考研英语真题及答案.docx

1、考研英语真题及答案2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题(文字版)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 AmericanNational Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a series of industrial experime

2、nts at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthore Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lignting_1_workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended _2_giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very_3_to being experimented upon

3、 changed subjects behavior.The idea arose because of the _4_behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant.According to _5_of the experments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not _6_what was done in the experiment; _7_something was changed ,prod

4、uctivity rose. A(n)_8_that they were being experimented upon seemed to be _9_to alter workers behavior _10_itself.After several decades, the same data were _11_ to econometric the analysis. The Hawthorne experiments have another surprise in store: _12 _the descriptions on record, no systematic _13_

5、was found that levels of reproductivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that particular way of conducting the experiments may have led to_ 14_ interpretation of what happed._ 15_ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output _16_ rose compared

6、 with the previous Saturday and_ 17 _to rise for the next couple of days._ 18_ a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday. Workers_ 19_ to be diligent for the first few days of the weeking week in any case , before _20 _a plateau an

7、d then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect “ is hard to pin down.1. A affected B achieved C extracted D restored2. A at Bup C with D off3. Atruth Bsight C act D proof4. A controversial B perplexing CmischievousD ambiguous5. Arequirements Bexplanations C accounts D assess

8、ments6. A conclude B matter C indicateD work7. A as far as B for fear thatC in case that D so long so8. A awareness B expectation C sentiment D illusion9. A suitable B excessive C enough D abundant10. A about B for C on D by11. A compared Bshown C subjected D conveyed12. A contrary to B consistent w

9、ith C parallel with D pealliar to13. A evidence Bguidance Cimplication Dsource14. A disputable Benlightening Creliable Dmisleading15. A In contrast B For example C In consequence D As usual16. A duly Baccidentally C unpredictably D suddenly17. Afailed Bceased Cstarted Dcontinued18. 空，欢迎补充19. 空，欢迎补充2

10、0. Abreaking Bclimbing Csurpassing DhittingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1 （空，欢迎补充）Text 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents hav

11、e seen granted for what are called business methods. A received one for its “one-click” online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nations top patent court appears completely ready to scale b

12、ack on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method

13、patents. In re Bilski , as the case is known , is “a very big deal”, says DennisD. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit its

14、elf that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinht

15、s to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents des

16、pite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging ri

17、sk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the courts judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is weather it should” reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuits

18、action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has nurrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are

19、“reacting to the anti-patient trend at the supreme court” ,says Harole C.wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because ofA their limited value to businessB their connection with asset allocationC

20、the possible restriction on their grantingD the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?A Its rulling complies with the court decisionsB It involves a very big business transactionC It has been dismissed by the Federal CircuitD It may change the legal prac

21、tices in the U.S.28. The word “about-face” (Line 1, Paro 3) most probably meansA loss of good willB increase of hostilityC change of attitudeD enhancement of disnity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patentsA are immune to legal challengesB are often unnecessarily issuedC

22、 lower the esteem for patent holdersD increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?A A looming threat to business-method patentsB Protection for business-method patent holdersC A legal case regarding business-method patentsD A prevailing trend against bu

23、siness-method patents Text 3In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected.The idea is intuitively compellin

24、g,but it doesnt explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the “two step flow of communication”: Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to ereryone else.Marketers have embr

25、aced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of people was wearing, promoting or developing whaterver it is before an

26、yone else paid attention.Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.In fa

27、ct,they dont seem to be required of all.The researchers argument stems from a simple obserrating about social influence,with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,not interpersonal,influence-even the most influential members of

28、a population simply dont interact with that many others.Yet it is precisely these non-celebring influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influcencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so af

29、fected,must then influcence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resis

30、tant,for example from the initial influential prove resistant,for example the casecade of change wont propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of

31、populations,manipulating a number of variables relating to peoples ability to influence others and their tendence to be.31.By citing the book The Tipping Point,the author intends toAanalyze the consequences of social epidemicsBdiscuss influentials function in spreading ideasCexemplify peoples intuitive response to social epidemicsDdescribe the essential characteristics of influentials.32.The author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory”Aserves as a solution to marketing problemsBhas helped explain certain prevalent trendsChas wo