高考英语假期语法二.docx

1、高考英语假期语法二第四讲从“宾语”及“宾语补足语”角度释解代词和非谓语动词编者按：宾语是动作、行为的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和宾语从句等。宾语补足语是用来说明宾语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。可以用作补足语的有：形容词、名词、不定式、分词和介词短语等。本讲主要讲代词和非谓语动词(不定式、分词和动名词)，其他形式放到后面讲解。第1课时代词真题集训明考点一、语法填空常考点1.（2020新课标I卷短文改错）Data about the moons composition, such as how 69 ice and ot

2、her treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 2.（2020山东卷语法填空）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42 (they) living at a different time in history or 43（walking）(walk)throug

3、h a rainforest.1(2019北京高考)Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to _ (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”2(2018全国卷)If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give _ a try.3(2018全国卷)When the gorillas and

4、I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _ (they) alive.4(2018浙江6月高考)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out.5(2017浙江6月高考)“She thought I had hurt _ (I)，” says Pahlsson.6(2016全国卷)On my recent visit, I held a

5、lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by _ (it) mother.二、短文改错常考点1.（2020新课标I卷短文改错）“Not that way,” my mom tried to stop us but failed.2.（2020新课标II卷短文改错）Best of luck with yours learning kungfu in China.3.（2020新课标II卷短文改错）But he insists on us eating healthy food.1(2019全国卷)In the cafe, customer

6、s will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment which is created for them._2(2018全国卷)The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals._3(2018全国卷)I had done myself homework, but I was shy._4(2017全国卷)About one month after this photo was taken,

7、I entered my second year of high school .This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days._5(2016全国卷)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books._6(2016全国卷)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisi

8、ons by yourself._答案：一、语法填空常考点1. 69. much 考查不定代词。句意为“月球的构成成分包含多少冰和其他物质”。由于 ice 为不可数名词，故应用 how much。 70. its 考查代词。根据句子结构和句意可知此处应用形容词性物主代词 its 作名词plans 的定语。 2.【答案】themselves【解析】考查反身代词。句意：除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。1 解析：myself本句主语为I，宾语与主语同指

9、一人，应用反身代词。whisper to oneself为固定短语，表示“低声对自己说”，故填myself。2解析：it/running根据句意可知，此处表示“我们都应该尝试一下跑步”，故填代词it，指代上文的running，此处也可直接填名词running。3解析：them空格前面是动词find，空格处应用代词作find的宾语，人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格，故填them，指代上文的gorillas。4解析：it此处应用it作形式主语，动词不定式短语to eat out为真正的主语。5解析：myself句意：Pahlsson说：“她以为我伤到了自己。”根据前面的I可知，此处要用反身代词作宾语。

10、6解析：its句意：在最近的一次参观中，“我”抱着一对可爱的、三个月大的双胞胎(大熊猫)中的一只，它被它的妈妈遗弃了。根据句意可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词its作定语，修饰名词mother。二、短文改错常考点1.（2020新课标I卷短文改错）“Not that way,” my mom tried to stop us but failed.【答案】us me 【解析】纵观全文可知，此文以第一人称的口吻叙述，并且做菜的只有“我一人”，故将 us 改为 me。2.（2020新课标II卷短文改错）Best of luck with yours learning kungfu in China.【

11、答案】yours your/you 考查代词。【解析】作介词宾语的动名词前可以用人称代词的宾格形式或形容词性物主代词作其逻辑主语，此处 learning kungfu 为动名词 短语，因此将 yours 改为 your 或 you。 3.（2020新课标II卷短文改错）But he insists on us eating healthy food.【答案】he she 考查代词。【解析】根据上下文可知，本句句意为“但是母亲坚持让我们吃健康的食物”，故应用人称代词 she 指代母亲。 1解析：yourselvesthemselves句子主语为customers，此处表示顾客们将会享受乐趣，应用

12、反身代词的第三人称复数形式，enjoy oneself为固定搭配，意为“玩得开心，享受乐趣”。2解析：anotherother句中的animals是复数形式，所以修饰该名词的限定词应该用other。another“又一，再一”修饰可数名词单数，可数名词复数前用other，意为“其他的”。3解析：myselfmy/the此处表示“我”已经完成了我的家庭作业。my是形容词性物主代词，作 homework的定语，myself不作定语；此处也可用定冠词the，表示特指。4解析：yourmy此处意为“这张照片常常让我想起我高中时的许多快乐的记忆”，故应改为代词my。5解析：yourour根据前面的主语w

13、e可知，此处要用our，表示“我们能够开阔我们的视野”。6(2016全国卷)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself._解析：yourselfmyself根据前面的I可知，此处指“我自己做决定”，故改为myself。语法精析知规则(一)人称代词、物主代词与反身代词1基本用法类别主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词功能作主语作宾语、同位语等作定语作主语、表语或宾语作宾语、表语或同位语第一I(我)memyminemyself人称we(我们)usouroursourselves第二y

14、ou(你)youyouryoursyourself人称you(你们)youyouryoursyourselves第三人称he(他)himhishishimselfshe(她)herherhersherselfit(它)ititsitsitselfthey(他们)themtheirtheirsthemselves2反身代词的习惯用法与介词搭配by oneself独自地 for oneself亲自of oneself自动地 in oneself 本质上；本身与动词搭配come to oneself苏醒；恢复知觉dress oneself 打扮；自己穿衣devote oneself to 致力于；献身于behave oneself 表现得体；有礼貌apply oneself to 专心致志于help oneself to 随便吃/用enjoy oneself 玩得开心(二)it的用法1it的基本用法用法例句指天气、季节、时间、距离、环境等It is early spring, but it is already hot.现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法、内容等或代替指示代词Although he didnt l