英语必修1人教版导学案Friendship 同步讲解学案1.docx

1、英语必修1人教版导学案Friendship 同步讲解学案1 Friendship 同步讲解学案1Period 1 warming up, pre-reading, reading, comprehending.1.add (vt./vi)加，增加，补充说词性拓展：additional (adj) 附加的，另外的； addition (n.) 加，增加in addition 另外；此外 in addition to 除了用法：（1）add sth. up 把加起来（2）add to 增添 （3）add to 把加到(4)add up 把加起来 (5)add up to 总计；加起来结果是 Wha

2、t he said about the accident and did with it _ our trouble.A. added up to B. added to C. add up D. add add to 增添；不能用被动(B)Youd better _ your score and see if you have passed the exam.A. add up to B. add to C. add up D. addA 强调加起来的结果；C意为把加起来（C）2point (n.) 尖端；点；分数；要点；论点用法：(1)on the point of 就要/将近.的时候（2

3、）to the point 中肯，扼要（3）in point 恰当的，适当的（4）there is no point in doing sth.做某事没有意义。The sailors were on the point of giving up _ the captain came up.A. when B. while C. as D. becauseBe on the point of doing when 是固定句式。When 在此处表示“在那个时候”=and at that time 此时不能用其他词（as/while）代替。拓展：句型（1）be about to do when(2)

4、be doingwhen(3)have/had done . when3. ignore (vt.)不理睬 ；忽视词性拓展： ignorant adj. 无知的；不知的 ignorance n. 无知；愚昧用法：（1）ignore sb./ sth. 忽视某人/某物（2）be ignorant of sthhe _ the doctors advice and goes on smoking.I was _ of the fact that the boss could be so strict.(ignores; ignorant)4. clam adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉静的you sh

5、ould keep clam in time of danger.区别：silent 不说话，不出声；quite 安静的；宁静的；still 不动的；强调“静止状态”；clam 指人“沉着，镇定”；指自然“无风无浪”。（1）The old man stood quite _ , except that his lips moved slightly.（2）One man shouted at the boy, “ be _, boy ! whats the matter with you?”（3）He is _ about the accident.（4）He remained _ in th

6、e face of the cruel enemy.(1.still 2.quite. 3. silent. 4. calm)5.concern vt.涉及；关系到 n.关心；关注用法拓展：(1) be concerned about/for sth.关心挂念(2)be concerned in sth. 和某事有牵连(3)be concerned with sth.与某事有关/关于.(4)as concerns 关于（= concerning）(5)as far as be concerned 就 而言(6)show/feel concern for/about 担心/关心The meeti

7、ng was concerned _ reforms and everyone present was concerned _ their own interests.A. with; for B. with; with C. for; about; D. about; with(前一句理解为“会议与改革有关”，因此此处应填介词with; 后一句句意为“到会的每一个人都关心自己的利益”，因此空二填介词 about/for 。 A)6. looseadj. 松的，松散的，松开的词性拓展：loosenvt./vi. 解开，放松；变松；用法拓展；break loose 挣脱出来；迸发出来 come

8、(get) loose (结等)松掉； let /set loose释放；放出；发出7cheat n.欺骗;骗子 vt./vi. 欺骗；作弊用法拓展：（1） cheat sb. into doing sth.欺骗某人做某事 （2）cheat sb. (out) of sth. 欺骗某人某物 （3）cheat sb. into the belief that 骗某人相信(4) cheat in the exam 考试作弊8reason n. 理由；原因 vt./ vi. 推理；说服e.g.: My reason is that the cost will be too high. 我的理由是费用

9、太高。词性拓展：reasonableadj. 合情合理的用法拓展：（1）for this /that /no /some reason 因为这个/那个/没有/某一理由（2）reason with sb. 和某人辩论（3）by reason of 因为，由于（4）the reason for sth./ doing sth. is that .做某事的理由是.（5）The reason why is that 做某事的理由是1）The reason _ he was late was _ his car had broken down on the way.A. why; because B.

10、that; because C. that; for D. why; that 2) She would like to know the reason _ fewer and fewer students are showing interest in her lesson. A. for B. why C. for that D. which3) What do you think of the reason _ he explained in his last letter _ refusing the job? A. why; why B. that; for which C. whi

11、ch; for D. that; because(D. B.首先分析定语从句结构，主谓齐全，空格只能填状语成分，所以使用关系副词why; C改为for which 也对； C. 注意：reason 后面的定语从句不一定用why引导，要看在定语从句中缺少什么句子成分。在这里explain 缺少宾语只能用关系代词that 或 which 引导。补充：reason 与cause 的区别reason 指在事实的基础上通过逻辑判断出的理由与conclusion (结论)相对，常与for或why 连用；cause是自然造成某种结果的原因，与effect(结果)相对，常与of 连用。用reason, cau

12、se 填空（1）The _ of the fire is still not known.（2）Give me your _ for doing it.9.list vt. 列出 n. 表，一览表，目录，名单用法拓展：make a list of 列表10Share vt./vi.分享；共同使用 n. 一份；份额用法拓展：（1）share (in) sth. 分享/分担某物（2）share sth. with sb. 与某人共享某物；与某人分担某物 11 Feeling n. 感觉；感情词性拓展：feel vt./vi. 感觉，感受，触摸 feelings 情感12. Netherlands

13、n. 荷兰 Netherlander n. 荷兰人Netherlandish adj. 荷兰的；荷兰人的；荷兰语的 n. 荷兰语13German n. 德国人；德语 adj. 德国的；德国人的；德语的词性拓展：Germany n. 德国用法拓展：German 的复数形式是Germans, 而英国人、法国人的复数形式是Englishmen和Frenchmen.14. series n. 连续；系列There will be a series of football games next month.用法拓展：a series of meeting /exams /textbooks two se

14、ries of stamps series单复数同型，作主语时谓语动词根据 series 单复数概念决定，不根据of 的名词决定。15Outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外；Children usually prefer playing outdoors.相关拓展：outdoors adj.户外的，野外的 indoors adv. 在室内；入室内 indoor adj. 室内的16Crazy adj. 疯狂的；狂热的用法拓展： （1）be crazy about .对 狂热，痴迷（2）be crazy for sb./sth. =long for 渴望某物或迷恋某人（3） be crazy

15、 with 因而发疯He has greatly improved is spoken English by learning Crazy English.And he _ a chance to go abroad. A. is crazy about B. is crazy for C. is hoping for D. hopes about 17. nature n. 自然；自然界keep the balance of nature 词性拓展： natural adj. 自然的； naturally adv. 自然的用法拓展：against nature 违反自然 by nature

16、生来；天生 in nature 性质上； in the nature of 具备的性质注意：nature 意思是“自然，自然界”，前面不加冠词。18 .purpose n. 目的；意图 The purpose of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.用法拓展：(1)on purpose 故意地= with the purpose of doing (2) for the purpose of doing 为了 的目的He held out his fist before the young man and tri

17、ed to anger him _. A. for purpose B. on purpose C. in purpose D. from purpose(B)19.dare vt./ vi. Aux. 敢；胆敢用法拓展：（1） dare 作情态动词，一般用在否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中，后跟不带to 的不定式，有自己的过去式dared, 无人称和数的变化。He dared not go near the dog.If you dare speak to me like that again , youll be sorry.(2) dare 用作实义动词，后跟带to 的不定式，有人称、数及

18、时态的变化。但在否定句和疑问句中可省略to.Do you dare (to) jump off the high wall?She doesnt dare (to) say anything ?注意：做题时，应先判断dare 是情态动词还是实义动词。1）He _ his parents about his failure in the examination.A. dare not tell B. dares not to tellC. dare not to tell D. dare not tell2） I wondered how he _ that to the teacher.A.

19、dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say (D, 本题考察dare 的用法。做题时，应先判断dare 是情态动词还是实义动词。ABC三项从dare not 判断显然是情态动词，后应跟动词原形，排除BC二项。A项dare 是情态动词，无人称和数的变化，不应加 “s”,故答案选 D.)(D.本题考察dare 的用法。Dare 用作行为动词有人称、数和时态的变化。A项从to say 来看，dare 是实义动词，有时态的变化，应把dare 改为dared。用作情态没有人称和数的变化，但有时态变化，其后接省to 的不定式，但不能接动名

20、词，排除B 。C没有这种形式，故答案选D.本句中dared say （情态动词）=dared to say (实义动词)20Thunder n. 雷；雷声 vi. 打雷；雷鸣拓展：thunder-storm n.雷暴；雷雨 thunder- shower n. 雷阵雨21 Entirely adv. 完全地；全然地，整个地I agree with you entirely.用法拓展：entire 是形容词，意为“整个的，全部的”（=whole）;全然的，完全的（=complete）;(构成一组的东西)全部齐全的，未破坏的；无伤的，entire 通常置于名词前做定语。注意：entirely 用在

21、否定句中，表示部分否定。单句改错：his work was not entire satisfactory. (entireentirely , 副词修饰形容词，表部分否定。句意为“他的工作并非完全令人满意”。22Power n. 能力；力量；权力）The police have the power to detain offenders.词性拓展：powerful adj. 强有利的；强大的 powerless adj. 无力量的；软弱的powerfully adv. 强大地用法拓展：(1)have the power to do 有权利做某事（2）brain power 智力 politi

22、cal power 政权 electric/ water power 电/水力 power station 发电站（4）come into power 掌权（动作）; be in power 掌权（状态）区分：power 能力； 力量； 电力； 权力 strength 力量；力气 energy 精力；能量1） Full of _ , he lifted the stone .2） Full of _, he is always active.3）Hitler came into _ in Germany in 1933.4）We have the _ to obtain our shares.

23、(strength; energy; power; power)23. according adv. 依照Youve been in prison six times according to our records.词性拓展：accord vt./ vi. (使符合，一致)accordant adj. 一致的，调和的（with）; accordingly adv. 按照；依据用法拓展： according to 按照；根据所说 后面接名词、代词或what 从句，用作状语。_ what she said, the police quickly found the thief and caugh

24、t him.A. According B. Accordingly C. According to D. Accord to (C)24.trust vt./ n. 信任；信赖Dont ask me; trust your own judgment.用法拓展：（1）trust sb. = believe in sb.信任某人（2）trust sb. to do ( 放心)托付某人做某事。（3）sb. trust that 相信 词组：1 Make the following survey 做如下调查1）Of the five hundred householders _ , 40% had d

25、ishwashers.A. to survey B. surveyed C. surveying D. being surveyed2）The teacher came in, _ some students.A. follow B. following C. followed D. to follow (B, 表动宾关系，必须用被动关系，而且是完成被动。 B,考察非谓语动词。Follow 后面带着宾语，因此用现在分词作伴随状语。而不定式作状语表目的和结果。)2 Not until He didnt go to bed until his mother came back.用法拓展：(1)本句

26、型中主句谓语动词为瞬间动词，非延续。（2）当not until 放在句首时，主句用倒装语序，从句不倒装。（3） 在强调句中一般用not until 短语或从句。注意：（1）遇到it is (was) that 先判断是否是强调句，判断的标准是把 it is (was) that 去掉看句子仍然成立。（2） not until 短语用在强调句型中必须合在一起。It was _ last week that we _ him.A. until; knew B. until; didnt know C. not until;knew D. not until; didnt know(C. 本句为一强

27、调句型，强调not until 短语。 Not until 用于此句型中，必须放在一起。另外，强调句的结构为：it is (was)+ 强调成分+that )完成句子 直到她摘下墨镜来，我才意识到她是个著名的电影明星。Not until she took off her sun-glasses _ I _ that she was a famous film star.(did; realize not until 放在句首时，用倒装语序，主句倒装而从句不倒装)3Get it repaired 让别人修理My radio was broken, and I must get it repair

28、ed.用法拓展：get sth. done 使某物被做； have sth. done 让别人做某事 get 之后可接复合宾语，即get +宾语+宾补，宾补可以是现在分词、过去分词或不定式短语，结构为：get + doing 使（主动）；get + done 使被;get + to do 使做get + 现在分词表示主动关系；get + 过去分词表示被动关系。用所给动词的适当形式填空（1）Let me try now. I ll get the car_ (go)（2）When are you going to get your bike _ (repair)?（3）Ill get him _ (do) the work. (going 使汽车发动起来； repaired 表被动 ； to do 主动，表将来)The workers get _ by the hour.A. paid B. pay C. paying D. to pay (A, get paid by the hour 按小时付给工资。Get +过去分词表示被动关系)4have got to 必须，不得不He has got to finish his homework today.用法拓展： have to 必须，不得不=have got to (客观) / must