牛津译林版八年级上册8AUnit13语法点形容词副词的原级比较级与最高级精讲精练含答案.docx

1、牛津译林版八年级上册8AUnit13语法点形容词副词的原级比较级与最高级精讲精练含答案牛津译林版8A形容词副词的原级、比较级与最高级精讲精练一、形容词的原级、比较级和最高级1. 形容词的定义形容词(adjective),简称adj.，是用来修饰事或物的属性特点性质的词，一般用于名词之前，用形容词的原级。例：The picture on the wall is very beautiful.English is my favourite subject.He is very tall and strong.程度副词very, so, too, enough, quite可用于修饰形容词原级。例：

2、The man is very/quite handsome.The tripes are too hot to eat.The food is so delicious that I cant wait to eat it.He is brave enough to fight with the bad guy.2. 形容词的用法1) 形容词作定语形容词作定语,放在名词之前,不定代词之后。例：He lives in a beautiful house. 他住在一座漂亮的房子里。There is nothing important in todays newspaper. 今天报纸上没有什么重

3、要内容。2) 形容词作表语形容词作表语,放在系动词(be, feel, look, smell, taste, sound, get, become, keep, turn, seem等)之后。例：Everything will be all right. 一切都会好的。After a long walk, I felt tired. 走了很远的一段路后我累了。3) 形容词作宾语补足语 形容词做宾语补足语,放在宾语之后,常与make, leave, keep, find等动词连用。例：He keeps the classroom clean every day. 他们每天保持教室干净。Peop

4、le usually keep the vegetables fresh in the fridge. 人们常把蔬菜放在冰箱里保鲜。4) 形容词的名词化,“the+形容词”表示一类人,相当于名词,用作主语或宾语。例：The old often think of old things. 老人常想起过去的事情。They are going to build a school for the deaf and the blind. 他们将要给聋人和盲人盖一所学校。5) 形容词作状语例：These soldiers spent three days in the cold weather, cold

5、and hungry.这些士兵们在冷天里度过了三天,又冷又饿。He lay in bed, awake. 他躺在床上，醒着。Sure enough, she was there. 果然，她在那。6) 形容词的先后顺序如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时, 形容词的先后顺序由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定, 越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面, 音节多的形容词放在后面。为方便记忆,可记住一句话：美小圆新黄,法国木书房。限定词数词性状形容词冠词、指示代词、物主代词序数词基数词描绘性形容词形状、大小长短、高低年龄、新旧、温度颜色国籍地区出处

6、材料物质目的用途a(n)thethismyhisfirstsecondthirdonetwothreegoodkindsickrudenicelittlebiglargelongroundsquareoldnewhotcoldwhiteyellowredblackBritishChineseAsianeasterncottonmetalstonesilkwritingmedical2. 形容词的同级比较同级比较，即表示两者(A与B)在某一方面相同时用句型：A + 谓语 + as + 形容词 + as + B 表示“和一样”例：English is as important as Maths.

7、英语和数学一样重要。You are as tall as Jim. 你和吉姆一样高。A + 谓语 + not + as/so + 形容词 + as + B 表示“和不一样，A不如B”例：You are not as/so tall as Jim. 你和吉姆不一样高。(你没有吉姆高/你比吉姆矮)This book is not as/so interesting as that one. 这本书没有那本书有趣。3. 形容词的比较级与最高级当我们将两个对象进行比较时，我们要用形容词的比较级，表示“较”、“更一些”、“比更”当被比较的对象是三个或三个以上时，我们要用形容词的最高级，表示“最”被比较的

8、对象可以是人也可以是事或物。形容词最高级前面通常要加定冠词the形容词的比较级和最高级构成方法如下表：词尾变化原级比较级最高级单音节和部分双音节词大多数后加er或estgreatyounghighhardsmallnewgreateryoungerhigherhardersmallernewergreatestyoungesthighesthardestsmallestnewest以e结尾的词后加r或stsafelatelargenicesaferlaterlargernicersafestlatestlargestnicest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写最后一个字母，再加er或es

9、tbighotthinbiggerhotterthinnerbiggesthottestthinnest以辅音字母+y结尾的词，去掉y，再加ier或iestearlyeasybusyfriendlyearliereasierbusierfriendlierearliesteasiestbusiestfriendliest多音节和部分双音节词在词前面加more或mostcarefulbeautifuluselessseriousgladtiredmore carefulmore beautifulmore uselessmore seriousmore gladmore tiredmost ca

10、refulmost beautifulmost uselessmost seriousmost gladmost tired不规则变化无具体，需单独记忆good/wellbad/illmany/muchlittlefaroldbetterworsemorelessfarther/furtherolder/elderbestworstmostleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest形容词比较级常见于以下句式：1) 通常情况下，我们用“比较级+than”来引出比较的第二部分。例：You are taller than him/he is.This story is m

11、ore interesting than that one.2) 我们用“Which/Who+比较级，or？”的句型来表示在两者中选择。例：Which is bigger, the sun or the earth？Who is taller, Tom or Terry？3) 我们可在比较级前加上a little, a bit, a great deal, a lot, much, even, still, far, any等副词表示程度。例：China is much larger than Japan. I am a little taller than him.4) 我们用“比较级+an

12、d+比较级”或“more and more+原级”的结构表示人或事物本身程度的改变。例：The boys are getting stronger and stronger.It is becoming more and more popular for young people to record their lives with Tik Tok.5) “倍数/岁数 + 比较级 + than”表示“比.大(小)多少倍/多少岁”例：This garden is four times larger than that one. My brother is three years older th

13、an me.6) “比较级 + than any other + 名词单数”表示“比任何都”用于同一类人或物在某同一范围内比较。例：Mike is taller than any other boy in his class. (Mike也是这个班里的) =Mike is taller than other boys in his class. =Mike is the tallest boy in his class.China is larger than any other country in Asia.7) “比较级 + than any + 名词单数”表示“比任何都”用于同一类人或

14、物在不同范围内比较。例：Mike is taller than any boy in my class. (Mike不是我们班的)Shanghai is larger than any city in Shandong.8) “the + 比较级 + of the two”突出两者中更.的那一个例：Mike is the taller of the two.9) “less + 形容词的原级 + than”表示“不如、不及”。例：This computer is less expensive than that one.10) “the + 比较级, the + 比较级”表示一方程度随另一方程

15、度变化而变化，意为“越就越”例：The older you grow, the wiser you will become. The more difficult the problem is,the more careful we should be.11) “not + 比较级 + than”表示一方不如另一方 *“no + 比较级 + than”表示前者和后者一样都不例：I am not taller than you. 我没有你高。 I am no taller than you. 我们都不高。形容词最高级常见于以下句式：1) 我们用“形容词性物主代词+最高级”的结构表示某人或某事的“

16、最”例：Peter is his oldest son. 皮特是他最年长的儿子。2) 用“the + 最高级 + 比较范围”的结构来表示某一范围的“最” 可以用介词of和among后面接表示范围的人或物，in后面接表示范围的名词和名词性短语例：I am the tallest of/among the three. Russia is the largest country in the world.3) 用“the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 名词单数 + 范围”表示“在中是第几”例：China is the third largest country in the world.4) 用“o

17、ne of the + 最高级 + 名词复数”表示“最的之一”例：One of the most important qualities is honesty. China is one of the largest countries in the world.【注意】one of有三大考点：1. 后跟形容词最高级；2. 后接可数名词复数形式；3. 作主语时主语为one，故谓语动词用单数形式写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级原级比较级最高级原级比较级最高级longwelllargethinhotgoodbadlittledeliciousmuchearlyfastdifficulthardman

18、yfaroldoftenbusytallslowsmallfewsmartnicelatebravefunnyhappylazyheavydirtybeautifulinterestingdangerouspoliteexpensiveimportantcarefulquick适当形式填空1.He is 3 times as _(old) as me. 2.Im too tired to go any _.(far)3.Who is _(clever), Lily or Lucy? 4.Tom is the _(heavy) of the three.5.Tom is the _ (heavy

19、) of the two boys.6.Russia is _(large) than any other country in the world.7.His computer is the _(expensive) of all.8.You are pretty _(beautiful).9.The book is _(useful) than that one.10.Whos the _(healthy) , you, he or she?11.How _(small) the shirt is! I want a _ (big) one.12.I feel much _(excited

20、) now.13.Soccer is becoming _ and _ _(popular) in China.14.The _(much) you practice, the _ (good) your English will be.15.Its the third _ (long) river in China.二、副词的原级，比较级和最高级1.副词的定义副词(Adverb 简称adv.)是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。2.副词的分类副词可分为：时间副词、频率副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词

21、、关系副词、表顺序、表完成的副词等。1) 时间频率副词：now，then，often，always，usually，next，already(已经)，generally(一般地)，frequently(频繁地)，seldom/hardly(很少的)，ever，never，yet，soon，too，immediately(立即)，finally，shortly(很快)，before，ago，sometimes，yesterday，once，twice，lately，recently，personally，today2) 地点副词：here，there，everywhere，anywhere，so

22、mewhere，in，out，inside，outside，above，below，up，down，back，forward(向前的)，home，upstairs(楼上的)，downstairs，across，along，round，around，near，off，past，up，away，on3) 方式副词：carefully，properly(适当地)，anxiously(焦虑地)，suddenly，normally(正常地)，fast，well，calmly(冷静地)，politely(礼貌地)，proudly(自豪地)，softly，warmly，slowly，badly，hard，b

23、ravely4) 程度副词：much，little，very，rather(相当)，so，too，still，quite，perfectly(完美地)，enough，extremely(非常)，entirely(整个)，almost，slightly(细小地)，hardly5) 疑问副词：how， when， where， why6) 关系副词：when， where， why7) 连接副词：therefore(因此)，moreover，however，otherwise，then，when，where，how，why8) 表顺序的副词：first，then，next，finally，afte

24、rwards，primarily9) 完成时的副词：already，ever，just，never，since，yet，recently3.副词的放置位置1) 多数副词放在动词后面，或者放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前。 如果实义动词后有宾语，则放于宾语之后。例：I am also Bush. 我也是布什。I can also do that. 我也可以这样做。I also want to play that games. 我也想玩这游戏。I get up early in the morning every day. 每一天的早晨我都起得很早。We can go to thi

25、s school freely. 我们可以免费到这家学校学习。They left a life hardly then. 当时他们的生活很艰难。2) 副词修饰形容词时，一般放在被修饰词之前，但enough除外。例：Its rather easy, I can do it. 这很容易，我能做到。He did it quite well. 他做得相当好。Its rather difficult to tell who is right. 很难说谁是对的。He didnt run fast enough to catch the train. 他的奔跑速度不足以快到能够追上火车。3) 频度副词可放在

26、实义动词的前面，情态动词和助动词的后面。例：I often help him these days. 这些日子我经常帮助他。I always remember the day when I first came to this school.You couldnt always help me. 你不能老是帮助我。We usually go shopping once a week. 我们通常一周买一次东西。The new students dont always go to dance. 新学生并不时常去跳舞。4) 疑问副词，连接副词，关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词，通常放在句子或从句的前面

27、。例：When do you study everyday? 你每天什么时间学习?First, let me ask you some questions. 先让我来问几个问题。5) 时间副词和地点副词在一个句中，地点副词在前面，时间副词在后面。例：We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 oclock yesterday.昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了.What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午你在教室里干什么？The accident took place in the

28、Eleven Avenue one hour ago.这场事故在一小时前发生在十一号大街。6) *否定副词在句首，句子要部分倒装。例：Never have I felt so excited! 我从来没有觉得这么激动！4.副词的比较级与最高级我们对事物进行比较时，会用副词的比较级和最高级，构成方法如下表：变化规则原级比较级最高级单音节词大多数加er或estlowfasthardlatesoonlowerfasterharderlatersoonerlowestfastesthardestlatestsoonest多音节和部分双音节词在词前加more或mostcarefullybeautifullyhappilyquicklyquietlymore carefullymore beautifullymore happilymore quicklymore quietlymost carefullymost beautifullymost happilymost quicklymost quietly不规则变化不规则wellbadlyfarmuchlittlebetterworsefarther/furthermorelessbestworstfarthest/furthestmostleast