、指代关系、同词重现等下上文信息确定答案。实战训练 1记叙文题组试题要求：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Passage 1话题：生活经历 词数：289 words 难度指数：Michaels birthday was coming soon, so he asked his dad for a bicycle so

12、 that hewould not need to walk to school anymore. 36 Michael got a book instead but he did not complain.One bright and sunny day while Michael was walking past a convenience store on his way to school, he saw a big boy on a bike. The bike was too small for the boy. 37 The boy was a prefect in Michae

13、ls school. Michael recognized him. The boys name was William. William seemed to have broken his leg. Michael picked up Williams bike which was not damaged and rode to the nearby hospital to get help. 38 Michael rode Williams bike to school so he would not be late for class.After school, Michael quic

14、kly rode the bicycle to Williams house with a book and a jigsaw puzzle (七巧板) for William. 39 He could stay at home for a rest after his leg was put in a cast (给做石膏固定).To Michaels surprise, William was getting a new bike on his birthday in two months time and Michael could have Williams old bike. Mic

15、hael was overjoyed. 40 Michael visited William every day till Williams leg was healed (痊愈).Answers3637383940A. Luckily, William was not too seriously hurt.B. Michael found it amusing and couldnt help laughing.C. From then on, Michael and William became good friends.D. William gave his bike to Michae

16、l to show his thanks to Michael.E. However, Michaels dad had lost his job and did not have much money.F. As the boy was turning around a corner, the bike crashed into a lamp-post.G. A few minutes later, an ambulance came and brought William to the hospital. 说明文类典型结构说明文文本结构与解题关键【文本结构】典型结构说明文常用总分（总）式文

17、本结构，由总体说明、分别说明和总结三部分构成，这类说明文语篇多以方法、技巧、建议为其内容，说明如何做事。文章的首段往往做出总体说明，在引入文章的主题后明确说明的维度（或角度），【解题关键】理清语篇文本结构、说明方法和逻辑关系是解答典型结构说明文类“七选五” 阅读理解试题的关键。在解题时，实战训练 2典型结构说明文题组 1试题要求：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Passage 1话题：成功法则 词数：297 words 难度指数：Success comes with hard work. To succeed you must have the

18、 desire and the determination. Not all people will be successful in life, but success can be achieved. Here are some tips to succeed.First, you must believe in yourself and your ability to succeed. 36 In everything you do you should have a high level of self-confidence.Work hard and be disciplined.

19、Success does not come overnight; you must work hard for it and be disciplined (守纪律的). 37 It wont be easy to be successful, but it can be done. 38 It is important to remember that even as you work hard you should take some time to have fun. There is time for everything; set a time to have fun and nev

20、er neglect your family and friends. It is also important to remember that you should get the work done first, and then have fun.Take time to educate yourself and become qualified. 39 In this global economy, those wishing to succeed must have the necessary tools to be successful, and that includes ha

21、ving an education.Do not let the past define who you are; you define who youare. 40 Everyone can be successful in certain field and it has nothing to do with your past or what kind of family you come from.实战训练 3典型结构说明文题组 2试题要求：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Passage 1话题：心理健康 词数：235 words 难度

22、指数：Evidence suggests there are five steps we can all take to improve our mental wellbeing. If you approach them with an open mind and try them, you can judge theresults yourself. Connect. Connect with the people around you: your family, friends, colleagues and neighbors. 36 37 You dont have to go to

23、 the gym. Take a walk, go cycling or play agame of football. Find the activity that you enjoy, and make it a part of your life. Keep learning. 38 So why not sign up for that cooking course, start learning to play a musical instrument, or figure out how to fix your bike? 39 Even the smallest act can

24、count, whether its a smile, a thank you ora kind word. Larger acts, such as volunteering at your local community centre, can improve your mental wellbeing and help you build new social networks. Take notice. Be more aware of the present moment, including your feelings and thoughts, your body and the

25、 world around you. 40 It can positively change the way you feel about life and how you approach challenges.非典型结构说明文文本结构与解题关键【文本结构】非典型结构说明文的文本结构打破了常用的总分(总)式结构模式，会根据表达的需要作灵活的调整。有的说明文第一段先进行铺垫，第二段才切入主题，接下来的段落才展开说明；【解题关键】理清语篇文本脉络和层次结构、寻找关键解题信息是解答非典型结构说明文类“七选五”阅读理解试题的关键。实战训练 4非典型结构说明文题组 1试题要求：根据短文内容，从短文后的

26、选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Passage 1话题：休闲的重要性 词数：283 words 难度指数：There are many reasons why leisure is important. Its true we all need to work and stretch our legs and arms. But just like exercise, relaxation and leisure time helps us a lot.Get rid of tiredness and anxietyIn todays hectic lifestyle

27、, getting stressed seems unavoidable. Working can cause damage to our health physically and mentally as well. Very often people dont stop at the office or factory. They often have to carry some workload at home. 36 When stress and anxiety come in, it can manifest ( 显 现 ) itself as mental or physical

28、 tiredness. This can affect work performance as well as how a person interacts with friends or family. That is a reason why leisure is important. 37 Feeling refreshed, it becomes easier to deal with the issues at work or school. 38 Another benefit of relaxing is that it clears the mind. That is one

29、reason why meditation is becoming ever more popular. When we dont relax, we end up feeling stressed. 39 Anyone who has worked long hours will know the feeling.The long hours spent at work weaken both the body and the mind. 40 The reason why leisure is important is that when the mental exhaustion or

30、confusion comes in, it will help in relaxing the mind.实战训练 5非典型结构说明文题组 2试题要求：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Passage 1话题：啦啦队 词数：313 words 难度指数：Cheerleading has a rich history in the United States. 36 Even professional sports teams have cheerleaders, so those who love to cheer can continue the sport into adulthood.Organized cheering started at Princeton University in 1884, when the crowd created a cheer to inspire its team. In 1898, Tom Peebles became the first cheerleader when he led the crowd at the University of Minnesota. 37 In 1923, cheerleading expanded to