语言学教程复习题与答案.docx

1、语言学教程复习题与答案语言学教程复习题与答案(胡壮麟版第一章)Chapter I Introduction I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: 1.Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.2.Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.3.A scientific study of language is ba

2、sed on what the linguist thinks. 4.In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts. 5.General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole. 6.General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas,

3、 studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study. 7.7.Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. 8.Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce

4、meaningful sentences. 9.The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology. 10.Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences. 11.The study of me

5、aning in language is known as semantics. 12.Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings. 13.Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context. 14.Social changes can often bring about language changes. 15.Sociolinguistics is the study of langu

6、age in relation to society. 16.Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. 17.Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.18.A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time. 19.Modern linguistics regards the written language

7、as primary, not the written language. 20.The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F.de Saussure.II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:21.Chomsky defines “ competence” as the ideal users k_ of the rules of his language. 22.

8、Langue refers to the a_ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.23.D_ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the pheno广告网址n that language consists of two levels: a

9、lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units. 24. Language is a system of a_ vocal symbols used for human communication. 25. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s_. 26. Human c

10、apacity for language has a g _ basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned. 27. P _ refers to the realization of langue in actual use. 28. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generall

11、y known as a_ linguistics.29. Language is p_ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.30. Linguistics is generally defined as t

12、he s _ study of language.III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. 31. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _. A. prescriptiveB. analytic C. descriptive D. linguistic 32.Which

13、 of the following is not a design feature of human language? A. Arbitrariness B. Displacement C. DualityD. Meaningfulness33. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _. A. primaryB. correct C. secondaryD. stable 34. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, beca

14、use _. A.in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing B.speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed. C.speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongueD.All of the above 35. A historical study of language is a _ stud

15、y of language. A. synchronic B. diachronic C. prescriptiveD. comparative 36.Saussure took a (n)_ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a _ point of view. A. sociologicalpsychologicalB. psychologicalsociologicalC. applied pragmatic D.semantic and linguistic 37. According to F. de Sau

16、ssure, _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. paroleB. performance C. langueD. Language 38. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _ and meanings. A. senseB. sounds C. objectsD. ideas 39. Language can be

17、used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called_, A. displacement B. duality C. flexibilityD. cultural transmission40. The details of any language system is passed on from one generation to the next through _ , rather than by instinct. A. learni

18、ngB. teaching C. booksD. both A and B IV. Define the following terms: 41. Linguistics42. Phonology43. Syntax44. Pragmatics 45. Psycholinguistics46. Language47. Phonetics48. Morphology49.Semantics 50. Sociolinguistics51. Applied Linguistics 52.Arbitrariness 53 Productivity54. Displacement55.Duality56

19、. Design Features 57. Competence 58 Performance 59. Langue60 ParoleV. Answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible. Give examplesfor illustration if necessary: 61. Language is generally defined as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. Explain it in detail

20、. 62. What are the design features of human language? Illustrate them with examples. 63. How is modern linguistics different from traditional grammar? 64. How do you understand the distinction between a synchronic study and a diachronic study?65. Why does modern linguistics regard the spoken form of

21、 language as primary, not the written?66. What are the major distinctions between langue and parole?67. How do you understand competence and performance ?68. Saussures distinction between langue and parole seems similar to Chomskys distinction between competence and performance. What do you think ar

22、e their major differences?69. Do you think human language is entirely arbitrary? Why? I.Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: l.T2.F3.F4.T5.T6.F7.T 8.F9.T10.F11.T 12.T 13.T14.T 15.T 16.F 17.T18.F19.F 20.F II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins

23、 with the letter given: 21. knowledge22. abstract23. Duality24. arbitrary 25. syntax 26.genetic 27. Parole28. applied29. productive 30. scientific (or systematic)III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. 3l.C 32.D 33.C 34.D 35.B 36.A

24、37.C 38.B 39.A 40.D IV. Define the following terms: 41.Linguistics: Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 42.Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. 43.Syntax: The study of how morphemes and words are combined

25、 to form sentences is called syntax. 44.Pragmatics: The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics. 45.Psycholinguistics: The study of language with reference to the workings of mind is called psycholinguistics. 46.Language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human

26、 communication. 47.Phonetics: The study of sounds which are used in linguistic communication is called phonetics. 48.Morphology: The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology. 49.Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called semantics. 50.Sociolingui

27、stics: The study of language with reference to society is called sociolinguistics. 51.Applied linguistics: In a narrow sense, applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning, especially the teaching of foreign and second languages

28、. In a broad sense, it refers to the application of linguistic findings to the solution of practical problems such as the recovery of speech ability. 52.Arbitrariness: It is one of the design features of language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds 53.Productivi

29、ty: Language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the con-struction and interpretation of new signals by its users. 54.Displacement: Displacement means that language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or futu

30、re, or in far-away places. In other words, language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker 55.Duality: The duality nature of language means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanings. 56.Design features: Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication 57.Competence: Chomsky defines competence as the ideal users knowledge of the rules of his language, 58.Performance: performance is t