高考英语45个高频词的一词多义和固定搭配.docx

1、高考英语45个高频词的一词多义和固定搭配高考英语45个高频词的一词多义和固定搭配1costThe ticket cost me ten dollars.（此句中cost用作及物动词,意为“花费”,这是cost的常用法之一。）The cost of living is much higher now than it was two years ago.（此句中cost用作名词,意为“价格,成本,费用”,这是它的常用法之二。）cost除了以上用法外,还有其它用法。如: Has this project been costed?(cost用作及物动词,意为“估价,估计成本”。) I must get

2、 the book at all costs.(at all costs意为“无论如何,不惜任何代价”。) She saved him from drowning, but at the cost of her own life.(at the cost of sth.意为“以牺牲某事物为代价”。)2dealTeachers should deal fairly with their pupils.（此句中deal用作不及物动词,常和with连用,意为“对待”,这是deal的常用法。）deal还有其它用法。如:She spent a good deal of money on new clot

3、hes.(a good deal of意为“很多,大量”后接不可数名词。)We tried to make sure everyone got a fair deal.(a fair deal意为“公平的待遇”。)My bank deals in stocks and shares now.(deal in意为“经营”。)The teacher dealt out the test papers to the students.(deal out意为“分发”。)3interestinterest在教材中的意思为“兴趣”和“使感兴趣”,分别作名词和动词用。The money I borrowed

4、 from him was repaid with interest.What he did was just to protect his own interests.上面句子中的两个interest都作名词用。作“利息”讲时,为不可数名词;作“利益,好处”讲时,多用复数形式。第一句可译为“我向他借的那笔钱是带息偿还的。”;第二句可译为“他所做的一切仅仅是为了保护他自己的利益。”4driveCan you drive a car?(drive用作动词,意思为“开车,驾驶”,是教材中的第一种用法。)Lets go for a drive in the country.(drive用作名词,意思

5、为“驱车旅行”,是教材中的第二种用法。)除了以上用法外, drive还有其它用法。如：The workers carried on a drive for greater efficiency last month.(drive用作名词,意思为“运动”。)There are three buses parked on the drive.(drive用作名词,意思为“车道”。)Poverty drove the little boy to steal.(drive用作动词,意思为“驱使”。)Im sure that Ive driven my opinion home.(drive sth.

6、home意思为“把讲透彻,使充分理解”。)Please drive the dog away.(drive sb./sth. away意思为“把赶跑”。)5join v.& n.What club do you want to join?（此句中的join是及物动词,意为“加入,参加”,这是其最常见的用法。）另外它还有其它用法。如:The two rivers join at the bridge.(此句中的join是不及物动词,意为“会合,联合,相遇”。)The two pieces were stuck together so well that we could hardly see t

7、he join.(此句中的join是名词,意为“连接处,接缝”。)6dreamdream在教材中有两种用法:用作动词时意思为“做梦,梦到”;用作名词时意思为“梦想,幻想”。dream除了以上用法外,还有以下几种用法。如：Her new dress is an absolute dream.(dream用作名词,意思为“美丽或美好的人或事物”。)My aunts wedding ceremony went like a dream.(go like a dream是固定短语,意思为“非常顺利,完美”。)7knowIve known David for 20 years.I hope we hav

8、e taught our children to know right from wrong.The old man has known both poverty and wealth.know在教材中的意思为“知道,了解”,作动词用。在上面的三个句子中, know都作动词用,第一个know的意思为“认识”;第二个know的意思为“区分”;第三个know的意思为“亲身经历”。8failIf you dont work hard, you may fail.（此句中fail意为“失败;不及格,没有通过考试”。）fail还有其它用法。如: He never fails to write to hi

9、s mother every week.(fail意为“忘记、忽视或未能做某事”。) She has been failing in health.(fail in意为“(健康状况)衰退”。) His friends failed him when he most needed them.(fail意为“使失望, 辜负”。) I had three passes and one fail.(fail用作名词,意为“考试不及格”。) Ill be there at two oclock without fail.(without fail意为“肯定,一定,必定”。)9leadlead在教材中有两

10、种用法:用作动词时意思为“引导,领导”; 用作名词意为“领先；领先地位；带头”除了教材中的用法外,lead还有以下几种用法。如：Which road leads to the mountain?(lead用作动词,意思为“通向,通往”。)My grandmother is leading a quiet life in the countryside.(lead用作动词,意思为“过某种生活”。)Not having a balanced diet can lead to health problems.(lead用作动词,意思为“导致”。)Her brother took the lead i

11、n the high jump.(lead用作名词,意思为“领先地位”。)In this new film, she is the lead.(lead用作名词,意思为“主角”。)10fallThe leaves fall in autumn.（此句中fall用作动词,意为“落下,下降”,这是其常用法。）fall还有其它用法。如:I had a fall and broke my arm.(fall用作名词,意为“跌落,掉下,降落”。)Our holiday plans fell through because of bad weather.(fall through 意为“落空,未能实现,成

12、为泡影”。)My car is falling apart.(fall apart意为“破裂,破碎,散架”。)We fell about (laughing) when we heard the joke.(fall about意为“无法控制地大笑”。)Sam, please fall back on old friends in time of need.(fall back on意为“求助于,退到”。)11lowThe sun is low in the sky.（此句中low用作形容词,意为“低的,矮的”,这是low的常用法。）low还有其它用法。如: Shes been feeling

13、 rather low since her illness.(low用作形容词,意为“消沉的”。) The simplest way to succeed in business is to buy low and sell high.(low用作副词,意为“低价地,廉价地”。) The gas is running low.(run low意为“几乎耗尽”。)12blindShe is blind in the left eye.（此句中blind用作形容词,意为“瞎的,盲人的”,这是blind的常用法。）blind还有其它用法。如:The blinds were drawn to prot

14、ect the new furniture from the sun.(blind用作名词,意为“窗帘,遮光物”。) The soldier was blinded in the explosion.(blind用作动词,意为“使失明”。) This is a blind letter.(blind letter意为“因地址写得不清而无法投寄的信件”。) He turned a blind eye to her mistakes.(turn a blind eye to意为“对熟视无睹”。) Hes blind as a bat without his glasses.(blind as a

15、bat意为“完全看不见东西的”。)13film大家都很熟悉film作名词时有“电影”的意思。除此之外film还有其它的意思。如：I put a new roll of film in my camera.(film在此句中作名词,意思为“胶卷,胶片”。)It took them nearly a year to film this TV series.(film在此句中作动词,意思为“拍摄”。)14landThe pilot landed the plane safely in the heavy snow.（此句中的land用作及物动词,意为“使着陆”,这是land的常用法之一。）The j

16、ourney to the far side of the island is quicker by land than by sea.（此句中的land用作名词,意为“陆地,大地”,这是land的常用法之二。）除了以上用法外,land还有其它用法。如: Many farmers are leaving the land to work in industry.(the land意为“农村,农业”。) The car will land you there in twenty minutes.(land用作动词,意为“使到达,把送到某地”。) Hes really landed himself

17、 in it this time.(land sb. / oneself in sth. 意为“使某人陷入困境”。) He wants to see how the land lies before taking any action.( how the land lies意为“事态,形势,概况”。)15causeShes always causing trouble.（此句中cause用作及物动词,意为“使发生,引起”,这是cause的常用法。）cause还有其它用法。如:Smoking is one of the causes of heart disease.(cause用作可数名词,意

18、为“原因,理由”。)People fought for the cause of freedom and peace.(cause用作名词,意为“事业,目标”。)16fullThe theater is full, Im afraid youll have to wait for the next show.（此句中full用作形容词,意为“满的,充满的”,这是full的常用法。）full还有其它用法。如: Jack hit him full in the face.(full用作副词,意为“直接地,精确地”。) Use your abilities to the full.(to the f

19、ull 意为“充分地,彻底地”。) He told me the story in full.(in full意为“全部地,全文地”。)17cleanWe must keep our hands clean.（此句中的clean用作形容词,意为“干净的,清洁的”,这是clean的常用法之一。）She is cleaning the blackboard.（此句中的clean用作动词,意为“弄干净,清洁”,这是clean的常用法之二。）除了以上用法外,clean还有其它用法。如: I clean forgot about it.(clean用作副词,意为“彻底地,完全地,全部地”。) The c

20、ar needs a good clean.(clean用作名词,意为“清洁过程,清扫”。) The government should come clean about its plans.(come clean意为“说出真相,全盘招供”。) We clean the machine down at the end of each day.(clean sth down 意为“擦洗干净”。) The waiter hurried to clean up the pieces of the broken plates.(clean up意为“清理掉,收拾干净”。)18holdhold在教材中的

21、意思为“举行;召集;主持”,作动词用。The plane holds about 200 passengers.Who holds the world record for the high jump?（上面两个句子中的hold还是动词的用法,但意思发生了变化,分别为“容纳”和“保持”。）19lightThis is a room with good light.(light用作名词,意思为“光,光线”,是教材中的第一种用法。)It is so light that I can carry it easily.(light用作形容词,意思为“轻的”,是教材中的第二种用法。)light除了以上的

22、常见用法外,还有下列几种用法。如：May I borrow your light?(light用作名词,意思为“火柴,打火机”。)Since youre not well, youd better do some light housework.(light用作形容词,意思为“轻松的,使人不疲劳的”。)My brother bought a bottle of light beer in the shop.(light用作形容词,意思为“低度酒的”。)Wait a moment. Ill light a candle.(light用作动词,意思为“点燃”。)20homehome在教材中的第一个

23、意思为“家”,作名词和副词用;第二个意思为“家庭的”,作形容词用。A lot of new homes are being built in the center of the town.The home team took the lead after 25 minutes.Its time for home news.在上面的三个句子中,第一个home作名词用,意思为“住宅,房子”;其余的两个作形容词用,意思分别为“主场的”和“国内的”。21meanmean在教材中的意思为“意思是，打算”,作动词用。这是我们大家都熟悉的意思。除此之外mean还有其它的意思。如：Mary has alway

24、s been mean with money.(mean在此句中作形容词,意思为“吝啬的,小气的”。)Today the mean temperature is 10 in Shanghai.(mean在此句中作形容词,仅用于名词前,意思为“平均的”。)22mindWould you mind helping me?（ 此句中mind用作动词,意为“介意,注意”,这是mind的常用法之一。）He has a mind for science.（此句中mind用作名词,意为“头脑,思维”,这是mind的常用法之二。）mind除了以上用法外,还有其它用法。如:You must be out of

25、your mind if you think Im going to lend you $50!（be out of ones mind意为“发狂,发疯,精神不正常”。)Keep your mind on the job!（keep ones mind on sth.意为“继续专心于某事物”。)Her way of speaking put me in mind of her mother.(put sb. in mind of sb. / sth.意为“使某人想到或想起某人 / 某事物”。)Whos that letter from?Never you mind.(never you min

26、d意为“不关你的事”。)23missWell miss you very much if you move.（此句中miss用作及物动词,意为“想念,怀念,思念”,这是miss的常用法。）miss还有其它用法。如: After several misses he finally managed to hit the target.(miss用作名词,意为“失误,失败,击不中,回避”。) The offer of a year aboard with all expenses paid seemed too good to miss.(too good to miss意为“很吸引人或很有利而无法

27、拒绝或放弃”。) Bob will find out your secret he doesnt miss a trick!(not miss a trick意为“非常机警或警觉”。)24minuteThey only took fifteen minutes to finish that job.（此句中minute用作名词,意为“分钟;片刻;一会儿”。）minute还有其它用法，如:Your suggestion will be minuted.(minute用作动词,意为“将某事载入备忘录或会议记录”。)Her clothes are always right up to the min

28、ute.(up to the minute意为“最新的;时髦的”。)The detective studied the fingerprints in the minutest detail.(minute用作形容词,读作/mainju:t/,意为“极详细的;准确的”。)25moveShe was too tired to move any further.（此句中move用作动词,意为“移动;搬动;迁移;运行”。）move还有其它用法,如:He sat in the corner, watching my every move.(move用作名词,意为“地点或位置的变动”。)Its gett

29、ing dark. Wed better make a move.(make a move意为“出发;起程;动身”。)The price of eggs moved ahead today.(move ahead 意为“有进展;上涨”。)26richrich在教材中的意思为“富有的;富饶的”,作形容词用。Do you like rich food?Her new coat is in rich red.上面句子中的两个rich也作形容词用,但是意思分别为“油腻的”和“(颜色)浓艳的”。第一句可译为“你喜欢吃油腻的食物吗?”;第二句可译为“她的新大衣是艳红色。”27presentpresent

30、在教材中的意思为“礼物”和“现在,目前”,作名词用。There were 300 people present at the wedding party.We presented our English teacher with beautiful flowers.The cinema will present Perhaps Love on Saturday.You must present yourself well at an interview.上面句子中的四个present,第一个作形容词用,意思为“出席的，到场的”;其余的三个都作动词用,意思分别为“赠送”、“上演,演出”和“展示”。第一句可译为“有三百人出席了婚礼”;第二句可译为“我们把漂亮的花送给了英语老师”;第三句可译为“星期六这个电影院将上演如果爱”;第四句可译为“面试的时候你必须很好地展示自己”。28supportWe strongly support the peace process.（此句中support用作及物动词,意为“支持”,这是support的常用法。）support 还有其它用法。如:We couldnt win the match without their support.(support用作名词,意为“帮助,支持”。)