学而思新概念语法整理.docx

1、学而思新概念语法整理语法一:人称代词人称代词?第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代词主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouyouhimheritthem句型转化（Be动词做谓语）肯定句：主语+be动词否定句：主语+be动词+not一般疑问句：be动词+主语?物主代词Iweyouyouhesheittheymyouryouryourhisheritstheir特殊疑问句：Whatcolouris?Itsred.Whatnationalityareyou?ImChinese.Whereareyoufrom?ImfromChina.Wheredoyoucom

2、efrom?IcomefromChina.Whosebagisit?Itsmybag.Whatsyourjob?Imamechanic.Whatstheweatherlike？?Itssunny/rainy/snowy/cloudy.Whatstheclimatelike?Itspleasant/warm/wet/dry.语法二：一、不可数名词定义：“抽刀断水水更流”（难以分开的一个整体，不可分割的事物）。特点：1、前面无a/an，后无s；2、表达复数用量词修饰，量词可数；Eg.Milk-abottleofmilk-twobottlesofmilkSoap-abarofsoap-threeba

3、rsofsoap二、some和any用法相同点：表示一些，后面都可加可数名词复数或不可数名词不同点：some常用在肯定句，但是在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用some而不用any；any用在否定句和疑问句。三、指代用法One指代可数名词单数Ones指代可数名词复数Any可指代可数名词复数或不可数名词四、句型1、Doyoulike？Yes,Ido.Yes,Ido.ButIdontwantNo,Idont.2、Doyouwant?Yes,please.No,thankyou/thanks.Idontlike?.五.名词复数特殊变化规则：可数名词的不规则复数变化woman

4、-women,man-men,tooth-teeth,deer-deer,child-children,fish-fish,foot-feet,goose-geese,sheep-sheep,ox-oxen国人变化：中日两瑞永不变,英法荷兰A变E,其他国人S加后边.Japanese-Japanes；Englishman-Englishmen；ChineseChinese；GermanGermans；AmericanAmericans语法三一、介词in?在.里on?在.上under?在.下面beside?在.旁边between?在两者中间among?三者或以上中间over?在.上（无接触面的垂直

5、上方；从一端到另一端）above?在.上（无接触面的上方，不一定垂直）across?横穿、穿过（强调从表面越过）through?穿过（强调从中间穿过）along?沿着二、Therebe句型与havegot句型1.Therebe句型：定义：某地(或某时)存在有某人(或某物)。句型结构：肯定句：Thereis+单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点?Thereare+复数可数名词+地点?否定句（be动词后加not）：?Thereisnot+单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点?Therearenot+复数可数名词+地点疑问句（be动词提前）：?Isthere+单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点？?Arethere+

6、复数可数名词+地点？特点：“就近原则2.havegot句型：定义：它表示某物归某人（某物）所有，是一种所属关系。句型结构：否定句：在have或has后加not,缩写为havent或hasnt.?疑问句：把have或has提前特点：主语为第三人称单数时，have要变成has。语法三：小升初小练兵1.Thereisabridge_theriver.?A.over?B.on?C.above?D.below2.Theyspentabouttendaystogo_thebigdesert（沙漠）.?A.across?B.through?C.over?D.along3.用therebe或havegot填空

7、：1)I?_agoodfatherandagoodmother.2)_anybooksinthebookcase?3)_apictureandaclockonthewall.4)She_somedresses.5)WhatdoesMike_?语法四?一般现在时一般现在时用法（1）表示经常性，习惯性,永久性的动作。?often经常，usually通常，always总是，everyday每天，sometimes有时（2）表示事物的状态或特征?Thereisascaronhisforehead.（3）表示客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，等客观事实或格言，谚语等。?Thesunrisesintheeas

8、tandsetsinthewesteveryday.注：只有在第三人称单数时用动词的“三单变化”，其他用动词的原形。动词变为第三人称单数形式的变化规则：1.多数在动词后s?（1）直接在动词词尾加-s.?playplays?likelikes?stay-stays?ask-asks?work-works?get-gets?（2）以字母s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es.watch-watches?wish-wishes?fix-fixes?do-doesgo-goes?pass-passes（3）以“辅音字母加-y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es.try-tries?stu

9、dy-studiescry-cries?fly-flies2.不规则变化：be-is?have-has一般现在时的句子转换：陈述句（肯定句）：主语加动词原形/动词第三人称单数；?(主语+do/does.)一般疑问句：在主语前加助动词do(you,以及复数),does（单数she,he,it）变成问句；?（Do/Does+主语+动词原形.）否定句：在主语后谓语动词前加助动词dont（I,you,以及复数),doesnt（单数she,he,it）变成否定句，助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。?（主语+dont/doesnt+动词原形.）例：肯定句:Ilikegrapes.否定句:Idontlikegr

10、apes.一般疑问句:Doyoulikegrapes?肯定句：Shegetsupearlyeverymorning.否定句Shedoesntgetupearlyeverymorning.一般疑问句Doesshegetupearlyeverymorning?语法五现在进行时态一、现在进行时态的含义?表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。二、现在进行时各种句式的结构肯定句：主语+am/is/are+V.ing?E.g.?Wearehavingaclass.?Heispainting.?Sheisplaying.否定句：主语+am/is/are+V.ing

11、?E.g.?Wearenothavingaclass.?Heisnotpainting.?Sheisnotplaying.疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+V.ing?E.g.?Areyouhavingaclass？?Ishepainting？?Issheplaying？三、动词变化规则（1）“直”?：一般情况下，直接加ing，?如：do-doing，cook-cooking，stand-standing（2）“去”?：以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，?如：come-coming，dance-dancing（3）“双”：?重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ing，?如：run-runnin

12、g,stop-stopping?swim-swimming,forget-forgetting?双写规则：1、重读在词尾；?2、闭音节（短音节）；?3、单辅音字母（在一般情况下，如果某一单词是以一个辅音字母结尾，而这个辅音的前面是读长元音或双元音，就不能双写这个辅音字母。如read-reading,think-thinking等。）（4）“改”?：改ie为y，加ing?如：die-dying?lie-lying语法五?小升初小练笔一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_?run_?swim_?make_?go_?like_write_?ski_?read_?have_?sing_?dance_二

13、、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy_(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen！Somegirls_(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother_(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_you_(do)now?5.Look！They_(have)anEnglishlesson.三、句型转换：1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_2Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_语法六：一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的

14、状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：lastyear,yesterday等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often,always等频率副词连用。注意：发生在过去时间的动作，并已经结束。?am/is-was一、be动词?arewere1、句式结构：肯定句：主语+was/were+?Wewereverytiredyesterday.?我们昨天很累。否定句：主语+wasnt/werent+?Iwasntathomeyesterday.?我昨天不在家。一般疑问句：-Was/were+主语+?-Yes,主语+was/were.?-No,主语+wasnt/werent.2、般现在时与一般过去时的

15、比较（例子见下表)：?一般现在时every-?一般过去时yesterdayShegoestoschooleveryday,Butyesterdaymorningshewentshopping.Sheplaysfootballeveryafternoon,Butyesterdayafternoonsheplayedbasketball.Shechatswith(和。聊天)herfriendseveryeveningonline,Butyesterdayeveningshechattedwithherfriendsonemail.二、行为动词1、句子构成。肯定句：主语+动词的过去式+.?Iwent

16、tothezooyesterday.我昨天去公园了。否定句：主语+didnot(didnt)+动词原形+.?Ididntgotoschoolyesterday.我昨天没去上学。一般疑问句：-Did+主语动词原形.？?-Yes,主语+did.?-No,主语+didnot(didnt)?-DidyoubuyabooklastMonday?-Yes,Idid.?-No,Ididnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+.？?1)-Whatdidyoudolastnight?-Ididmyhomework.?2)-Whendidyougotothezoo?-Iwenttothezooyeste

17、rday.?2、动词过去式变形：1）“直”一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。?如：look-looked;work-worked;play-played2）“去”以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。?如：live-lived;move-moved?3）“双”末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。?如：stop-stopped;drop-dropped4）“改”末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。?如：study-studied;carry-carried5）“特“不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。?am/iswas?arewere?have

18、/hashad?do/doesdid?cancould?willwould?shallshould?swimswam?singsang?ringrang?sitsat?comecame?givegave?runran?drinkdrank?becomebecame?beginbegan?buybought?bringbrought?catchcaught?thinkthought?teachtaught?sendsent?buildbuilt?gowent?spendspent?loselost?lendlent?meanmenat?sweepswept?feelfelt?learnlearn

19、t/learned?smellsmelt?sleepslept?putput?cutcut?hithit?readread?hurthurt?letlet?beatbeat?costcost?writewrote?riderode?riserose?winwon?drivedrove?speakspoke?getgot?forgetforgot?choosechose?sellsold?wakewoke?breakbroke?3、标志词yesterday系列yesterdaymorning;yesterdayafternoon;yesterdayeveningago系列aminuteago;a

20、nhourago;adayago;aweekago;amonthago;yearago;twodaysago;sixyearsagothis系列thismonth;thisweeklast系列lastmonth;lastyearthe.beforelasttheweekbeforelast;themonthbeforelast语法六?小升初练习题一、请用正确动词形式填空。1.I_(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.2._she_(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,she_.3.What_Tom_(do)onSaturdayevening

21、?He_(watch)TVand_(read)aninterestingbook.4.Theyall_(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.5.She_(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.二、改写句子：1、Lucydidherhomeworkathome.（改否定句）Lucy_herhomeworkathome.2、Hefoundsomemeatinthefridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)_he_meatinthefridge?3、Shestayedthereforaweek.（对划线部分提问）_she_there?4、Therewas

22、someorangeinthecup.（变一般疑问句)_there_orangeinthecup?语法七?一般将来时1.will含义：将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。肯定句：主语+will+动词原形?Itwillrain.否定句：主语+willnot(wont)+动词原形?Hewontbelateforschool.一般疑问句：Will+主语+动词原形？?-WillitsnowinGZ?-Yes,itwill.?-No,itwillnot(wont).2.begoingto含义：近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事，意为“打算，将要做某事。

23、肯定句：主语+begoingto+动词原形?Iamgoingtotravel.?He/Sheisgoingtotravel.?We/They/Youaregoingtotravel.否定句：主语+benotgoingto+动词原形?Iamnotgoingtotravel.?He/Sheisnotgoingtotravel.?We/They/Youarenotgoingtotravel.一般疑问句：Be+主语+goingto+动词原形?Areyougoingtotravel?Ishe/shegoingtotravel?Arewe/they/yougoingtotravel?3、时间标志词tomo

24、rrow;tomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening;nextyear/week/month/hour;thisafternoon/Sunday/evening;inthefuture;in+一段时间时态小口诀:英语动作有四种：经常做，正在做，将要做和过去做。经常做用动原或三单，遇到他她它单个做改三单；要借do或does变问否，后面动词用原型。正在做用be+动词ing，两个朋友不分离,be用am,is,are来代替。将要做有两种：用will（shall）加动原或begoingto加动原。过去做，很简单，对照经常做动词变成过去式,要借did变问否,后面动词用原型.语法八：（请您记住以下新概念英语一册144课的所固定搭配短语）Ibegyourpardon?请您在重复（说）一遍Nicetomeetyou（too）?（我也）很高兴见到你Lookat?看Howdoyoudo?你好Becareful?小心Aloafof?bread?一块