职称英语考试题.docx

1、职称英语考试题Making Light of1 Sleep All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock， your internal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle，called a circadian rhythm，helps control when you wake，when you eat and when you sleep. Somewhere around puberty，something happens

2、 in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward，so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you its time for bed，your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer scree

3、n or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift4 is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your bodys clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark5. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems，too. Teen

4、agers are put in a kind of a gray cloud6 when they dont get enough sleep，says Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence，RI7 .It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock，your internal clock can be reset. In fact，it automatically

5、resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes. Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years，researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the bodys clock8 were han

6、dled through the same pathways that we use to see. But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether its day or night.第六篇 不要太在意睡眠我们每个人的大脑里都有一个像我们床边的闹钟一样的生物钟。人脑里的生物钟24小时走一圈，这一圈也就是一次完整的昼夜节律，正是这个节

7、律决定了我们吃饭、睡觉和起床的时间。青春期时，人的生物钟在定时方面会发生变化，生物钟会提前。这时，青少年会比以前睡得晚，所以当你妈妈告诉你该睡觉时，你的生物钟可能会让你多推迟几小时，并且电脑或电视光线可能会导致你熬夜到更晚。生物钟的这种变化对青少年说是正常的，但熬夜到太晚会打乱你生物钟与昼夜时间循环之间的平衡，这样就会带来一些问题，例如：早晨很难按时起床。位于美国罗得州布郎大学睡眠方面的研究员Mary Carskadon说：“当青少年睡眠不足时会打不起精神，这将影响到他们心情、学习和思考问题的状态。”其实生物钟与闹钟一样，也是可调的，事实上，生物钟每天都在进行着自我调节，其方式就是通过你眼睛接

8、收到光线的变化。 很早之前，科学家就知道了昼夜光线强弱的变化对生物钟调节起到了重要的作用，长久以来，研究者们认为眼睛所接受到的平衡生物钟的光信号同样作用于人类的视觉系统。但最近几年的研究发现，人类眼睛有两个感光系统，一个是视觉系统，而另一个是感知昼夜的系统。词汇： circadian adj. 昼夜节奏的，生理节奏的adolescent n青少年；adj青少年的puberty n发育；青春期sync n. （口语）同步；和谐，协调synchronize V.（使）同时发生；（使）同步注释： 1.make light of ：轻视，不在乎。例如： We should not make light

9、 of their achievements我们不应当低估他们的成就。2. your internal clock ：指的是第一句中的a clock located inside our brains ，也即是第二段第一句中的the biological clock （生物钟）。3. stay up：不睡觉，熬夜4. This shift：这种调整。指上文所描述的由于生理时间的变化青少年上床时间越来越晚的现象。5. get your bodys clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark ：打乱了你的生物钟与昼夜时间循环之间的平衡6.

10、gray cloud ：提不起精神的状态7. Brown University in Providence， RI：位于美国罗得岛州普罗维登斯的布朗大学。RI是Rhode Island（罗得岛）的首字母缩写；Providence 是罗得岛州的首府。布朗大学是美国一流大学，创建于1764 年，是世界闻名的美国常春藤联盟（还包括哈佛大学、耶鲁大学、普林斯顿大学、布朗大学、哥伦比亚大学、宾夕法尼亚大学、达特茅斯大学和康奈尔大学）中的一员。8. the signals that synchronize the bodys clock：平衡生物钟的光信号练习： 1 .The clock located

11、inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock becauseA it controls when we wake，when we eat and when we sleep.B it has a cycle of 24 hours.C it is a cycle also called circadian rhythm.D it can alarm any time during 24 hours.2. What is implied in the second paragraph?A Young childrens biolo

12、gical clock has the same rhythm with that of the teenagers.B People after puberty begin to go to bed earlier due to the change of the biological clock.C Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents.D Teenagers go to bed later than they used to due to the light from t

13、he computer screen.3. In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader thatA it is natural for teenagers to stay up late and get up late.B staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers ability to think and learn.C during puberty most teenagers experience a kind of gray cloud.D it is hard f

14、or teenagers to get out of bed in the morning.4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?A Our biological clock resets itself automatically.B light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock.C Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock

15、 can be reset automatically.D Our internal clock，like the alarm clock，can be reset.5. According to the last two paragraphs， what did the previous researchers think about the human eyes light-sensing system?A The human eye had two light-sensing systems.B The human eye had one light-sensing system.C T

16、he human eye could sense the light of day more quickly than the dark of night.D The human eye could reset our internal clocks in accordance with the alarm clocks.答案与题解： 1.B 第一段第二句提供了答案。句中的your internal clock 即指a clock located inside ourBrains。2. C 第二段主要内容是告诉读者，过了青春期（puberty），由于生物钟节奏的变化，青少年（adolescen

17、ts and teenagers）比以前要晚睡几小时。所以C是该段所隐含的内容。3. B 第三段的最后一句直接给出了答案。4. C 根据第四和第五段的内容，闹钟和生物钟都可以重新设定时间，但生物钟能通过眼睛接受的日光来自动调节生理节奏。所以A、B和D都是这两段中所述内容，C是正确选择，因为闹钟不能自动重新设定时间。 5.B 问题使用的是过去时，问的是研究者在最新发现（recent discoveries）之前对眼睛感光系统的认识，即，the signals that synchronize the bodys clock were handled through the samepathway

18、s that we use to see （眼睛所接受到的平衡生物钟的光信号同样作用于人类的视觉系统），也就是说，研究者之前认为人类的眼睛只有一个感光系统。但最新发现却是，人的眼睛有两个感光系统。Graphenes Superstrength1 Big technology comes in tiny packages. New cell phones and personal computers get smaller every year，which means these electronics require even smaller components on the inside.

19、Engineers are looking for creative ways to build these components，and theyve turned their eyes to graphene，a superthin2 material，made of carbon，that could change the future of electronics. This years Nobel Prize for Physics3 has been awarded to Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselov from the University of

20、Manchester4，UK. for the discovery of graphene. Graphene isnt just small,itsthe thinnest possible material in this world， says Novoselov. He calls it awonder material. Its so thin that you would need to stack about 25,000 sheets just to make a pile as thick as a piece of ordinary white paper. If you

21、were to hold a sheet of graphene in your fingers5，youd have no idea because you wouldnt be able to see it.Carbon is one of the most abundant elements in the universe. Every known kind of life contains carbon. Graphene is a sheet of carbon，but only one atom thick. You dont have to look far to find gr

22、apheme -its all around you. If you want this high-tech wonderstuff6，all you need is a pencil，paper and a little adhesive tape. Use the pencil to shade a small area on the paper, and then apply a small piece of adhesive tape over the area7. When you pull up the tape，youll see that it pulls up a thin

23、layer of some of the shading from your pencil. That layer is called graphite，one of the softest minerals in the world.Now stick the same piece of tape on another sheet of paper and pull the tape up -there should be an even thinner layer，this time left on the paper. Now imagine that you do this over

24、and over，until you get the thinnest possible layer of material on the paper. This layer would be only one atom thick，and you wouldnt be able to see it. Graphite is made of layers of graphene，so when you get to the thinnest possible layer，youve found graphene.石墨烯的 Superstrength1 小包大技术的原因。新手机和个人电脑获取较小

25、的每个 year，which 意味着这些电子产品需要更小的组件，在里面。工程师们正在寻求创造性的方法来生成这些他们已把他们的眼睛来的 carbon，that graphene，a superthin2 material，made components，and 可以改变电子产品的未来。今年的诺贝尔奖 Physics3 荣获安德烈 姆和柯斯 Novoselov Manchester4，UK 大学从。石墨烯的发现。石墨烯不只是小，而是这一个世界最薄可能材料Novoselov 说。他称它为奇迹的材料。这是白皮书的这么瘦你需要堆栈大约是白皮书的 25 000 负债表只是白皮书的为了让一堆厚一块普通。如果

26、您已持有石墨烯在您的 fingers5，you 就不知道因为你不能看到它。碳是宇宙中最丰富的元素之一。每一种已知的生活含有碳。石墨烯是一张 carbon，but 只有一个原子厚。你不必要找多音字-你上到处都是。如果您希望您需要此高科技 wonderstuff6，all 是 pencil，paper 和小胶带。用铅笔把纸上, 一个小的区域，然后在 area7 应用胶带的一小块。当你就拉出 tape，you，将会看到它拉了一层薄薄的一些从你的铅笔底纹。该图层称为 graphite，one 最柔软的矿物的世界。现在把磁带在同一片贴上另一张纸，拉起磁带-那里应更轻薄的 layer，this 时间留在纸

27、上。现在，想象一下你做到这和 over，until 你得到尽可能最薄的材料在纸上。这一层会只有一个原子 thick，and，你不能看到它。石墨由 graphene，so 层的当你去最薄可能 layer，you 找到了石墨烯。词汇： graphene n石墨烯abundant adj丰富的，充裕的atom n原子adhesive n胶粘剂； adj. 黏着的stack v使成堆，堆放graphite n石墨注释： 1. superstrength：超强的力量。该词是一个合成词，由两部分组成， super（超级的）和strength （力量）。2. superthin：超薄。见注释1。3. Nob

28、el Prize for Physics ：诺贝尔物理学奖4. the University of Manchester：曼彻斯特大学。这是一所位于英国曼彻斯特市的公立研究型大学，创建于1851 年。5. If you were to hold a sheet of graphene in your fingers：句子使用的是虚拟语气，因为不可能将几乎肉眼看不到的石墨烯放在指尖上。6. wonderstuff：神奇物。该词为合成词，由wonder（神奇）和stuff（东西）两个词构成。wonderstuff 指的是第二段提到的wonder material。7. apply a small

29、piece of adhesive tape over ：将一小片胶带敷在上。练习： 1 .What would change the future of electronics according to engineers?A Big technology.B Creative ways.C Graphene.D Both A and B.2. According to the second and third paragraphs，what is true of graphene?A It can be used to make paper.B It is possible to see

30、it with our naked eye.C It is easy to find graphene.D It is possibly the thickest material in the world.3. Which of the following can be used to replace the word applyin paragraph 4?A request.B polish.C use.D put.4. Which of the following is NOT meant in the last two paragraphs?A Graphene is made of

31、 graphite，one of the softest materials in the world.B Graphite is made of layers of graphene，the thinnest material in the world.C When we get to the thinnest possible layer of graphite，we find graphene.D With a pencil，a sheet of paper and a piece of adhesive tape，we can find graphene.5. Graphenes superstrength lies in the fact thatA It is the thinnest material in the world.B It is made of the most abundant elements in the world.C It can help to make electronic components sma