中考英语形容词副词总复习.docx

1、中考英语形容词副词总复习形容词、副词 (一) 知识概要 形容词的用法很活跃，在英语中用处也很多，但英语中修饰可数名词和不可数名词的修饰语和词组有时不同，要特别加以注意。下面将初中学习阶段中遇到的修饰可数名词的词和词组归纳如下：many, no, several, some, a few, a lot, lots, plenty, plenty of, a lot of, a large number of, enough。而修饰不可数名词的词或词组如下：much, no, some, a lot, a great deal, lots, plenty, a lot of, plenty of。

2、 其中some, no, a lot of, plenty of既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。 英语中形容词与副词有原级、比较级、最高级之分，其规则如下： 构词法 原 级 比较级 最高级 加er，或est Tallyoung tall 只加r或st nice large 重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音 字母时双写该字母加er、est big fat hot big 不规则变化的形容词或副词： 原 级 比较级 最高级 good Well bad badly many much little far old 要注意的是许多形容词同时又是副词，如：back, all, alone, either,

3、 far, high, slow等。而有些形容词则要经过一定变化才能转为副词，其规律如下： 构词法 形容词 副 词 一般加ly Careful kind 尾是y时将y变成i加lyhappy busy easy 其 他true terrible full possible shy whole 在学习过程中要注意其变化。 此外并不是所有副词都可以修饰比较级和最高级形容词。能修饰比较级的有：much, yet, far, still, a great deal, even 和a little. 能修饰最高级的有：the very, much the, far等。 (二) 正误辨析 误 The you

4、ng likes playing football very much. 正 The young like playing football very much. 析 定冠词加形容词表示一类人，应作复数看待。而定冠词加形容词表示抽象事物时则要看作单数，如：The beautiful is not always kindness.美丽并不总代表善良。 误 The danger has gone, so the worst are over. 正 The danger has gone, so the worst is over. 析 意为：危险已经过去，最困难的状况已结束。用定冠词加最高级形容词

5、作主语时应看作单数形式。 误 It is the gold age of the young. 正 It is the golden age of the young. 析 golden在英语中多用于比喻，如：golden hair金发，gulden voice金嗓子。而gold多用于表达金质的，如：a gold bar金条，a gold coin金币，但gold fish 金鱼例外。误 She is a warm heart woman. 正 She is a warm hearted woman. 析 英语形容词的构词法很多，其中之一是由形容词，或数词，加名词加ed构成，如： warm h

6、oarted 热心肠的，white haired 白毛的 误 There is an alive fish in the pool. 正 There is a living fish in the pool. 析 在初中范围内所学到的以a字母开头的形容词一般不能作定语，只能作表语。如：The fish is alive.(鱼还活着)这样的形容词有：alive, alike, alone, asleep, afraid, awake等。 误 The ill man nearly died. 正 The sick man nearly died. 析 ill一般不作定语来形容某人有病，而要用sic

7、k，但作表语时则都可以。如：He is ill sick, ill作定语时则另有他意，如：ill luck (厄运)，ill nature(天性恶劣),ill temper(心绪不好) 误 I have important something to tell you. 正 I have something important to tell you. 析 不定代词something, anyone, somebody在用形容词修饰时，形容词应放其后。但要注意thing则不是不定代词，不符合上述规律。如：I have an important thing to tell you. 误 Ill b

8、e free on next Sunday. 正 Ill be free next Sunday. 析 在表达将来时的时候：next Sunday, next week, next year或last Sunday last week, last year前都不加介词。 误 The girl is two year old. 正 The girl is two years old. 正 She is a two year old girl 析 由连字符连接若干名词、数词组成的形容词，在学习时要记住两点，其一是这些词中的名词都不要用复数形式，如：twothousand-word report(两

9、千字的报告)；其二是这样构成的形容词只能作定语，即用于名词之前，而不能作表语。 误 The foreigners like those little beautiful Chinese paintings. 正 The foreigners like those beautiful little Chinese paintings. 析 在名词前若有几个形容词作修饰语时，其顺序如下。 1. 指示代词，定冠词 2. 数量词 3. 性质词 4. 大小 5. 形状 6. 老少，新旧 7. 颜色 8. 材料 但要注意的是英语的习惯是一个名词前的形容词一般不要多于三个。 如： What a pretty

10、 little white horse! Those first few short English stories were not difficult to understand. 误 The best way to learn English good is to speak with Englishman every day.正 The best way to learn English well is to speak with Englishman every day.析 good是形容词，这里是修饰动词speak的，所以应用副词well，但well作形容词讲时只作身体好。如：He

11、 is well.(他身体很好)。He is good.(他是个好人)。 误 The children play on the grass happyly. 正 The children play on the grass happily 析 多音节y结尾的形容词变为副词时应将y变为i再加ly. 误 The teacher looked angry at the students. 正 The teacher looked angrily at the students. 析 英语中感观动词后面要接形容词，这时它是修饰主语的，如：The food smells good.食物闻起来很香。The

12、 teacher looked angry 老师看起来很生气。 而此句的意思为：老师生气地看着学生，所以应用副词形式。 误 He worked with me friendly. 正 He was friendly to me. 析 不是所有结尾是ly的词都是副词，但friendly是形容词，这样的词还有lovely, lonely, costly, livelymonthly weekly。但其中有些词既是副词，又是形容词，如：early, hourly, monthly 误 You can speak free in front of your friends. 正 You can spe

13、ak freely in front of your friends. 析 free作为形容词意为自由的，有空闲的，免费的。作为副词讲则是免费之意。而freely作为副词则是自由的，随便的。这些要注意的词还有： hard 努力，艰苦 hardly 几乎不 late 迟，晚 lately 最近的，最新的 near 近 nearly 几乎 like 像 likely 可能的 误 They must have arrived till now. 正 They must have arrived by now. 析 by now是用于表达到目前为止某一动作已经发生，所以应用瞬间动词。而till now

14、是强调某一动作一直持续到现在，所以一定要用持续性动词。 must have+过去分词是对过去某一事情所作的肯定推测。 误 Someone called you right now. 正 Someone called you just now. 析 just now有两个意思，其一是刚才，其二是现在，而right now只能用于现在的状态。just则用于完成时态，如： I have just finished my homework. 误 My father will be back from America at present. 正 My father will be back from A

15、merica presently. 析 presently有两个意思：其一是最近，不久，其二在美语中是现在之意，与at present相同。而for the present为暂时，如： I teach English in the school for the present.误 Ill be back at the moment. 正 Ill be back in a moment. 析 at the moment 其意为现在，当时，而in a moment意为马上过一会，与in a minute意思相近。 误 The train from Shanghai will arrive here

16、 in time. 正 The train from Shanghai will arrive here on time. 析 on time为准时，而in time有两个含意。其一是及时，如：The doctor arrived in time。其二是将来，终究。 误 I met an old friend sometimes last month. 正 I met an old friend sometime last month. Sometime 过去，或者将来某时。 Sometimes 有时 如： Sometimes I go to school by bus. Some time

17、一些时间 如： I need sometime to do my homework. Some times 几次 如： I went to Shanghai sometimes this month. at times 有时，偶尔 at all times 经常 some other time 改天 误 I had met an old friend three days ago. 正 I had met an old friend three days before. 正 I met an old friend three days ago. * ago 用在时间状语中时，主句中谓语动词一般

18、用过去时，而before用于时间状语时则主句的谓语动词宜用完成时态。 误 He studied very hard. and at the end he passed the exam. 正 He studied very hard, and in the end he passed the exam. 析 in the endat last 意为最终，终于，表达经过若干努力而达到的结果。而at the end是在某事的结束时如何如何，如：At the end of class, the teacher gave us some story books。 误 I will come here

19、to help you each three days. 正 I will come here to help you every three days. 析 every three days 为每三天，即每隔二天，而every other day为每隔一天。误 He didnt go to the cinema yesterday. and I didnt go, too. 正 He didnt go to the cinema yesterday and I didnt go either. 析 英语中表示也，有4个字，also, as well, too, either，但either用

20、于否定句中，而前3个用于肯定句中。在肯定句中too与as well一般要用在句尾，而also则可用于句中。如：She went to the party and her boy friend went there too. 又如： Ive also read her other novels. 误 We should help the poor girl in anyway. 正 We should help the poor girl in any way. 析 anyway为不管怎么讲，无论如何，如：What a terrible accident, anyway no one was h

21、urt. any way 为任何方式。这种常见的错误还发生在以下几组词中，如： everyday 日常的 every day 每天 faraway 遥远的 far away 远离 altogether 总计 all together 一块，大家一起 already 已经 all ready 全准备好了 误 You can come to the doctors at anytime. 正 You can come to the doctors at any time. 析 anytime 是副词 而any time中的time是名词。 误 She said nearly nothing. 正

22、She said almost nothing. 析 nearly 与 almost的含意相近，在很多场合可以互换，但在否定词前用almost。误 There are too much mistakes in your homework. 正 There are too many mistakes in your homework. 析 too much 后接不可数名词，如：There is too much water for the flowers. 而too many 后加可数名词，much too 后面加形容词，如：It is much too difficult to learn E

23、nglish well. 误 It is late enough that we can go home now. 正 It is late enough for us to go home now. 析 要注意的是enough后面一般不接从句而接不定式，或不定式的复合结构：for somebody to do something。 误 The twins are very alike. 正 The twins are much alike. 析 用a为首字母的形容词不能用very修饰，一般要用much来修饰。 误 - How long does he write to his parents

24、? - Once a week. 正 - How often does he write to his parents? - Once a week. 析 英文与中文表达法不同，隔多长时间办一次某事，实际上问的是该事发生的频率，所以要用how often。 误 As soon as I arrive in New York, Ill call up you. 正 As soon as I arrive in New York, Ill call you up. 析 当动词词组的宾语是人称代词时则一定要放于动词之后，如果是名词则可以放在词组其后。 如：I want to watch TV. Pl

25、ease turn on the TV. 也可以讲： Please turn the TV on.误 He drove quickly his new car. 正 He drove his new car quickly. 析 副词在句中的位置很活，但主要有以下几种用法：实意动词之前，如：He quickly give me the answer. 在be动词之后，如：The little boy is often late for class. 第一助动词之后，如：This book has almost been finished. 在单独使用的be动词和助动词之前，如： Can you

26、 help me this afternoon? I certainly can. 但是无论如何也不能将副词置于动词与宾语之间，如果是宾语从句或是很长的名词词组作宾语则才可以这样用： He heard clearly what the teacher said. 误 The children came late yesterday to the cinema. 正 The children came late to the cinema yesterday. 析 表示一定长度的时间的副词不应放于句中，可放于句尾。如果表示强调则可放于句首。误 You have few new books, ha

27、vent you? 正 you have few new books, have you? 析 英语中的数量形容词有两组。修饰可数名词的有few(很少，几乎没有)，a few(有一些，几个)；修饰不可数名词的有little (很少，几乎没有)，a little(有一点，有一些)。要注意的是当few和little用于句中时应看作否定句，而 a few 和a little 用于句中时则应看作是肯定句。 误 He spent quite little money on his food. 正 He spent quite a little money on his food. 析 quite a 为

28、一固定用法，其意为十分，相当，所以。 quite a fewmany, quite a littlemuch 而only a littlelittle, only a few=few. 误 Do you want to have many bread? 正 Do you want to have some bread? 析 some与any都可以用作形容词、副词或代词，在一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于疑问句和否定句，但在希望得到肯定答复时，应用some。 其次是some 可以用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词。 误 Please tell me where the shoes shop

29、is? 正 Please tell me where the shoe shop is. 析 在用名词作修饰词来修饰另一名词时，这个作修饰词的名词应用单数形式，如： a shoe shop 鞋店 a fruit shop 水果店 a book shop 书店 a post office 邮局 a police station 警察局 a bus stop 汽车站 误 He is weak at physics. 正 He is weak in physics. 析 在表达擅长于作某事时用be good at something, 而其反意词为be bad at something， 但be w

30、eak in something。 误 This dictionary is worth to buy. 正 This dictionary is worth buying. 析 be worth 后可接动、名词表达值得作某事，又可接价格、金钱表示值多少钱。 误 Dont afraid of that. 正 Dont be afraid of that. 析 afraid 在英文中是形容词而不是动词。这样的词组还有： be afraid of 害怕 be careful of 小心 be certain of 有把握，确定 be sure of 确信 be glad of 高兴 be sick of 厌恶 be fond of 喜欢 误 The work has already been done well. 正 The work has already been well done. 析 well 与badly作副词时，表示好坏，如果句子是被动语态，则应放在过去分词之前，如：This machine has been badly damage