考点梳理虚拟语气冲刺三步曲.docx

1、考点梳理虚拟语气冲刺三步曲虚拟语气冲刺三步曲根据多年学习、教学和复习的经验，我把虚拟语气复习应试的策略归纳为以下三步。你们通过这三步，即“自主学习”、“合作学习”和 “检测评价”就会对虚拟语气的各种用法清清楚楚，运用自如。一、虚拟语气的十种用法 自主学习 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。为了帮助读者学习运用虚拟语气，提高综合运用英语的能力，笔者参照一些专著，整理归纳了虚拟语气在下面十种句式中的用法。（一） 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句虚拟条件句谓语动词构成形式：条件状语从句主句与现在事实相反If +主语+动词过去式(be动词

2、一律用were）主语 + would/should + 动词原形与过去事实相反If+主语+动词过去完成式主语 + would/should + have +过去分词与将来事实相反A 谓语动词用过去式B 谓语用were to + 动词原形C 动词用should + 动词原形主语+would/should+动词原形 注意：主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称，同时也可根据意思用情态动词could，might等代替should, would。 1、表示与现在事实相反： lf l were you，l should study English If he had time，h

3、e would attend the meeting 2、表示与过去事实相反： If you had come yesterday, you would have met him. 3、表示与将来事实相反： If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting. if it were toshould rain tomorrow，the meeting would be put off 4、当条件状语从句表示和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它们所表示的时间来调整。例如： If you had followed the doctors

4、 advice，you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在。) 5、以上句型可以转换成下列形式： 1)从句省略if用倒装句式“werehadshould主语”。例如： Were I in school again1 would work harder. Had you been here earlier，you would have seen him. Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come 2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。例如： Without air，there would b

5、e no living things But for(要不是)the rain we should have a pleasant journey. (二)虚拟语气用于宾语从句 1、“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜”，“就好了”，“悔不该”，“但愿”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式，表示将来不能实现的愿望，用“would(could)+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，用“had+过去分词”或“(could)would + have + 过去分词。例如： I wish it were spring all the year round， I wis

6、h you could go with us We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier 2、虚拟语气在动词arrange，command，demand，desire，insist，order，propose，request，require，suggest，recommend等后面的宾语从句中，用“(should) + 动词原形”。例如：We suggested that we (should) have a meeting The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few d

7、ays He demanded that we (should)start right away 【易错提醒】1）与insist相比如果宾语从句的动作已经发生宾语从句的谓语动词不用虚拟语气，如果尚未发生insist的宾语从句用虚拟语气。例如：Mike insisted that he had never stolen anythingWe insisted that she (should)go with us.2）suggest作“暗示”，“表明”解释时其宾语从句不用虚拟语气。The expression on his face suggested that he was angry wit

8、h you.(三)虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句，作advice，idea，order，demand，plan，proposal，suggestion，request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)+动词原形”。例如： We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should)go to Beijing for sightseeingMy idea is that he(should)do exercises firstHe is working hard for fear that he（should ）fal

9、l behind others. (四)虚拟语气在以as if(as though)引导的表语从句或状语从句中的应用。 如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”；表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would(might，could)+动词原形”。例如： He looks as if he were an artist He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England It looks as if it might rain， 但as if( as t

10、hough )后的从句也常用陈述语气，这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可被设想为真实的。例如： It looks as if our side is going to win (五)虚拟语气用于主语从句 在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用“should+动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。例如： It is necessary (important，natural，desirable，advisable，strange，appropriate，essential, etc) that she should clean the room every day. It w

11、as a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that you should have been so careless. It will be desired ( suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed etc.) that she should finish her homework this afternoon， 在上述三种主语从句中，should意为“应该”，可以省去，但不可换用would，主句所用动词的时态不限。【指点迷津】这种从句表示的是事实。如果说话人对这种事实表示惊奇，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如

12、果不表示惊奇，that从句也可用陈述语气。例如：It is strange that he did not come yesterday It is a pity that you cant swim (六)虚拟语气用于定语从句 这种从句用在“ It is (high)time(that)”句型中。定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，或“should+动词原形”来表示（should不能省略），意为“(现在)该”。例如： It is (high) time we left(should leave) It is high time we were going (七)虚拟语气用于引导的感叹句中 If on

13、ly I had taken his advice. 我要是听他的话就好了。 If only I were a bird! 我如果是一只鸟就好了。 (八)虚拟语气在If it were not for中的应用此结构，意为“如果没有”，表示同现在事实相反的假设。例如： If it were not for the rain，the crops should(would)die If it had not been for意为“如果当时没有”，表示同过去事实相反假设。例如： If it had not been for your timely help，I would have failed (九

14、)虚拟语气在would rather, would just as soon（宁愿）后接从句的应用 Id rather you paid me now. (从句用过去式指现在) 。 Id rather you painted the wall green next time(从句用过去式指将来)Id rather she hadnt done that(从句用过去完成式指过去)Id just as soon you didnt speak rudely to her.我宁愿你对他说话有礼貌。(从句用过去式指将来) (十)虚拟语气在简单句中的应用 1)表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌，使语气委婉，常

15、出现在日常会话中。例如：It would be better for you not to stay up too late Would you be kind enough to open the door? 2)用于一些习惯表达法中。例如：Would you like a cup of tea? You had better go now 3)用“may+动词原形”表示“祝贺”、“但愿”。may须置于句首。例如： May you be happy!May you succeed! 二、虚拟语气典型错误解析合作学习 1.他如果知道这事的话，他就不会问你了。 误：If he knows it，

16、he couldnt ask you. 正：If he knew it，he couldnt ask you. 【简析】表示与现在事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句中的谓语用“过去式（be的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词，用“ would（should，could，might）+动词原形”。 2.如果人们知道很多关于“非典”的情况，就不会那么害怕。误：If people knew much about SARS, they couldnt be that afraid.正：If people had known much about SARS, they couldnt have bee

17、n that afraid.【简析】表示与过去的事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词，”主句中的谓语动词用“would(should，could，might)+have+过去分词”。 3、如果明天下雨，会议将推迟举行。 误：If it rains tomorrow，the meeting would be put off.正：If it rained tomorrow，the meeting would be put off.正：If it should rain tomorrow，the meeting would be put off.正：If it were to

18、 rain tomorrow，the meeting would be put off.【简析】表示与将来事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句与主句的谓语动词与“表示与现在事实相反的假设”的谓语动词相同，或条件状语从句用“were to/should+动词原形”。4.我如果昨天碰见他了，我今天就不去他家了。 误：If I had met him yesterday，I would not have gone to his home today.正：If I had met him yesterday，I would not go to his home today. 【简析】当条件状语从句表示的行为

19、和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。条件状语从句说的过去，主句指的现在，故从句中用“had+过去分词”，主句中用“would+动词原形”。 5.如果我再上学的话，我要更加努力学习。 误：I were in school again，I would study harder. 正：Were I in school again，I would study harder. 【简析】如果条件状 语从句中有were，had， should，省略if时，要把were，had或should提到主语之前。例如： Had you been here earlier，you

20、 would have seen him.你如果早点儿到这儿，你就见到他了。Should there be a meeting tomorrow，I would come.如果明天开会，我就来。 6.如果不是经费问题，我就再去美国。 误：Werent it for the expense，I would go to the United States again.正：Were it not for the expense，I would go to the United States again. 【简析】在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词（if）的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式7.若不是新中

21、国，我们过不上这样幸福生活。 误：But for New China，we dont live a happy life. 正：But for New China，we couldnt live a happy life. 【简析】用but for ，only for，with，without引起的词组表示条件状语时，通常用虚拟语气。又如： With her help(=If I had her help)，I would do the experiment better。有了她的帮助，我会把实验搞得更好。 Without the Party，we would have failed.没有党，

22、我们早就失败了。 8.我要是美女该多好啊。 误：I wish I am a beautiful woman. 正：I wish I were a beautiful woman. 【简析】“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜”，“就好了”，“悔不该”，“但愿”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用过去式；表示将来不能实现的愿望用“would/could+动词原形”，表示过去未能实现的愿望时用“had+过去分词”或“could/would + have+过去分词。”例如： I wish it were spring all the year round.但愿一年到头

23、是春天。I wish you could go with me.你能跟我一起去就好了。 I wish I had arrived there yesterday.昨天到就好了。 9.医生命令他在床上呆几天。 误：The doctor ordered that he would stay in bed for a few days. 正：The doctor ordered that he(should) stay in bed for a few days. 【简析】在“一坚持（insist），二命令（ order ，command ）， 三建议（suggest，propose，advise）

24、，四要求（ask，demand，require，request ）等后面的宾语从句中用（should）+动词原形，不用would。注：在现代英语中，suggest后跟的宾语从句在口语中可用陈述语气。例如：I suggest that you dont ask him home for the vacation.我建议你不要邀请他到你家度假。10.迈克坚持说他从未偷过任何东西。 误：Mike insisted that he should never steal anything. 正：Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. 【简析】与i

25、nsist相比如果宾语从句的动作已经发生，宾语从句的谓语动词不用虚拟语气；尚未发生，宾语从句用虚拟语气。例如：We insisted that she (should)go with us. 11.他的建议是我们要到乡下看一看。 误：His suggestion is that we will go about the countryside. 正：His suggestion is that we (should) go about the countryside. 【简析】作advice，suggestion，order，demand，request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词

26、要用虚拟语气的结构（should）+动词原形。例如： We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should)go to the Great Wall next holiday.我们都同意他的建议下一个假期去长城。 12.他要是买了IBM PC586，他就在那里了。 误：If he had bought IBM PC586，he should have been there. 正：If he had bought IBM PC586，he would have been there. 【简析】主句中的would，could，might可用于各种人称，但sh

27、ould只用于第一人称。13要是我是你，我就会去参加聚会。 误：If I was you，I would go to the party. 正：If I were you，I would go to the party. 【简析】在非真实条件句中，if从句中的谓语动词用过去式，如果是be， 则不论人称，一律用were；主句中的谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形。 14.这个美国女孩说起汉话来就像中国人一样。误：This American girl speaks Chinese as if/though she is a Chinese.正：This American gir

28、l speak Chinese as if/though she were a Chinese.【简析】因为这个美国女孩不是中国人，这里as if引导方式状语从句，修饰主句中的谓语，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。又如：They talked as if/though they had been old friends.他们说话的神情就像是老朋友似的。三、虚拟语气强化训练 检测评价专项训练I. 2013年高考题I.单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.(2013北京)34. If we a table earlier, we couldnt be standin

29、g here in a queue.A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked2.(2013北京)35. You neednt take an umbrella. It isnt going to rain. Well, I dont know. It do.A. might B. need C. would D. should3.(2013全国大纲)26. Since nobody gave him any help, he have done the research on his own.A. can B. must C. would D

30、. need4.(2013福建)30.Do you think George has passed the driving test?No. If so, he _his car to our college yesterday.A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven5.(2013安徽)28. I to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have

31、gone6.(2013安徽)34. It be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise， because you know a lot of words.A. may B. couldnt C. should D. neednt7.(2013湖南)32. He _ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it. A. wouldnt B. shouldnt C. couldnt D. mustnt8.(2013江苏)30. I should not have laughed if I you were serious.A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought9.(2013江西)29. When I was a child, I