备考小升初英语动词时态总汇.docx

1、备考小升初英语动词时态总汇1、 比较过去时与现在完成时1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week， ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately现在完成时的

2、时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不确定的时间状语3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。举例：I saw this film yesterday.I have seen this film.Why

3、did you get up so early?Who hasn t handed in his paper?She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。He has been in the League for three years.He has been a League member for three years.He joined the League three years ago.I have finished my homework now.-Will somebody go and

4、get Dr. White?-He s already been sent for.句子中如有过去时的时间副词时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.2 用于现在完成时的句型1)It is the first / second time . that 结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。It is the first time that I have visited the city.It was the thi

5、rd time that the boy had been late.2)This is the that 结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.This is the best film that I ve seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。This is the first time I ve heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。典型例题-Do you know our town at all?-No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming答案B. This is t

6、he first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。-Have you _ been to our town before?-No, it s the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完

7、成时。注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。I have received his letter for a month.I haven t received his letter for almost a month.3 比较since和forSince 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1

8、949.Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。I worked here for more than twenty years.I have worked here for many

9、years.小窍门： 当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。1) Tom has studied Russian for three years.= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2) Harry has got married for six years.= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.显然，第二

10、句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.4 since的四种用法1) since +过去一个时间点 。I have been here since 1989.2) since +一段时间+ agoI have been here since five months ago.3) since +从句Great changes have taken place since you left.Considerable time has elapsed since we have

11、been here.4) It is +一段时间+ since从句It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.5 延续动词与瞬间动词1) 用于完成时的区别延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。I ve known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。2) 用于till / until从句的差异延续动词用于肯定句，表示 做 直到 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示 到 ，才He didn t come back

12、 until ten o clock.他到10 点才回来。He slept until ten o clock.他一直睡到10点。典型例题1. You don t need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。2.-I m sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _ here only a f

13、ew minutes.A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。6 过去完成时1) 概念：表示过去的过去-|-|-|- 其构成是had +过去分词构成。那时以前 那时 现在2) 用法a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。She said she had never been to Paris.b. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时;发生在后，用一般过去时。When the police arrived, the

14、 thieves had run away.c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示 原本 ，未能We had hoped that you would come, but you didn t.3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。He said that he had learned some English before.By the time he was twelve, Edison had beg

15、an to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.典型例题The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left答案D. 把书忘在

16、办公室 发生在 去取书 这一过去的动作之前，因此 忘了书 这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在 同学们正忙于 这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。注意： had no when 还没等 就had no sooner than 刚 就He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.7 用一般过去时代替完成时1) 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。When she saw the mouse，she screamed.My

17、aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.2 ) 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。When I heard the news, I was very excited.3) 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.8 将来完成时1) 构成will / be going to do sth.2) 概念a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来

18、的动作之前，已经完成的动作或一获得的经验。They will have been married for 20 years by then.You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.9 现在进行时现在进行时的基本用法：a. 表示现在 正在发生的事情。We are waiting for you.b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr. Green is writing another novel.She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.c. 表示渐变的动词有：ge

19、t, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。The leaves are turning red.It s getting warmer and warmer.d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。You are always changing your mind.典型例题My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost, don t find B. is miss

20、ing, don t find C. has lost, haven t found D. is missing, haven t found.答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。10 不用进行时的动词1) 事实状态的动词have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continueI have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2)

21、 心理状态的动词Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hateI need your help.He loves her very much.3 ) 瞬间动词accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.I accept your advice.4) 系动词seem, remain, lie

22、, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turnYou seem a little tired.11 过去进行时1) 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2) 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。3) 常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, whileMy brother fell while he was riding his bicycl

23、e and hurt himself.It was raining when they left the station.When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.典型例题1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性， 玛丽在做衣服时 提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。2) As she _ the newspape

24、r, Granny _ asleep.read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为 当 之时 。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。 句中的 fell ，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。12 将来进行时1) 概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。She ll be coming soon.I ll be meeting

25、him sometime in the future.注意：将来进行时不用于表示 意志 ，不能说 I ll be having a talk with her.2)常用的时间状语Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow eveningBy this time tomorrow, I ll be lying on the beach.13 一般现在时代替将来时时间状语从句，条件句中，从句用一般现在时代替将来时When, while, before, after, til

26、l, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case , unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediatelyHe is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。典型例题He said he_me a present unless I_ in doing the experiment.A. had not given; had no

27、t succeeded B. would not give; succeedC. will not give; succeed D. would not give; will succeed.答案B. 在时间，条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题有He said，故为过去式。主句用将来时，故选B. 此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动。The museum opens at ten tomorrow. 博物馆明天10点开门。14 一般现在时代替过去时1 ) 书上说 ， 报纸上说 等。The newspaper says that it s going t

28、o be cold tomorrow.报纸上说明天会很冷的。2) 叙述往事，使其生动。Napoleon s army now advances and the great battle begins.15 一般现在时代替完成时1) 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时：hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember.I hear he will go to London.I forget how old he is.2) 句型 It is since 代替 It has been since3) It

29、 is five years since we last met11.25 一般现在时代替进行时1) 句型：Here comes ; There goesLook, here comes Mr. Li.16 现在进行时代替将来时1) 表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。Are you staying with us this weekend? 这周和我们一起度周末吗?We are leaving soon. 我们马上就走。2) 渐变动词，如：get, run, grow, become, begin及die。He is dying.17 时态一致1) 如果从句所叙述的为真理或不变的事实，则永远

30、用现在时。At that time, people did not know that the earth moves.He told me last week that he is eighteen.2) 宾语从句中的助动词ought, need, must, dare 时态是不变的。He thought that I need not tell you the truth.18 时态与时间状语时间状语一般现在时 every , sometimes, at , on Sunday,一般过去时 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, i