英语语言学练习题含答案.docx

1、英语语言学练习题含答案.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:1.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.2.Linguisticsstudiesparticularlanguage,notlanguagesingeneral.3.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.4.Inthestudyoflinguistics,hypothesesformedshouldbeb

2、asedonlanguagefactsandcheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.5.Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguageasawhole.6.Generallinguistics,whichrelatesitselftotheresearchofotherareas,studiesthebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.7.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphono

3、logyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.8.Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.9.Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.10.Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonlystudiesthemorphe

4、mes,butalsothecombinationofmorphemesintowordsandwordsintosentences.11.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.12.Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudymeanings.13.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.14.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechan

5、ges.15.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.16.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.17.Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.18.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.19.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguage

6、asprimary,notthewrittenlanguage.20.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:21.Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealusersk_oftherulesofhislanguage.22.Languereferstothea_linguisticsystemsharedbyallthem

7、embersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.23.D_isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.24.Languageisasystemofa_vocals

8、ymbolsusedforhumancommunication.25.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds_.26.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag_basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.27.P_referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.28.Findingsinlinguisticst

9、udiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa_linguistics.29.Languageisp_inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhavenev

10、erheardbefore.30.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes_studyoflanguage.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:31.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe_.A.prescriptiveB.analyticC.descriptiveD.linguistic32.Whichoft

11、hefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?A.ArbitrarinessB.DisplacementC.DualityD.Meaningfulness33.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas_.A.primaryB.correctC.secondaryD.stable34.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because_.A.inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowrit

12、ingB.speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyedC.speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongueD.Alloftheabove35.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa_studyoflanguage.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.prescriptiveD.comparative36.Saussuretooka(n)_viewoflanguage,wh

13、ileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma_pointofview.A.sociologicalpsychologicalB.psychologicalsociologicalC.appliedpragmaticD.semanticlinguistic37.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,_referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemem-bersofaspeechcommunity.A.paroleB.performanceC.langueD.Language38.Languageissaidtobea

14、rbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_andmeanings.A.senseB.soundsC.objectsD.ideas39.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_,A.displacementB.dualityC.flexibilityD.culturaltransmission40.Thedetailsofanylanguagesystemispassedonfrom

15、onegenerationtothenextthrough_,ratherthanbyinstinct.A.learningB.teachingC.booksD.bothAandB.Definethefollowingterms:41.Linguistics42.Phonology43.Syntax44.Pragmatics45.Psycholinguistics46.Language47.Phonetics48.Morphology49.Semantics50.Sociolinguistics51.AppliedLinguistics52.Arbitrariness53.Productivi

16、ty54.Displacement55.Duality56.DesignFeatures57.Competence58.Performance59.Langue60.ParoleSuggestedanswerstosupplementaryexercises:.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:1.T2.F3.F4.T5.T6.F7.T8.F9.T10.F11.T12.T13.T14.T15.T16.F17.T18.F19.F20.F.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordw

17、hichbeginswiththelettergiven:21.knowledge22.abstract23.Duality24.arbitrary25.syntax26.genetic27.Parole28.applied29.productive30.scientific(orsystematic).Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.31.C32.D33.C34.D35.B36.A37.C38.B39.A40.D.Definethefollowingt

18、erms:41.Linguistics:Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.42.Phonology:Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.43.Syntax:Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax.44.Pragmatics:Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalled

19、pragmatics.45.Psycholinguistics:Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingsofmindiscalledpsycholinguistics.46.Language:Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.47.Phonetics:Thestudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticcommunicationiscalledphonetics.48.Morphology:Thestudyoftheway

20、inwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.49.Semantics:Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.50.Sociolinguistics:Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalledsociolinguistics.51.Appliedlinguistics:Inanarrowsense,appliedlinguisticsreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesa

21、ndtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.Inabroadsense,itreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticfindingstothesolutionofpracticalproblemssuchastherecoveryofspeechability.52.arbitrariness:Itisoneofthedesignfeaturesoflanguage.Itmeansthatthereisnologicalconnect

22、ionbetweenmeaningsandsounds53.Productivity:Languageisproductiveorcreativeinthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.54.Displacement:Displacementmeansthatlanguagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhicharepresentornotpresent,realorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfa

23、r-awayplaces.Inotherwords,languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker55.Duality:Thedualitynatureoflanguagemeansthatlanguageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructure,ortwolevels,oneofsoundsandtheotherofmeanings.56.Designfeatures:Designfeaturesrefertothedefiningpr

24、opertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication57.Competence:Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealusersknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,58.Performance:performanceistheactualrealizationoftheknowledgeoftherulesinlinguisticcommunication.59.langue:Languereferstotheabstractlinguis

25、ticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity;Langueisthesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetofollow;Langueisrelativelystable,itdoesnotchangefrequently60.Parole:Parolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse;paroleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules;parolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.