语法虚拟语气倒装强调句篇.docx

1、语法虚拟语气倒装强调句篇五、虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。一、 条件句中的虚拟语气从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。1. 条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式将来过去式 / were（常用）were to do（可能性小）should + V. (原)（可能性大）would / should / might / could +V. (原)现在过去式(be用were)would

2、 / should / might / could + V. (原)过去had donewould / should / might / could + have done（1）与将来事实相反：e.g. If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, I should stay at home.（2）与现在事实相反：e.g. If he were free, he would help us. （3）与过去事实相反：e.g. If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it.2. 条件句

3、中的省略与倒装当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had 时，if可省略，而将were, should, had等词置于句首。e.g. Were it not for your help, I wouldnt be doing so well. 若不是你帮忙，我现在不会干得这样好。Had I been there, I would have asked her the question. 如果我在那里，我就会问她这个问题。3. 混合虚拟当条件从句与结果主句所表示的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应该根据动作发生的实际情况作相应的调整。（1）从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与

4、现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。e.g. If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了（2）从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：e.g. If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。（3）从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。e.g. If it had not been raining too much, the crops would b

5、e growing much better.如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。4. 含蓄条件句的虚拟语气条件句除了用if引导从句外，还有其他的引导词。（1）without：如果没有e.g. Without your help, we wouldnt have achieved so much.没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。（2）if only：要是就好了一般过去式与现在事实相反 过去完成时与过去事实相反 一般过去时/should + V.(原)与将来事实相反e.g. If only he were here. 如果她在这就好了。 If only I had not come

6、home alone. 要是我不是一个人回的家就好了. If only I could see you tomorrow. 要是我明天能见到你就好了（3）but for/if it were not for/if it hadnt been for：要不是e.g. But for his help, we would be working now.要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。If it werent for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。If it hadnt been for your help, we wouldnt have su

7、cceeded. 要不是有你帮忙，我们是不会成功的。二、目的状语从句中的虚拟语气在for fear that, in case, lest引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + 动词原形，并且should不能省略。e.g. He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1. 在表示“坚持”、“命令”、“建议”、“要求”等后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词有人归纳为“一个坚持(insist)、两个命令(order, command)、三个建议(advise, suggest

8、, propose)、四个要求(demand, require, request, ask)”，这类虚拟语气由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should可以省略。e.g. The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。注意：这类句子有时可用于被动结构，前面用先行词it作主语，代表后面的从句。e.g. It was proposed that this

9、matter be discussed next time. 有人提议这事下次再讨论。2. insist和suggest接宾语从句时用虚拟语气和陈述语气的区别（1）动词insist后接宾语从句时，用虚拟语气和用陈述语气的区别是： 当insist表示“坚持要”“一定要”，从句所指的一般是尚未实现的事实，此时谓语通常用虚拟语气（即should+动词原形），而且引导词that不省略。e.g. I insisted that he(should)go with us.我坚持要他和我们一块儿去。 当insist表示“坚持说”“坚持认为”，从句所指的通常是已经发生的事或已存在的状态，谓语一般用陈述语气，引

10、导词that可省略。e.g. He still insisted he wasnt there at the time. 他仍然坚持说他当时不在那儿。CF：Tom insists that Lily is careful.汤姆坚持认为丽丽是小心的。Tom insists that she should be careful.汤姆坚持要丽丽小心。He insisted that he was not ill, but the doctor insisted that he should take the medicine.他坚持说自己没有病，但医生却坚持要他服药。（2）动词suggest后接宾语

11、从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气 当谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气，此时suggest通常译为“建议” 当谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实，则要用陈述语气，此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”。e.g. He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。She suggested his/him applying for a work permit.=She suggested that

12、Tom should apply.3. wish之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。与过去事实相反had done与现在事实相反过去式（be用were）对目前的情况不满或遗憾，以及希望将来能有所改变。wish+从句主语+would doe.g. I wish I knew his address.He wishes he hadnt been rude to his parents. I wish they would change the menu.注意：wish与would不能用同一个主语，否则句子不符合逻辑。4. would rather, had ra

13、ther, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。（1）用过去式（be用were）表示当时或将来的情况。e.g. Id rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。（2）用过去完成时（have done）表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转责备。e.g. I would rather (that) you hadnt told him.四、主语从句中的虚拟语气在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气，其虚拟语其的结构为：should + 动词原形。这种句型往

14、往是It is +adj. +that从句。(1)It is admirable / dreadful / extraordinary / odd / remarkable / sad / advisable / annoying / disappointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious / desirable / important / strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / natural.that.(2)It is a pity / a sh

15、ame / no wonder.that.(3)It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /.that.(4)It worries me that.e.g. It is important that we should do well in our lessons first. 我们先把功课学好很重要。It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。It is necessary that the work (should) be done. 这工作必须立即完

16、成。五、表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时，其后的从句都须用虚拟语气：(should)+ 动词原形。e.g. His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. 他的建议就是我们的工作要更细心些。Their

17、plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown. 他们的计划就是在家乡建一座新工厂。六、定语从句中的虚拟语气It is (high / about) time that句型中，虚拟语气的形式是过去式。e.g. It is time we started. 我们该出发了。 It is high time we left. 我们该走了。注意：要与it is the time that相区别。七、引导虚拟语气的情态动词：情态动词+have done1. could + have + done 对过去事情的假设，意为“本来能

18、够做某事而没有做”。e.g. He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.2. may / might + have + done 对发生过的事情的猜测，意为“可能、也许已经”，即perhaps。 e.g. What has happened to George? I dont know. He may have got lost.3. should + have + done 意为“本来应该做某事，而实际没做”。 shouldnt + have + done “本来不应该做某事，而实际做了”，含有指责对方或自责的含意。 e.g

19、. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldnt have been so harsh on him.4. would + have + done 对过去事情的假设，意为“本来会做”。e.g. I would have told you all about the boys story, but you didnt ask me. 5. must + have + done对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 e

20、.g. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.真题2013-09. If I had not been enjoying the work, I _ so much of it. A. would not do B. would not have done C. should not do D. should not have done.2012-03. If you _ to my advice, you wouldnt be in this mess right now.A. listen B. listened C.

21、had listened D. would listen2012-10. Being an intelligent boy, he _such a foolish mistake. A. neednt have made B. cant have made C. wont have made D. wouldnt have made2011-05. Nina _ back home if she had known that her husband would go to the bus stop to meet her.A. couldnt have walked B. shouldnt h

22、ave walkedC. mustnt have walked D. wouldnt have walked2010-04. _ no gravity, there would be no air around the earth, hence no life.A. If there was B. If there had beenC. Were there D. Had there been2010-05. Some members of the committee suggested that meeting _ .A. being postponed B. to be postponed

23、C. postponed D. be postponed2009-10. Cuts in funding have meant that equipment has been kept in service long after it _ replaced.A. should have been B. would have beenC. could have been D. might have been2008-09. Id rather _a room that is smaller but more comfortable.A. have B. had C. having D. to h

24、ave2007-06. _ the flood, the ship would have reached its destination on time. A. In case of B. But for C. As of D. In spite of2004-08. A recent survey suggested that if money were not an issue, most mothers _ not to work at all.A. should prefer B. prefer C. would prefer D. preferred2003-07. The exte

25、nsive survey suggested that their assumptions _ totally wrong. A. were B. be C. was D. would be2003-09. If they had sent a check to the telephone company last week, their telephone _ out of service at this moment. A. will not be B. will not have been C. would not be D. would not have been解析：2013-09.

26、【答案】B本题考察if条件句的虚拟语气。句意为：如果我不喜欢这份工作的话，我不会为它做那么多。由于if从句的谓语动词用了had done，表示是对过去的虚拟，因此主句应用should/would have done。由于是“我不会”，因此用would。2012-03.【答案】C本题考察混合式虚拟语气。主句和条件句时间不一致：条件句是过去时间而主句是现在时间，所以条件句应该使用过去完成时。2012-10.【答案】B本题考察情态动词的虚拟语气。从句中可以看出主句中的mistake应该已经发生，wouldnt加上完成时后意思为“本来不会做的”。句意为：他这么聪明，本不会犯如此愚蠢的错误。2011-0

27、5.【答案】D本题考察情态动词的虚拟语气。句意为：如果Nina知道她丈夫去车站接她的话，她就不会走路回家了。根据句意，Nina实际上是走回家了，因此，用虚拟语气。2010-04.【答案】C本题考察if条件句的虚拟语气。首先要注意条件句和主语的时态对应关系；另一方面还得考虑省略if的规则。本句是对现在事实相反，因此if从句用过去时态，be动词在虚拟语气中的过去时为were。当were放到句首的时候，if可省略。2010-05.【答案】D本题考察suggest的虚拟语气用法。suggest引导的宾语从句用should+v.(原)。2009-10.【答案】A本题考察情态动词虚拟语气。考察句型shou

28、ld + 完成时态，意思为“本应该做而没有做”。句意为：经费的削弱意味着早就应该换掉的设备现在还在用。2008-09.【答案】A考察句型would rather do sth.句意：我宁可一个更小点儿但更舒服的房间。2007-06.【答案】B本题考察含蓄条件句虚拟语气。But for意为“要不是”，其后的主句用虚拟语气。根据句子，现在现实为船未按时到达目的地，因此本句是对过去的虚拟。2004-08.【答案】C本题考察虚拟语气suggest。当条件句的时态是过去式时，主句的时态应为would+动词原形。本句中were与would prefer相对应，选C。请注意：suggest由于其主语不是某人

29、，所以它的意思不是“建议”，不能用后面的宾语从句跟动词原形的形式。suggest在本句的意思为“表明”。句意：一项最近的调研结果表明，如果经济上没有问题的话，大部分母亲宁愿什么工作也不做。2003-07.【答案】A本题考察suggest虚拟语气和陈述语气的辨别。含有“建议、命令、要求”等动词，如果后面跟宾语从句，则宾语从句的谓语动词一般省略should，而直接跟动词原形。但是本句的suggest在此意为“表明，显示”，因此不用虚拟语气。2003-09.【答案】C本题考察混合式虚拟语气。当条件句的时间与主句时间不一致时，其时态的对应关系应该是提前一个时态即可。本句条件句的时间为last week

30、，属于过去时，因此其时态要用过去完成时had sent，而主句的时间是at this moment，所以提前一个时态，变成would not be。六、倒装为了强调、突出等语的目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。在倒装句中，颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。一、完全倒装句型基本结构：谓语动词（be / 实意动词）+ 主语 + 其他成分e.g. Here is the letter.Here he comes. Here you are.注意：如果主语是代词，则不用倒装。英语中构成完全倒装的情形主要有：1. there位于句首，跟谓语动词一起译成“有”。e.g. There

31、seemed to be a man in black.There are forty students in our class.2. 地点副词here, there等和时间副词now, then等位于句首。e.g. There goes the bell.Then came the chairman. 3. 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语位于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。e.g. Out rushed the pupils when the bell went. Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.二、部分倒装句型基本结构：部分谓语(助动词/情态动词)+主语+谓语动词。e.g. Never have