高考英语词语辨析.docx

1、高考英语词语辨析高考英语词语辨析1. clothes, cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数， cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of2. incident, accident incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident. 3. amount, numberamount后接不可数名词， number后接可数名词 a number of students 4. family, house, homeh

2、ome 家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员. My family is a happy one. 5. sound, voice, noise sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside. 6. photo, picture, drawingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画 Lets go and see a good picture. 7. vocabulary, word vocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word

3、具体的单词He has a large vocabulary. 8. population, people population人口，人数，people具体的人 China has a large population. 9. weather, climate weather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you. 10. road, street, path, way road具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径 take this road; in the street

4、, show me the way to the museum. 11. course, subject course课程（可包括多门科目），subject科目（具体的学科）a summer course 12. custom, habit custom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do， habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. Ive got the habit of drinking a lot. 13. cause, reason cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接

5、for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late 14. exercise, exercises, practice exercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习 Practice makes perfect. 15. class, lesson 作课解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson. 指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 5 16. speech, talk, lecture speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话

6、，讲话，lecture学术性的演讲，讲课 a series of lecture on.17. officer, official officer部队的军官，official政府官员 an army officer 18. work, job 二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数 a good job 19. couple, pair couple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers 20. country, nation, state, land country侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，l

7、and国土，国家 The whole nation was sad at the news. 21. cook, cooker cook厨师，cooker厨具 He is a good cook.22. damage, damages damage不可数名词, 损害，损失; damages复数形式, 赔偿金 $900 damages 23. police, policeman police警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house. 24. problem, questio

8、n problem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用 25. man, a man man人类，a man一个男人 Man will conquer nature. 26. chick, chicken 二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious. 27. telegram, telegraph 当电报解时，telegram指具体的，telegraph指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph 28. trip, journ

9、ey, travel, voyage travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行 a three-day trip 29. sport, game sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则 His favorite sport is swimming. 30. price, prize price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low. 31. a number of, the number ofa n

10、umber of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing. 32. in front of, in the front of in front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy. 33. of the day, of a day of the day每一天的，当时的，当代的， of a day暂时的，不长久的 a famous scientist of the day 34. three of

11、 us, the three of us three of us我们（不止三个）中的三个，the three of us我们三个（就三个人）The three of us-Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema. 35. by bus, on the bus by bus表手段，方式，不用冠词，on the bus表范围 They went there by bus. 36. for a moment, for the moment for a moment 片刻，一会儿，for the moment暂时，一时 Thinking for a moment, he

12、agreed. 37. next year, the next year next year将来时间状语，the next year过去将来时间状语 He said he would go abroad the next year. 38. more than a year, more than one year more than a year一年多，more than one year超过一年（两年或三年等） 39. take advice, take the(ones) advice take advice征求意见，take the advice接受忠告 He refused to ta

13、ke the advice and failed again. 40. take air, take the air take air传播，走漏，take the air到户外去，散步 We take the air every day. 41. in a word, in words in a word总之，一句话， in words口头上 In a word, you are right. 42. in place of, in the place of in place of代替，in the place of在地方 A new building is built in the plac

14、e of the old one. 43. in secret, in the secret in secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning. 44. a girl, one girl a girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box? 45. take a chair, take the chair take a chair相当于sit down坐下，take

15、 the chair开始开会 46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea go to sea当海员，出航，by sea乘船，由海路， by the sea在海边 go by sea 47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher the doctor and teacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，the doctor and the teacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师 the doctor and teacher is 48. in office, in the office in office在职

16、的，in the office在办公室里 He is in office, not out of office. 49. in bed, on the bed in bed卧在床上，on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed. 50. in charge of, in the charge of in charge of管理，负责照料， in the charge of由照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her. 51. in cla

17、ss, in the class in class在课上，in the class在班级里 He is the best student in the class. 52. on fire, on the fire on fire着火,on the fire在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire. 53. out of question, out of the question out of question毫无疑问的，out of the question不可能的 54. a second, the second a second

18、又一，再一，the second第 He won the second prize. 55. by day, by the day by day白天，by the day按天计算 The workers are paid by the day. 56. the people, a people the people指人，a people指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.57. it, one it同一物体，one同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one. 58. that, this that指代上

19、文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的 I was ill. Thats why. 59. none, nothing, no one none强调有多少，nothing, no one强调有没有，nothing指物，no one指人 - How many./How much.? - None. 60. anyone, any one anyone指人，不能接of，any one指人物均可，可接of any one of you 词语辨析:如何辨析area,region和districtregion,area与district三者均可表示“地区”，它们的区别如下：1. region通常指较大的地

20、区，它既可以表示一个国家的行政分区，也可以指非行政分区。如：The southeast is the richest of England.英国的东南部是最富有的。Italy is divided into 20 regions.意大利被分为20个行政区。2. area是这组词中用得最广的，表示的“地区”可大可小，但通常不指行政分区。如：I find the people in this area very friendly.我发现这个 地方的人很友好。其他用例：the Arctic region北极地区 an oil region石油产区in country regions在农村地区 a f

21、orest region林区3. district指相对于 region稍小的地区，通常指一个国家或城市的行政分区，有时也指非行政分区。如：The letters SW1 stand for a postal district of London. SW1这几个字母代表伦敦的邮政分区。The busiest shopping district in Beijing is around Wangfujing Street.北京最热闹的商业区是王府井大街一带。accident和incident的区别 1. accident 指偶然发生的不幸事件，即“事故”；incident 则指普通的小事件，也指

22、暴力性的政治事件。如：About ten people were killed in the car accident. 在这次车祸中大约有10个人丧生。That was one of the strangest incidents in my life. 那是我一生中最奇怪的事情之一。The book is about the July 7th Incident. 这本书是关于七七事变的。2. 在习语 by accident (偶然地)中，不能用 incident。如：I found the wallet quite by accident. 我找到这个钱包纯属偶然。when, while,

23、 as区别详解 一、根据从句动作的持续性来区分1. “主短从长”型：即主句是一个短暂性的动作，而从句是一个持续性动作，此时三者都可用。如：Jim hurt his arm while when, as he was playing tennis.吉姆打网球时把手臂扭了。As When, While she was waiting for the train, she became very impatient.她在等火车时，变得很不耐烦。注意：as用于引出一个持续性动词表示“在期间”时，其谓语通常只能是那些含有动作(action)和发展(development)意味的动词，一般不能是那些不用于

24、进行时态的动词(如be, seem, love, want, agree, see, know, have等)，所以下面一句中的while不能换为as：A：Im going to the post office.我要去邮局。B：While you are there, can you get me some stamps?当你在邮局时，能帮我买几张邮票吗?2. “主长从长”型：即主句和从句为两个同时进行的动作或存在的状态，且强调主句动作或状态延续到从句所指的整个时间，此时通常要用while。如：I always listen to the radio while Im driving.我总是一

25、边开车一边听收音机。He didnt ask me in; he kept me standing at the door while he read the message.他没有让我进去，他只顾看那张条子，让我站在门口等着。 但是，若主句和从句所表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边一边”之意时，则习惯上要用as。如：He swung his arms as he walked.他走路时摆动着手臂。I couldnt remember a story to tell the children, so I made one up as I went along.我想不出有什么故事可给孩子讲了，只

26、好现编现讲。3. “主长从短”型：即主句是一个持续性动作，而从句是一个短暂性动作，此时可以用as或when，但不能用while。如：It was raining hard when as we arrived.我们到达时正下着大雨。When As he came in, I was listening to the radio.他进来时，我在听收音机。二、根据主句与从句动作是否同时发生来区分1. 若主句与从句表示的是两个同时发生的短暂性动作，含有类似汉语“一就”的意思，英语一般要用as (也可用when)。如：The ice cracked aswhenI stepped onto it.我一

27、踩冰就裂了。He jumped to his feet as the boss came in.老板一进来他立刻站了起来。但是，在hardly scarcelywhen句式中，不能将when换成as。如：Scarcely had we arrived, when it began to rain.我们刚一到就下起雨来了。2. 若主句与从句表示的是两个几乎同时发生的短暂性动作，含有类似汉语“刚要就”“正要却”的意思，英语一般要用as(也可用when)，且此时通常连用副词just。如：I caught him just when as he was leaving the building.他正要

28、离开大楼的时候，我把他截住了。Just as when the two men were leaving, a message arrived.就在这两个人要离开的时候，突然有了消息。三、根据是否具有伴随变化来区分若要表示主句动作伴随从句动作同时发展变化，有类似汉语“随着”的意思，英语习惯上要用as，而不用when或while。如：The room grew colder as the fire burnt down.随着炉火逐渐减弱，房间越来越冷。As time goes by my memory seems to get worse.随着时间的流逝，我的记忆力似乎越来越差。注：若不是引导从

29、句，而是引出一个短语，则用with，不用as。如：With winter coming on, its time to buy warm clothes.随着冬天到来，该买暖和衣裳了。The shadows lengthened with the approach of sunset.随着太阳下落，影子也逐渐伸长。四、根据从句动作的规律性来区分若暗示一种规律性，表示“每当的时候”，英语一般要用when。如：Its cold when it snows.下雪时天冷。He smiles when you praise him.你夸奖他时他总是笑笑。五、根据主从句动作的先后顺序来区分若主句与从句所表

30、示的动作不是同时发生，而是有先后顺序时，一般要用when。如：When he arrives hell tell us all about the match.等他到了，他会好好给我们讲讲那场比赛的情况。When she had finished she waited as though for a reply.她讲完之后等了等，仿佛是在等候回答似的。六、根据是否具有“趁机”意味来区分1. 若从句所表示的“当的时候”具有“趁机”的意味，则通常用while。如：Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。I tried to slip the note to him wh

31、ile the teacher wasnt looking.我想趁老师不注意时把条子偷偷递给他。有时也用when。如：He stole the money when no one was by.他趁旁边无人时把钱偷走了。The boy looks at her repeatedly when shes not looking.那男孩趁她没看他的时候不断地盯着她看。七、根据是否用作并列连词来区分when可用作并列连词，表示“这时(突然)”；while也可以用作并列连词，表示“而”“却”(表示对比)；但as则没有类似用法。如：I was just about to go to bed when I heard a knock on the door.我正要睡觉，听见有人敲门。One person may like to spend his vacation at the seashore, while another may prefer the mountains.一个人会喜欢在海滨度假，而另一个人会喜欢在山里度假。八、根据所引出的省略句来区分1. as和wh