高考情态动词虚拟语气及练习.docx

1、高考情态动词虚拟语气及练习一、情态动词的语法特征(1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。(2)情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。(3)情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。(4)情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词、动名词等形式。二、虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，多半不是事实，或与事实相反。 高考重点要求：1、情态动词的基本用法2、情态动词表示推测的语义差别3、情态动词后接不定式完成体的不同意义4、虚拟语气中情态动词的用法第一节知识点概述一、情态动词 （一）情态动词种

2、类1. can表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”、“技能”或根据客观条件能做某种动作的“可能性”, 但表示人的体力或智力的具体动作时须用 be able to .He was able to do that without any help.他不需要任何帮助就能完成这项工作。2. may表示“允许，可以”，相当于be allowed to .may或might可和as well连用，表示“建议”，译为“还是的为好”You may as well keep a certain distance from that mad man. 你们还是离那疯子远点为好。You might as well go h

3、ome now.你还是现在回家为好。3. must表示“必须”或“应当”、“一定”。4. have to 加动词原形，表示“不得不”，“必须”，它比must更强调客观。Tom had to work into the deep night every day to earn a living. 汤姆为了生计每天都得工作到深夜。5. should 表示“劝告”，“建议”或“义务”时，译作“应当”，或表示“预测”和“可能”。He should take care of his parents as they are old enough not to live on themselves. 由于父

4、母亲老了，不能自理，他应当照顾他们。He should be there now. 他应该在那儿。should have done在虚拟语气中表示“责备或后悔”。6. ought ，只有一种形式，且ought后必须加to，然后跟接动词原形表示“有义务”或“必要”做某事，译为“应当，应该”。7. dare 可以用作情态动词，后面跟不带to的动词不定式，这主要用于否定句中，它本身可有现在时第三人称单数，词尾加s，它还可以有ing分词形式(daring)和过去式及ed分词形式(dared)。（二）情态动词在一般时否定句中的用法cant(cannot) 表示“不可能”， may not 表示“不可以”

5、， mustnt(must not) 表示“一定不要”，“不许可”，neednt (need not) 表示“不必”，dare not 动词原形表示“不敢”。He cant finish his essay by this time. 现在他不可能写完论文。He may not sleep now. 他或许现在没在睡觉。You mustnt criticize her in that way. 你不应那样批评她。You neednt come tomorrow. 你明天没必要来了。He dared not meet his fiance. 他不敢见女朋友。（三）can，may，must三者用法

6、比较can，may，must是三个最重要的情态动词，其基本句型如下：肯定句：主语+can，may，must +动词原形否定句：主语+can，may，must +not +动词原形疑问句：Can，May，Must +主语+动词原形1. can，may，must的肯定句You may eat lunch，but you must wash your hands.你可以吃饭，但是你必须洗手。（1）cana.表示能力；能，会She can run fast，but I cant.她很会跑，但是我不会。b.表示可能；能够I can get there in ten minutes.我十分钟之后就可以到那

7、儿。（表示一种可能性）c.表示允许；许可You can use this dictionary.你可以用这本字典。和be able to比较can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to可以用于各种时态。can（could）表示能力时，可用be able to代替。I can（=am able to）pay for the book. 我买得起那本书。He will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了。（2）maya.表示请求、许可May I

8、borrow your pen？我可以借你的钢笔用一用吗？b.可能、或许Tomorrow I may go shopping.明天，我可能（或许）去商店买东西。He might be our new teacher.他或许是我们的新老师。（3）musta.必须、应该（表示有做某一动作的必要或义务）You must buy a ticket.你必须买一张票。b.一定、准是（表示有把握的判断或推测，一般只用于肯定句中）在You must这一句型中，它的意思与祈使句相同。You must get up early. =Get up early.你必须早起。You must study hard. =

9、Study hard.你必须用功读书。He must be our new teacher.他肯定是我们的新老师。2.表示推测的用法can , could ,may ,might ,must 皆可用来表示推测，其用法如下：acould ,might 表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can ,may。bcan ,could 用于否定句和疑问句中。句型：主语+ cant , couldnt +be +动词ing（否定句）Can ,Could +主语 +be +动词 ing（疑问句）They cant be cleaning the room now他们现在不可能在打扫房间。cmay ,mig

10、ht , must 用在肯定句中。句型：主语+ may ,might ,must +be +动词 -ing （表示对现在发生动作的推测）He must be sleeping . 他现在肯定在睡觉。d但如果上述这些词 (must ,cant ) + have +过去分词则指对过去已发生的事进行推测。The road is wet. It must have rained last night .地是湿的；昨天晚上肯定下雨了。There isnt any water on the road . It (cant ) couldnt have rained last night .地面上一个水滴都

11、没有，昨天不可能下雨了。（四） have to的用法1. have（has）to +动词原形have（has）to后面要用动词原形。当主语为第三人称单数时用has to，当句子是过去时用had to。We have to leave now.我们不得不现在就离开。He has to work on Sunday.他不得不在周日工作。I had to do my homework last Sunday.上周日，我不得不做作业。2. have to的否定句句型：主语+dont（doesnt, didnt, will not）have to+动词原形You dont have to walk so

12、 fast.你不必走那么快。He will not have to buy a new coat next year.明年，他没必要买新外衣了。3. have to的疑问句句型：Do（Does, Did, Will）+主语+have to +动词原形？Do you have to study maths now？你现在必须学数字吗？Yes，I do.是的，必须学。No，I dont（have to）。不，不必学。Did he have to ask the question？他非要问那个问题吗？Yes，he did.是的。No，he didnt（have to）.不。4. must与have

13、to比较must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要，have to侧重于客观上的必要。如果用于过去时态或将来时态时，则要用have to的相应时态来代替must。但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。My brother was very ill，so I had to call for the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（一般过去时）I havent got any money with me，so Ill have to borrow some from my friend.我身上没有钱，只好向朋友借点

14、了。（一般将来时）He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。二、虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人的意愿、假设、猜测或建议。虚拟语气不表示客观存在的事实，谓语动词用特殊的形式表示虚拟语气。1表示与现在事实相反时的谓语形式。从句主句过去式 (be和were)would (should、could)+ 动词原形例如：If Tom were hungry, he would eat the bread. (In fact, Tom isnt hungry.)2表示与过去事实相反的谓语形式。从句主句had + 过去分词would (should、could) +

15、 have +过去分词例如：If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the early bus. (In fact, I didnt catch the bus.)3表示与将来事实相反的谓语形式。 从句主句动词过去式should + 动词原形were to + 动词原形would (should、could) + 动词原形例如：If they came tomorrow, we would told them about it. (In fact, they wont come tomorrow。)4动词wish后的宾语从句中，谓

16、语动词可用过去式、过去完成式或would、might加原形。例如：I wish I were as strong as you.He wished I would stay with us.She wished I had attended the meeting yesterday.5在有些动词如：suggest、insist、order等动词后，从句谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should可以省略。例如：He suggested that we (should) discuss the problem right now.6在有些句型中如：It is important (n

17、ecessary、natural、strange等) + that从句中的谓语动词用should + 动词原形，should可以省略。例如：It is necessary that the doctor (should) be sent there at once.7在It is time that, I would rather that句式中从句谓语动词用过去式。例如：It is time we went to bed.I would rather he came next week.第二节 实战演练一、复习时需注意的要点（一）情态动词1、情态动词在句中没有人称和数的变化。2、含有情态动词

18、的句子改为否定句或疑问句不必加助动词，只需要将情态动词置于主语前，或在情态动词后加上not。例如：Must I write a letter to cheer him up?You neednt wait for me.3、情态动词的过去式，例如cancould，maymight。但是少数情态动词只有过去式，例如used to表示过去常常。must的过去式往往用had to代替。4、情态动词后还可接不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。例如：He cant be doing his homework now. 他现在不可能在做功课。He must have attended the meeting

19、last night. 昨晚他一定参加了会议。（二）虚拟语气1、在if条件句中，如果含有were , should或had等助动词，if可以省去，句子用倒装。例如：Were I you , I would buy this reference book.2、should与would都可以用于if条件句的主句中，但should一般只用于第一人称，would用于所有人称。例如：If you were here , I would tell you the news .3、某些条件可以用介词短语without , but for 等来表示 。例如：Without your help , I coul

20、d not have succeeded in passing the exam .4、有时句子通过but或otherwise等词来表示真实与虚拟的转换，在这种情况下，只有不真实的部分用虚拟式。例如：I was ill yesterday；otherwise I would have played football with you . But for the heavy rain , we would have gone to the concert .5、有suggest等词的相应的名词组成的同位语从句及表语从句用虚拟式。例如：I accepted my mothers suggestio

21、n that I should eat an apple every day . 二、历届高考试题分析例1、There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt 答案：C【解析】 根据经验或惯例对某一情况进行推测，用should或ought to，常译成“按理应该”或“可能会”。shouldnt是其否定形式。例2、Is John coming by tr

22、ain?He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.A. must B. can C. need D. may答案为D。【解析】 come, go, leave, start等趋向动词的进行时表示将来时，所以答语是对这一将来动作做出的推断。may not“可能不；不一定”，根据he likes driving his car可以看出John可能乘火车来，也可能自己开车来。may not正好符合这一语境。must not“不准”；cannot“不可能”；need not“不必”。 例3、It is hard for me to imagin

23、e what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallenC. should fall D. were to fall答案为B。【解析】 根据句意和I would be doing可以判断这是虚拟语气。at the age of seven 是表示过去的时间状语，if从句中的谓语要用had not fallen，表示对过去情况的假设。由于主句中的谓语表示

24、对现在的虚拟，条件句中的谓语表示对过去情况的虚拟，增加了试题的难题，但是，使用排除法可以容易地做出该题：should fall 和were to fall都可以用于条件句中表示对将来的虚拟；wouldnt have fallen不用于条件句中，所以都不能作为答案。译文：如果我不在七岁时就迷恋上了我们家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆，我真不能想象我今天会做什么。 例4、You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _be so rude to a lady.A. might B. need C. should D. would答案为C。【解析】

25、should用于表示感情，意向等句中的that从句，表示“竟然，居然”的惊讶，出乎意料。译文：你难以想象一位行为体面的绅士会对一位女士那么粗鲁。例5、What would have happened _, as far as up to the river bank?A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther答案为C。【解析】 因为主句的谓语动词用了would have happened，所以从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时。在虚拟

26、语气中，如果条件状语从句中的if省略，该句要倒装。译文：如果鲍勃走得远一点，走到岸边，会发生什么事呢? 例6、Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?A. can B. should C. may D. must答案为A。【解析】 can表示可能性的推测，常用于疑问句或否定句中；may表“可能性”常用于肯定句或否定句中；must常用于肯定句中表推测，“一定”的意思。注意：can not表示“不可能”，而may not表示“或许不可能不”，两者语气上有区别。译

27、文：布什先生按时做好一切事。他来参加开幕式迟到了可能会是什么样的情景呢? 例7、My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture.A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attendedC. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended答案为A。【解析】 “情态动词+不定式完成式”有各自的含义。must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，多用于肯定句中；neednt have done表

28、示过去本不必做的事情；shouldnt have done表示过去做了不该做的事情；cant (couldnt) have done表示对过去的否定性推测，意为“不可能”。所提供的情境My sister met him at the Grand 表示他不可能参加讲座。 例8、He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he_ a goal.A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored答案为D。【解析】 根据otherwise可以判断出要用虚拟语

29、气。表示过去发生的事要用would have scored。译文：在踢球前他犹豫了一会儿，否则他就会射中球门。例9、Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried chicken just now.A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eaten答案为C。【解析】 just now是表示过去的时间状语。情态动词在表示过去发生的事时，必须用“情态动词+have+过去分词的形式”。所以只能在选项B或C中确定答案。mustnt ha

30、ve eaten是一个错误选项，因为“mustnt+动词”表示“禁止”，不表示判断或推测。译文：噢，我觉得胃不舒服。我刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。 例10、I was really anxious about you .You_ home without a word.A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have left D. neednt leave答案为B。【解析】 should t have done表示本来不应该做而做了，含责备意味。译文：我真为你着急，你不应该不说一句话就离开了家。另外注意mustnt+动词表示“禁止”。 第三节 巩固练习Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.1. Isn t that Anns husband over there?No, it _ be him . Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not