Linux配置与管理.docx

1、Linux配置与管理Linux配置与管理期末考核1. 为Linux系统安装一块2G容量的硬盘2. 将该硬盘分区并格式化：一个主分区1G,一个扩展分区（两个逻辑分区，各500M）：创建主分区：Command (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-261, default 1): 1Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-261, default 261): +102

2、4M：创建扩展分区Command (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)ePartition number (1-4): 2First cylinder (63-261, default 63): Using default value 63Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (63-261, default 261): Using default value 261：创建逻辑分区Command (m for help): nCommand actio

3、n l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4)lFirst cylinder (63-261, default 63): 63Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (63-261, default 261): 500Command (m for help): nCommand action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4)lFirst cylinder (101-261, default 101): Using default val

4、ue 101Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (101-261, default 261): Using default value 261最后使用 W 保存并退出。：使用命令 fdisk -l 查看分区情况Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

5、/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux/dev/sda2 14 1044 8281507+ 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 1 62 497983+ 83 Linux/dev/sdb2 63 261 1598467+ 5 E

6、xtended/dev/sdb5 63 100 305203+ 83 Linux/dev/sdb6 101 261 1293201 83 Linux：进行分区格式化：把主分区格式化：mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1把逻辑分区5格式化：mkfs -t vfat /dev/sdb5把逻辑分区6格式化：mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb6二、创建挂载点：在mnt目录下创建c d e 三个挂载点，命令如下：mkdir /mnt/cmkdir /mnt/dmkdir /mnt/e：把/dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb5 /dev/sdb6 分别挂载到c d e 三个挂载点下，命令如

7、下：mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/cmount -t vfat /dev/sdb5 /mnt/dmount -t ext3 /dev/sdb6 /mnt/e：使用命令vi /etc/fstab 编辑 /etc/fstab 在/etc/fstab末尾添加如下命令：/dev/sdb1 /mnt/c ext3 defaults 0 0/dev/sdb5 /mnt/d vfat defaults 0 0/dev/sdb6 /mnt/e ext3 defaults 0 03. 在第一个逻辑分区中，为JACK用户配置磁盘配额（软配额300K，硬配额500K）：创建一个用户jac

8、k，命令如下：useradd jackpasswd jack:使用命令vi /etc/fstab 修改 /etc/fstab 修改如下：/dev/sdb6 /mnt/e ext3 defaults,usrquota 0 0保存并退出：使用命令umount /mnt/e 卸载 /mnt/e使用命令 mount -a 再重新读取挂载文件使用命令 df 查看挂载文件 如下：文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 7491040 2759780 4344600 39% /dev/sda1 101086 12165 83702 13%

9、 /boottmpfs 127720 0 127720 0% /dev/shm/dev/sdb1 482214 10544 446771 3% /mnt/c/dev/sdb5 305032 0 305032 0% /mnt/d/dev/sdb6 1272832 34704 1173468 3% /mnt/e：使用命令 quotacheck -cvu /dev/sdb6 对/dev/sdb6进行检测 使用命令 quota /dev/sdb6 启用配额：使用命令 edquota jack 编辑配额 进行如下述编辑：Disk quotas for user tom (uid 501): Filesy

10、stem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard /dev/sdb6 0 300 500 0 0 0：使用命令 repquota /dev/sdb6 查看生成报告 如下：Block grace time: 7days; Inode grace time: 7days Block limits File limitsUser used soft hard grace used soft hard grace-root - 34704 0 0 4 0 0 ：在/mnt/e文件夹下新创建一个文件夹， j 文件夹，命令如下：mkdir j：给j 文件夹赋予用户写的权限： 命

11、令如下chmod a+w j以jack用户登录，把文件复制到 j 文件夹下，使用命令如下：jackB2 j$ cp /bin/ksh ./sdb6: warning, user block quota exceeded.jackB2 j$ cp /bin/sh ./sdb6: write failed, user block limit reached.cp: 写入 “./sh”: 超出磁盘限额验证：使用命令 repquota -av 查看验证后的报告，如下所示：rootB2 e# repquota -av* Report for user quotas on device /dev/sdb6

12、Block grace time: 7days; Inode grace time: 7days Block limits File limitsUser used soft hard grace used soft hard grace-root - 34720 0 0 6 0 0 jack +- 500 300 500 6days 4 0 0 Statistics:Total blocks: 7Data blocks: 1Entries: 3Used average: 3.0000004. 在WIN XP设计一网页（index.html）并用FTP上传到虚拟机中在桌面上建一网页5.在虚拟机

13、上用LINUX系统创建一个FTP服务器FTP服务器的配置1、安装路径rootB2 # cd /mediarootB2 media# lsCentOS_5.4_FinalrootB2 media# CentOS_5.4_Final/-bash: CentOS_5.4_Final/: is a directoryrootB2 media# cd CentOS_5.4_Final/rootB2 CentOS_5.4_Final# cd CentOS2、安装 rootB2 CentOS# rpm -ivh vsftpd-2.0.5-16.el5.i386.rpm warning: vsftpd-2.0

14、.5-16.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID e8562897Preparing. # 100% 1:vsftpd # 100% 3、启动ftp服务器rootB2 CentOS# service vsftpd restart关闭 vsftpd：失败为 vsftpd 启动 vsftpd：确定rootB2 CentOS# service vsftpd restart关闭 vsftpd：确定为 vsftpd 启动 vsftpd：确定 4、验证打开开始-运行cmd-ftp 192.168.0.124-回车 C:Documents

15、and SettingsAdministratorftp 192.168.0.124Connected to 192.168.0.124.220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5)User (192.168.0.124:(none): ftp331 Please specify the password.Password:230 Login successful.ftp ls200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.150 Here comes the directory listing.pub226 Directory send OK.ftp

16、: 收到 5 字节，用时 0.00Seconds 5000.00Kbytes/sec.5、(1)使匿名账户有浏览和下载权限，但不具有上传数据的权限修改、etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf文件把ascii_upload_enable=NO前的#去掉并把YES改成NOascii_upload_enable=NO然后保存退出重启服务 rootB2 vsftpd# service vsftpd restart 关闭 vsftpd：确定 为 vsftpd 启动 vsftpd：确定(2)除了用户jack以外的其他本地用户在登录FTP服务器时，都被限制在自己的主目录内 添加语句chroot_loc

17、al_user=YES并把语句chroot_list_enable=YES前的#号去掉把yes改成nochroot_local_user=YESchroot_list_enable=NO(3)添加jack用户 rootB2 vsftpd# cd rootB2 # useradd jack rootB2 # passwd jack Changing password for user jack New UNIX password: BAD PASSWORD: it is WAY too short Retype new UNIX password: passwd: all authenticat

18、ion tokens updated successfully. 5、编辑 chroot_list文件 rootB2 vsftpd# vi /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list a、 输入r /etc/passwd，按回车读取文件内容bindaemonadmlpsyncshutdownhaltmailnewsuucpoperatorgamesgopherftpnobodynscdvcsarpcmailnullsmmsp rootB2 vsftpd# service vsftpd restart 关闭 vsftpd：确定 为 vsftpd 启动 vsftpd：确定 （3）进入vsftp

19、d.conf，进行编辑 修改如下： max_upload_rate=20000 max_download_rate=15000 max_upload_rate=20000 max_clients=1000保存退出Jack用户使用ftp192.168.0.124登陆服务器，用命令put index.html上传网页index.html6、在本机上进行验证C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorftp 192.168.0.124Connected to 192.168.0.124.220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5)User (192.168.0.124:(non

20、e): jack331 Please specify the password.Password:230 Login successful.ftp pwd257 /home/jackftp cd .250 Directory successfully changed.ftp pwd257 /homeftp bye221 Goodbye.6.用虚拟机LINUX系统发布该网站Apache服务用rpm -qa|grep httpd命令查看服务是否安装rootB2 # rpm -qa|grep httpdhttpd-2.2.3-31.el5.centosrootB2 # cd /etcrootB2 e

21、tc# cd httpdrootB2 httpd# lsconf conf.d logs modules runrootB2 httpd# cd confrootB2 conf# lshttpd.conf magicrootB2 conf# pwd/etc/httpd/conf用vi编辑器对以下文件进行编辑修改rootB2 conf# vi httpd.conf 复制# ServerAdmin webmasterdummy-# DocumentRoot /www/docs/dummy-# ServerName dummy-# ErrorLog logs/dummy-error_log# Cus

22、tomLog logs/dummy-access_log common#并粘贴，把其前面的#号都去掉，并修改，修改如下： ServerAdmin webmaster DocumentRoot /www/a ServerName ErrorLog logs/dummy-error_log CustomLog logs/dummy-access_log common ServerAdmin webmaster DocumentRoot /www/b ServerName ErrorLog logs/dummy-error_log CustomLog logs/dummy-access_log co

23、mmonhttpd.conf 1005L, 34199C written保存并退出进入以下路径rootB2 conf# cdrootB2 # mkdir wwwrootB2 # cd wwwrootB2 www# mkdir arootB2 www# mkdir brootB2 www# cd arootB2 a# vi index.htmlthis is this is this is this is index.html New 4L, 56C writtenYou have mail in /var/spool/mail/rootrootB2 a# cdrootB2 # cd broot

24、B2 # mkdir brootB2 # cd b用vi编辑器编辑修改文件，编辑如下：rootB2 b# vi index.htmlthis is this is this is this is index.html New 4L, 52C written保存并退出用service httpd start命令启动服务rootB2 # service httpd start启动 httpd：确定打开cmd，用ping命令验证，验证如下：C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorping www.a.cPinging 192.168.0.124 with 32 by

25、tes of dReply from 192.168.0.124: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=64Reply from 192.168.0.124: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=64Reply from 192.168.0.124: bytes=32 timeping Pinging 192.168.0.124 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 192.168.0.124: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=64Reply from 192.168.0.124: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=64Reply fr

26、om 192.168.0.124: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=64Reply from 192.168.0.124: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=64Ping statistics for 192.168.0.124: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms7对该网站进行域名解析。用如下命令查询DNS是否安装：rootB

27、2 # rpm -qa|grep bindbind-libs-9.3.6-4.P1.el5ypbind-1.19-12.el5bind-utils-9.3.6-4.P1.el5BIND没有安装，安装BIND步骤如下：rootB2 # cd /mediarootB2 media# cd CentOS_5.4_Final/rootB2 CentOS_5.4_Final# cd CentOS/要安装的软件包：rootB2 CentOS# rpm -ivh bind-bind-9.3.6-4.P1.el5.i386.rpmbind-chroot-9.3.6-4.P1.el5.i386.rpmbind-devel-9.3.6-4.P1.el5.i386.rpmbind-libbind-devel-9.3.6-4.P1.el5.i386.rpmbind-libs-9.3.6-4.P1.el5.i386.rpmbind-sdb-9.3.6-4.P1.e