大学英语四级试题2阅读理解及注释1.docx

1、大学英语四级试题2阅读理解及注释12004年6月大学英语四级阅读理解2004年6月大学英语四级阅读理解第1篇Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:A is for always getting to work on time.B is for being extremely busy.C is for the conscientious (勤勤恳恳) way you do your job.You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it com

2、es to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesnt ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the s

3、cenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics a better job, a raise, praise many people are still unable or unwilling to “play the game.”“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (攻于心计的) behavior,” says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management

4、 at Hofstra University. “But politics derives from the word polite. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.”In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior use

5、d to pursue ones own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form of socializing within the office environment not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.“The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,”

6、 says Neil P. Lewis, a management psychologist. “But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. Its simple human nature.”Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have troub

7、le with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery (奉承)，fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.Expert sugges

8、t altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.11. “Office politics” (Line 2, Para 4) is used in the passage to refer to _.A) the code of behavior for company staffB) the political views and beliefs of office workersC) the interpersonal relationships within a compan

9、yD) the various qualities required for a successful career12. To get promoted, one must not only be competent but _.A) give his boss a good impressionB) honest and loyal to his companyC) get along well with his colleaguesD) avoid being too outstanding13. Why are many people unwilling to “play the ga

10、me” (Line 4, Para. 5)?A) They believe that doing so is impractical.B) They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.C) They are not good at manipulating colleagues.D) They think the effort will get then nowhere.14. The author considers office politics to be _.A) unwelcome at the workplace B) bad for

11、interpersonal relationshipsC) indispensable to the development of company cultureD) an important factor for personal advancement15. It is the authors view that _.A) speaking up for oneself is part of human natureB) self-promotion does not necessarily mean flatteryC) hard work contributes very little

12、 to ones promotionD) many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery2004年6月大学英语四级阅读理解第1篇【参考译文】A总是按时工作。B是工作繁忙。C是勤勤恳恳地做好你的本职工作。你可能在办公室里做所有的这些事情, 甚至做得更多。专家说，但是到了升职的时候，ABC的事务里还应包括一个P,指的就是政治也就是办公室政治。戴尔卡耐基建议，即使在 50 年以前， 辛苦的单独工作也不能确保得到晋升。你必须能够表达你自己和你的想法, 无论是在公共场合还是在私下。然而, 尽管在办公室政治中有明显的回报一个较好的工作，晋升, 赞

13、赏许多人仍然不能或不愿意加入这个游戏。Hofstra 大学的一个管理学助教Deborah Comer说，人们都认为办公室政治是一些攻于心计的行为。但是政治起源于“polite”这个词。它也指游说和形成一些协会。这也可以指和善和有帮助的，甚至可以取悦你的上司然后期望得到某些回报。 事实上，如今专家们都认为，办公室政治是追求工作中你的自身利益的正当行为。在很多情况下，办公室环境中的一些组织，不仅是大公司甚至是小企业中都有这种情况。尼尔 P. 路易斯是一个管理学的心理学家。他认为，人们被判断的第一件事就是基于一种不变基础上的能力表现。但是如果二或三位候选人正面临晋升, 他们都有相似的能力,经理将会提

14、升他或她最喜欢的那一个。这是很简单的人性。然而,心理学家们说,许多职员和雇主在办公室中因政治的观念而有分歧。他们说,一些人对于工作和什么带来成功有理想化的观念。还有一些人认为这是一种奉承 ，担心如果他们为自己说好话,那么就像是在谄媚老板，讨老板的欢心。专家认为，要认识到一些自我提升的需要来改变这种否定的看法。11. 文中的办公室政治（第4段第2行）指的是_。 A)公司员工的行为标准B)办公室工作人员的政治观念和信仰C)公司内的人际关系D)成功职场需要的各种资力12. 为了得到晋升，还要_。 A)给老板一个好印象B)对公司诚实和忠诚C)与同事友好相处D)避免太突出13. 为什么很多人不愿意玩这个

15、游戏（第5段第4行）？ A)他们认为那样做不实际。B)他们不擅长和同时相处。C)他们觉得这种行为没有原则。D)他们认为这些努力对他们没用。14. 作者认为办公室政治_。 A)在工作中不受欢迎。B)对人际关系不利C)对公司文化发展是必不可少的D)是个人晋升的一个重要因素15. 作者的观点是_。 A)明确地说出自己的想法是人性的一部份B)自我提升不一定意味着谄媚C)努力工作对个人的晋升作用不大D)很多雇员没有认识到奉承的必要【答案】1112131415CACDB【注释】本文属于一般阐述性的文章。中心议题是办公室人际关系（office politics）。作者开篇（前四小节）提出中心商业中的ABC应

16、该包括办公室人际关系。第5自然段阐述只是努力的工作并一定能得到升职、晋升。第6自然段借Deborah Comer的话阐述人们认为办公室人际关系涉及到一些攻于心计的行为。第7自然段阐述办公室人际关系不只是在大公司有，就连小的工作场所都有。第8自然段阐述要想得到晋升就要给上司留下好印象。第9自然段阐述许多人对办公室人际关系的观念还存有问题。最后作者建议人们意识到提到自身的必要性。【答案解析】11. (C)。本题考点出自第4自然段。根据下文第6自然段的“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative behavior.But

17、 politics derives from the word polite. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can meansomething in return.”以及第7自然段的“this involves some form of socializing within the office environment”，所以“office politics”指的是“在公司里的人际关系”。12. (A)。本题考点出自第8自然段。“But ifhas reasonably similar ability, a manager

18、 is going to promote the person he or she likes best. Its simple human nature.如果他们有相同的能力，经理将提升他或她最喜欢的那个人。这是人类最简单的本性。”所以要想晋升，不仅要能胜任此工作，还要给上司一个好印象。13. (C)。本题考点出自第6自然段。“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative behavior人们认为办公室人际关系涉及到一些攻于心计的行为。”也就是“人们认为为了搞好人际关系所做的行为是不道德的。”14. (D)。综合全

19、文，作者阐述了办公室人际关系对于职位的提升的重要性，尤其是文章最后一句“Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.专家建议人们通过意识自我提升的需要来改变消极的情况。”15. (B)。本题考点出自第9、10自然段。“Still others associate politics with flattery, fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be fl

20、attering their boss for favors.其他人认为人际关系是奉承，他们担心如果自己吹嘘自己，那看起来就像是在奉承上司以得到宠爱。” 第10自然段“Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.专家建议人们通过意识自我提升的需要来改变消极的情况。”所以，作者认为“自我提升并不一定要通过奉承的手段来实现。”【难句分析】1. 【句型分析】“People assume that（that引导assume的宾语从句）office polit

21、ics involves some manipulative (攻于心计的) behavior,” says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University（作Deborah Comer的同位语）.【参考译文】Hofstra 大学的一个管理学助教Deborah Comer说，人们都认为办公室政治是一些攻于心计的行为。（注意同位语的识别和翻译。）2. 【句型分析】But if（if引导条件状语从句）two or three candidates are up for a promotion, ea

22、ch of whom（whom引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的two or three candidates）has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person（省略了whom，引导限制性定语从句，修饰the person）he or she likes best. Its simple human nature.【参考译文】但是如果二或三位候选人正面临晋升, 他们都有相似的能力,经理将会提升他或她最喜欢的那一个。这是很简单的人性。（注意省略了关系代词的定语从句的识别和翻译。）3.【句型分析】Stil

23、l others associate politics with flattery (奉承)，fearful that（that引导fearful的宾语从句）, if（if引导条件状语从句）they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.【参考译文】还有一些人认为这是一种奉承 ，担心如果他们为自己说好话,那么就像是在谄媚老板，讨老板的欢心。（注意that引导宾语从句的翻译。）2004年6月大学英语四级阅读理解第2篇Questions 16 to 20 are based o

24、n the following passage:As soon as it was revealed that a reporter for Progressive magazine had discovered how to make a hydrogen bomb, a group of firearm (火器) fans formed the National Hydrogen Bomb Association, and they are now lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one.“The

25、 Constitution,” said the associations spokesman, “gives everyone the right to own arms. It doesnt spell out what kind of arms. But since anyone can now make a hydrogen bomb, the public should be able to buy it to protect themselves.”“Dont you think its dangerous to have one in the house, particularl

26、y where there are children around?”“The National Hydrogen Bomb Association hopes to educate people in the safe handing of this type of weapon. We are instructing owners to keep the bomb in a locked cabinet and the fuse (导火索) separately in drawer.”“Some people consider the hydrogen bomb a very fatal

27、weapon which could kill somebody.”The spokesman said, “Hydrogen bombs dont kill people people kill people. The bomb is for self-protection and it also has a deterrent effect. If somebody knows you have a nuclear weapon in your house, theyre going to think twice about breaking in.”“But those who want

28、 to ban the bomb for American citizens claim that if you have one locked in the cabinet, with the fuse in a drawer, you would never be able to assemble it in time to stop an intruder (侵入者).”“Another argument against allowing people to own a bomb is that at the moment it is very expensive to build on

29、e. So what your association is backing is a program which would allow the middle and upper classes to acquire a bomb while poor people will be left defenseless with just handguns.”16. According to the passage, some people started a national association so as to _.A) block any legislation to ban the

30、private possession of the bombB) coordinate the mass production of the destructive weaponC) instruct people how to keep the bomb safe at home.D) promote the large-scale sale of this newly invented weapon17. Some people oppose the ownership of H-bombs by individuals on the grounds that _.A) the size

31、of the bomb makes it difficult to keep in a drawerB) most people dont know how to handle the weaponC) peoples lives will be threatened by the weaponD) they may fall into the hands of criminals.18. By saying that the bomb also has a deterrent effect the spokesman means that it _.A) will frighten away

32、 any possible intruders.B) can show the special status of its ownersC) will threaten the safety of the owners as wellD) can will those entering others houses by force19. According to the passage, opponents of the private ownership of H-bombs are very much worried that _.A) the influence of the association is too powerful for the less privileged to overc