中考英语综合填空的解题技巧.docx

1、中考英语综合填空的解题技巧浅谈新形式下中考英语综合填空的解题技巧词语运用（10小题，每小题1分，共10分）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。请将答案 写在相应题号后的横线上。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。方框中有两个词是多余的。 receive minute When helpful early if I from WaSte three year butMiChaCl Leung, a famous TV host （主持人）in HOng Kong, WrOte a Ietter to his son. It is not Only 66 to ChiI

2、dren. but also good for all ages. The following are ChOSen 67 his letter.1 Life is ShOrt WhiIe you are 68 it today, youll realize you are at the end Ofit tomorrOw. SO the earlier you Start to ValUe your life, the 69 you Can enjoy it.2.YOU might not be SUCCeSSfUl 70 you don,t StUdy hard. although a I

3、Ot Of SUCCeSSfUl PeOPle haven,t 71 hieher educatio n.3.1 dont expect you to SUPPOrt （供养）me for the rest Of 72 life, SO m not going to do the Same for you. YOU Will be IiVing On your OWn WhCn you grow up.4.YOU Can require yourself to be nice to others, 73 you shouldnt expect the Same from OtherS5.ve

4、been buying the IOttery （彩票）for almost twenty 74 . but m Still poor. I have never got the 75 PlaCe even OnCe SO you have to WOrk hard to be SlICCeSSfUL ThCre is no free IUnCh in the WOrld 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 【主旨大意】香港著名主持人MiChael LeUng给他的儿子写了一封信，这封信不仅对儿童有 帮助，对各个年龄的人来说受益匪浅。66 helpf

5、ul 67. from 6& WaSting 69. earlier 70. if71. received 72. Iny 73. but 74 years 75. Third选词填空考查的是考生对文章的整体理解，因此选词填空题的解题步骤为：1.跳读全文，把握大意。考生首先应快速通读全文，了解文章的中心思想，通过对文章的分析，把握文章的背景、主 题，结合每段的首句和末句，把握文章的结构。2阅读选项，词性分类。接下来要仔细阅读选项。因为选项是单词，而非句子或语段，所以考试难度就大大下降了， 考生应根据词性把每个单词进行分类归纳，如：动词、划词、形容词等。3.前后结合，寻找线索。注意空格前后的结构

6、和搭配，选择词性、单复数、时态和意义均符合文章上下文要求的词填 入空格处，特别要注意瞻前顾后，保持文章前后通顺、流畅。同时在做题过程中可用排除 法逐渐减少备选词汇。4.重读全文，查漏补缺，核实答案。 选择完成后，考生必须将所选单词带入原文进行复读，确认上下文衔接与否并核实答案。值 得一提的是，如果考生觉得某些选项需要调整，只能进行谨慎微调，切忌将自己已做岀的选 择全部推翻重选，那样做题效率会大大降低。河南省中考英语词语运用是对学生掌握的词性,句子结构，语法进行了较为全面的检测， 属于选词填空型“完形填空，命题人选择一篇长度在200个单词左右的文章，从中挖去10 个单词，文章提供12个备选项，让

7、学生根据短文内容选择正确的词语填空。此类题型主要 是要求学生在正确理解和把握文章的基础上通过分析行文线索来填写空缺单词。下而就此题 型进行简单的分析，对做题技巧进行扼要的说明。1.先快速浏览所给表格中的词语的汉语意思。我们知道要做这种题材的题必须具有一沱的词汇量。因此在平时，同学们须熟练掌握初 中教材的所有单词和短语。此外，还要掌握一些构词法知识和进行大量的课外阅读来扩大词 汇量。只要你正确的判断出每一个的意思，才能正确的入选于题中。2.统览全局，把握大意。要填的单词肯定是在一立的语言环境中才能确定。只有了解了短文的大意，耙握了全局 才能主导方向，从而有助于正确理解空缺词所在的句子，缩小词的选

8、择范用。3.根据语法，判定词性。一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性。进一步缩小词的选 择范用，从而正确地选词。在根据前后文判断每空的词性时，一些经常考查的形式如下：(1)划词：通常来说，冠词(如a, an, the)、数词、形容词、介词后而搭配名词，例如： Ive been buying the IOttery (彩票)for almost twenty . (2011 年河南)根据数词+名词”的语法规则来判断，横线处应该填一个名词，而且是一个可数爼 词的复数形式，正确答案是years,这句话的意思是“我买彩票几乎20年了。”(2)动词：动词的考点很多，我们来看其中三种

9、：1.主语后缺谓语动词。He from his teachers, Came home in tears and thought about dropping out.在这句 话里，主语是he,本来后而应该有一个动词作谓语，但是这里没有动词，而是在横线后而出 现了一个介词短语from his teachers,这样这句话就缺少谓语动词，所以横线上应该填一个 动词。正确答案是hid,这句话的意思是“他不愿见老师，哭着回家，想要退学。”2.当出现“一个完整的句子+ , +名词/介词”的结构时，逗号后边的部分是伴 随状语，表示伴随状态或者表示原因，应当填动词加ing形式或动词加Cd形式。当这个动 词

10、与句子主语是主动关系，填动词加ing形式，当两者是被动关系，填动词加Cd形式。举例说明：The rainfall is increased across SOUth AmeriCa, floods to Pe. (06-6)根据独立主格结 构原则，应该填动词ing或动词cd,选项中只有bringing符合要求。从意思来看，bring “带 来与rainfall 降雨”之间是主动关系，即Uthe rainfall brings floods,所以用bringing无 论从意思上还是结构上都符合要求。3.横线处如果填谓语动词，往往与上下半句的谓语动词时态一致。举例说明：In PartiCular,

11、 When Older PatientS Of pain, they Were told it WaS a natural Part Of agingand Ihey WOllId have to ICanl to IiVe With it. (07-6)上半句 When 的从句里有主语 PatientS但没有 谓语，因此横线处填谓语动词。下半句的谓语动词为WCrC和WOUId都是一般过去时，因此 横线里填一个一般过去时的谓语动词。正确答案是complained.形容词：当岀现ahcthcmostmorc+划词”的结构时，横线处通常填形容词举例说明：The 1982-83 El NinO br

12、ought the most Weather in modern history; (06-6) the most 后而加形容词，表示形容词的最高级。正确答案是destructiveo副词：1.当一句话完整的时候，句尾的空往往是副词。举例说明：Today, We Iake Pain . (07-6)这句话有主语wc,谓语lake,宾语pain,表达完整的意思，句尾判断应该填副词。正确答案是SeriOUSlyO2.当一句话出现主语+ +谓语”的情况时，横线处通常填副词。 举例说明：In AriZOna and Texas, bilingual StUdentS OUtPerfOnn their

13、PeerS in monolingualprograms。主语是students,谓语是outperform,两者之间通常填副词。正确答案是COnSiStentlyo4利用语境，确定词形。当确立了一个单词的词性后可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式。如动词的人称数、时态、 语态、不定式、动词的-ing形式；划词的数和所有格：代词的各种形式及单复数；形容词、 副词的比较级以及基数词、序数词的转换形式等。5.注意固定搭配根据空格前后之间的固定搭配关系来分析。如be good at, be interested in. make progress, at least, at most, at last, i

14、n this way, Pay a ViSit to, take Care of, a IOt of, have a POPuIatiOn of, get On Well with, have a party, give Sb sth. ask Sb to do sth. be / get USed to. SPend.doing, so.that.2注意前后句中的时态，判断选用何种用法。比如下面一逍题学生能选出用哪一个单词，但是就是不得分，为什么呢？我认貞的看每 一位同学的卷子,结果发现他们绝大数的使用的是现在时态，并没有注意前而所给岀的时态。 例如：有这样一道题那就：HOW OId Wer

15、e you When you your EngIiSh ?很多的同学都选出了单词Start却不得分，因为他们做题并没有考虑前面的时态。因此望学生在做题时一 定注意前后句子的时态。三思而后做。4.利用上下语境就是利用上下文的意思与结构来填空,这个上下文可能是空格所处的那个句本身的前部 分和后部分，也可能是空格前后的那个或那几句子,还有可能前后段落或对整篇文章的理解。 有时甚至还要结合常识进行简单的逻辑推理才能准确判断出该填哪个词。5.抓住语篇标志如 but, although, first.then.finally 等等。6.别忘所给提示一定要结合所给句子的意思或者供选择的词汇来考虑。7先易后难

16、，个个突破。对于此类题型来说总有一到两个是比较难的，在做的过程中对于学生来说要先把容易的 选上，缩小所选词的范国来减少题的难度。这样正确率就会大大提高，而不影响做题的速度 和自己的心理。&注重句子的结构，分析句子成分。在初中英语中我们已经简单的学过了基本的五种句型即主谓结构，主系表结构，主谓宾 结构，主谓宾宾补构等，把你遇到的进行分析看看是否属于这些结构中一种，这样或许对你 做题也有帮助。例如：HCdidWhathCCoIlld (help) US to StUdy .对于这题我们就应该利用句子成分来做。通过分析，我们知道缺目的状语。因此，应填to help .总之，要做好综合填空，不是那么简

17、单的事，对于学生来说，不能急于求成，要稳打稳 扎。平时多做多想多分析，当你具备听说读写综合能力时再加上做题技巧，我想这时候你一 定会对你自己有所提高而感到髙兴。努力吧，同学们，我相信你们会成功的。英语选词填空试题解题指导要完成好这类题，做到事半功倍，需要掌握一泄的方法与技巧。1.统览全局，把握大意。要填的单词肯世是在一立的语言环境中才能确定。只有了解了 短文的大意，把握了全局才能主导方向，从而有助于正确理解空缺词所在的句子，缩小词的 选择范围。2.根据语法，判定词性。一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其 词性。进一步缩小词的选择范围,从而正确地选词。3.利用语境，确泄词形。当

18、确泄了一个单词的词性后可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式。 如动词的人称数、时态、语态、不立式、动词的-ing形式：名词的数和所有格：代词的各种 形式及单复数：形容词、副词的比较级以及基数词、序数词的转换形式等。4.复读全文，验正答案。填完单词后，不可孤立地逐个检査词，而必须将所有填入的词 代入文章中，复读全文，仔细检査所填词是否符合文章的情景内容，读起来是否流畅，是否 合乎句法，单词拼写是否有误，单词形式是否正确等。发现问题及时更正。通过再读全文， 很可能利用语感将个别特别难的空处顺口 “读”出来。举例分析先阅读短文，掌握其大意。然后从方框中所给的词中选岀最恰当的10 个，并用其适当形式填空，每个

19、词限用一次。French, same, words, Chinese, example, many, why, great, much, what, another, tellLangUageS Change With time and the world. SO does English. NeW _1_ are borrowed from Other languages. AbOUt nine hundred years ago there Were _2_ ChangeS in England. A great _3_ WOrdS Were borrowed into EngliSh f

20、rom _4_. AbOUt five hundred years ago there WaS _5_ change. ThiS time it WaS a Change in PronUnCiatiOn (发音)，but the SPelling WaS not _6_ changed. EngliSh WOrdS are SPelled QUite the _7_ as they Were in those days. The SPelIing ShOWS how WOrdS Were SPOken at that time. It does not _8_ US much about t

21、he PrOnUnCiation Of WOrdS today. FOr _9_, the IetterS U ghM in the WOrd Unighto ShOW US nothing about how it is SPOken now That* S _10_ StUdentS Iearning EngIiSh find EngIiSh SPelIing SO COnfUSing （容易弄混淆的）答案简析 通过阅读，我们知道这是一篇关于英语词汇和读音的演变。1.WOrdSO意思是“一些新的词汇是借用于英他语言”。 2. greatO “巨大的变化”为great Change hard

22、, to remember, soldier, kind,birthday, teacher, sea,HaVe you ever Seen more than 500, 000 flowers together? It * S 1_ to think of, you may say. BUt In OCtOber , you Can See that many Or even more flowers in Beijing! In Tian, anmen SqUarel you Can See big fountains （喷泉）and more than 300, 000 POtS（盆）o

23、f red and yellow flowers around them! ParkS in Beijing are also a 2 of flowers There are all kinds Of things 3 Of flowers including a dragon and even the Great WaI 1. AlI the flowers are 4 the 55th NatiOnal Day Of the People* S RePUbIiC Of Chinal The NatiOnaI Day is a day 5 the Start Of a COUntry In

24、 SOme COUntrieSJ it is CalIed the IndePendenCe Day（独立 i*f） PeOPIe in different COUntrieS CeIebrate their NatiOnaI Day in different 6 In Chinat the NatiOnaI Day 7 a IOng SeVen-da3r holiday. PeOPIe Can have a rest from WOrk and travel around Fo:T SOme important years, Like the 50th birthday Of the cou

25、ntry, there are big 8 ParadeS （lf） in Tian, anmen SqUare In France, NatiOnaI Day is JUIy 14th On that day, the PreSident Of COUntry WilI WatCh a soldiers Parade in PariS FrenCh PeOPIe get together in CafeS to enjoy holiday InUSiC and food The IndePendenCe Day Of the US is Orl JUIy 4th In that day it

26、 became independent from Britain MOSt AmeriCanS CeIebrate the day With family and friends They have PiCniCS and WatCh fireworks ShOWS Greek PeOPIe 9 their national dress Orl their NatiOnaI Day On MarCh 25. FlagS fly everrwhere PeOPIe go to ChUrCh in the morning However, in SOme COUntrieS Iike Britai

27、n, SOme PeOPIe don t think the national day is important The NatiOnaI Day Of Britain is the Queen, S 10 In JUnet but not many PeOPle CeIebrate it.B：短文填空，从下面方框中选出10个单词，用它们的适当形式填入短文空格内，使短 文意思正确、通顺。(注意：每词限用一次，其中有两词多余)feel , give , turn, WOrk , help , Waiter , thing , nearly ,he ,OnIy , else, oneA WOman

28、 WaS eating in a restaurant She asked the Waiter to do many (1) for her NOW She WaS (2) the Waiter a IOt Of trouble(3) , She asked the Waiter to turn On the air COnditioner(空调)because She (4) toohot Then She asked him to (5) it Off because She WaS too COld ThiS WentOrl and On for (6) half an hour BU

29、t the Waiter WaS Very kind and (7) He did everything the WOman asked (8) to do WithOUt getting angry. Finally, SOmeOne (9) in the restaurant asked Why the (10) didn*t just throw the WOInan OUt o0h, I don t Care the Waiter said, SmiIing OWe do, t even have an air COnditiOner MC：CalI , SWim , anything

30、 , CIeVer , bear , Can , his , give , girl , SOmething , read , takeMany years ago f there WaS a family 1 FrankIin They IiVed in BOStOn There Were five 2 and SiX boys in the family On a JanUary day in 1760 , anotherbaby boy 3 They boy S mother and his father 4 the boy a name Benjamin Benjamin WaS the 5 Of all the Children He COUId read When he WaSfive and he 6 Write by the time he WaS SeVen When he WaS eight he WaS Sentto SChOOI In SChOOI Benjamin had been good at 7 and Writing but not goodat maths He read all Of 8 fat