浅析变电站自动化改造方案.docx

1、浅析变电站自动化改造方案浅析变电站自动化改造方案摘要：变电站综合自动化是指利用先进的计算机技术、现代电子技术、通信技术和信号处理技术，实现对变电站主要设备和输、配电线路的自动监视、测量、控制、保护以及与调度通信等综合性自动化功能。近年来，随着国民经济的快速增长，传统的变电站已经远远不能满足现代电力系统管理模式的需求。因此，将变电站由常规站改造为综自站已渐渐成为一种趋势。该文就综自改造中出现的问题做出相应分析，以寻找解决这些问题的合理方案。Abstract: substation integrated automation is the use of advanced computer tech

2、nology, modern electronic technology, communication technology and signal processing technology, the implementation of substation main equipment and transport, distribution circuit of automatic monitoring, measurement, control, protection and communication and dispatching integrated automation funct

3、ion. In recent years, with the rapid growth of national economy, the traditional substation has far cannot satisfy the needs of modern management mode of power system. Therefore, transformed substation by routine for all the standing has gradually become a trend. This article all the problems arisin

4、g from the modification accordingly analysis, to find reasonable solutions to these problems. 关键词：综合自动化 原则 事故信号 GPS 后台监控Key words: integrated automation principle of GPS signal background monitor accident 0 引言0 the introduction 近年来，将变电站由常规站改为综自站渐渐成为一种趋势。综自改造后的变电站，其运行情况越来越依赖于自动化装置的实用性及成熟性。In recent y

5、ears, the substation from conventional station to ensemble since gradually become a trend. Zong since after transforming the substation, its operation is more and more depends on the practicability of automation devices and maturity. 1 自动化改造的原则The principle of 1 automation reconstruction 将一次设备在线监测系统

6、与变电站自动化系统集成，可以提高高压电气设备的运行可靠性，且有望实现真正意义上的变电站无人值班；继续提高二次设备的智能化水平，引入PLC技术，实现变电站从多人值班到少人值班、从少人值班到无人值班有人巡视的平稳过渡；引入先进的WEBServer技术和防火墙技术，使运行管理人员可通过Internet/Intranet实现远程访问和维护；结合通信工程，综合考虑变电站的调度通道问题。Will a equipment online monitoring system and substation integrated automation system, can improve the operatio

7、n reliability of the high voltage electrical equipment, and to realize the true sense of the unattended substation; Continue to improve intelligent level of secondary equipment, introduced the PLC technology, substation from the people on duty to less people, someone from less person on duty to unma

8、nned on duty patrol a smooth transition; The introduction of advanced WEBServer technology and firewall technology, make the operation and management personnel can through the Internet/Intranet to realize remote access and maintenance; Communication engineering, comprehensive consideration of substa

9、tion dispatching channel problem. 2 变电站自动化改造方案Substation automation retrofit scheme 2 2.1 RTU兼做监控系统控制、测量模块方案 该方案是在保留原远动装置基础上进行的升级、扩容改造。系统一般采用双机冗余模式，分为站级层和间隔层2层。系统以微机监控系统为核心，与站级层构成双主机冗余备份系统，间隔层按功能单元划分，综合遥测、遥信、遥控、遥调、通讯于一体。2.1 RTU and do monitoring and control system control, measurement module scheme

10、is the scheme in retain the original remote device upgrade and expansion on the base. System generally adopts double redundancy mode, divided into ZhanJi spacing layer and layer 2. System with microcomputer monitoring system as the core, and ZhanJi layer constitutes a double redundancy backup host s

11、ystem, spacer layer according to the division of function units, comprehensive telemetering, remote communication, remote control, remote regulating, communication at an organic whole. 2.2 全监控方案 该方案采用RCS9000型分层布置方式，变电站保护和测控既相对独立，又相互融合。保护装置工作不受测控和外部通信的影响，确保保护的安全性和可靠性；同时可以实现信息共享，为变电站综合自动化提供了完整的解决方案。该系

12、统可分为以下3层。2.2 all monitoring scheme is the scheme adopts the RCS - 9000 type layered arrangement, substation protection and control is relatively independent, and mutual fusion. Protection work is not subject to measurement and control and the influence of external communication, ensure the safety an

13、d reliability of protection; At the same time can realize information sharing, the substation integrated automation provides a complete solution. The system can be divided into three layers. 2.2.1 变电站层采用分布式系统结构，由就地监控、远动、“五防”主站组成。就地监控及远动均采用双机备用，增加可靠性。该层为变电值班人员、调度运行人员提供变电站监视、控制和管理功能。2.2.1 the substati

14、on layer adopts distributed system structure, by the in situ monitoring, remote, five prevention of master station. In situ monitoring and remote adopt dual standby, increase reliability. This layer for substation attendant, scheduling operation personnel substation monitoring, control and managemen

15、t functions. 2.2.2 通信层支持全以太网双网结构。双网采用均衡流量管理，有效地保证了网络传输的实时性和可靠性。通信协议采用电力行业标准规约，可方便地实现不同厂家的设备互连。支持不同的规约向不同的调度所或集控站转发不同的信息报文。支持GPS硬件对时网络。2.2.2 communication layer to support Ethernet double network structure. Dual network USES the balanced flow management, effectively guarantee the real-time and reliab

16、ility of network transmission. Communication protocol USES the electric power industry standard specifications, different manufacturers of equipment can be easily interconnected. Support different set of rules to the different scheduling or control station different information packet forwarding. GP

17、S hardware support network for fashion. 2.2.3 间隔层保护单元、测控单元组屏布置于主控室。测控单元采用WorldFIP高速现场总线组网，保护单元采用485口接入保护信息管理系统。2.2.3 interval layer of protection, measurement and control unit panel unit arranged in the master control room. Measurement and control unit adopts high-speed fieldbus WorldFIP network, pr

18、otection unit adopts 485 access protection information management system. 3 改造中应注意的问题Three problems should be paid attention to in 3.1 有关事故信号的问题 在常规控制方式的变电站，运行中发生事故时变电站将产生事故报警音响并经过远动设备向调度自动化系统发出事故信号，调度自动化系统采用这个事故信号启动事故相应的处理软件（推出事故画面、启动报警音响等）。由此可见，变电站的事故信号是一个非常重要的信号，特别是对于无人值班的变电站，由于监控中心的运行人员需要同时监控多个变

19、电站的运行状态，事故信号就成为监控中心运行人员中断其它工作转入事故处理的主要标志性的信号，非常重要。3.1 questions about the incident signals in transformer substation, the conventional control mode of accidents occurred in the operation of the substation will alarm sound and produce accident telecontrol equipment accident signal to the dispatching

20、automation system, dispatching automation system using the incident signal launch corresponding processing software (launch accident scenes, start the alarm sound, etc.). Substation accident signal, therefore, is a very important signal, especially for the unattended substation, due to the monitorin

21、g center operators need to monitoring the running state for multiple substation at the same time, the incident signals becomes the monitoring center operators interrupt other work into accident treatment main hallmark of signals, it is very important. 在110kV顿岗变电站综自改造竣工验收时，验收人员在操作35 kV线路时，发现在后台和地调远方控

22、制合开关时，都会触发“事故跳闸”信号。In substation 110 kV, hills, all the modification completion inspection and acceptance, the acceptance of the personnel in the operation of 35 kV line, found in the background and to control the distance, the switch will be triggered tripping accident signal. 在采用常规的微机远动设备和保留控制屏的无人

23、值班变电站中，一般采用在控制回路中增加记忆继电器（双位置）的方法产生事故信号，这种方法已在以前的采用RTU进行无人值班改造工程项目中（110 kV及以下电压变电站）应用多年，其技术依据与原控制屏操作KK开关与实际开关位置不对应相同。110 kV顿岗变电站事故信号生成的原理与上述方法相同。其回路为将操作回路中的KKJ继电器（双位置继电器）的合后位置结点与断路器位置信号结点串联，形成一个电气单元的事故信号，监控系统中只须将各电气单元的事故信号进行软件或运算即可生成全站事故信号。In conventional microcomputer remote control panel equipment

24、and retention of unmanned substations, generally USES in the control loop method was found to increase memory relay (double) accident signal, this method have been used in previous RTU unattended renovation project (voltage substation 110 kV and below) in the application for many years, the technica

25、l basis and the original control panel KK switches and the actual operation switch does not correspond to the same position. 110 kV transformer substation, hills, signal generated by the principle is the same as the above methods. KKJ relay in the loop for the operation (double position relay) after

26、 location nodes position signal with the circuit breaker in series, forming an electrical unit accident signal, monitoring and control system of the electrical unit accident will only signal by software or computing the total station can generate accident signal. 因为35 kV、10 kV均为储能开关，当断路器合上时，储能装置启动，与

27、其相连的TWJ失磁，若将TWJ的常开位置与KKJ的常开位置相连，构成生成事故总的回路，则会避免上述问题的产生。这种解决方法可以有效的避免因为软件延时而产生的误判断。具体回路如图1所示。For 35 kV, 10 kV switch for energy storage, energy storage device, when the circuit breaker closed connected with its TWJ excitation-loss, if the TWJ normally open position with normally open position of KKJ

28、is linked together, form generated accident overall circuit, can avoid the above problems. This solution can effectively avoid because software delay of false judgment. Specific circuit as shown in figure 1. 3.2 有关GPS对时的问题 随着变电站自动化水平的提高，电力系统对统一时钟的要求愈加迫切，有了统一时钟，即可实现全站各系统在GPS时间基准下的运行监控和事故后的故障分析，也可以通过各

29、开关动作的先后顺序来分析事故的原因及发展过程。统一时钟是保证电力系统安全运行，提高运行水平的一个重要措施。因此，在广东电网公司发布的广东电网110220 kV变电站自动化系统技术规范中，明确要求采用GPS时钟对电站装置进行校时。3.2 questions about GPS pair with the improvement of substation automation, power system, the unified clock requirements more and more urgent, with unified clock, total station can be re

30、alized under the GPS time benchmark of each system operation monitoring and fault analysis after the accident, also can through the switch action sequence to analyze the cause of the accident and the development of the process. Unified clock is to guarantee the safe operation of the power system, an

31、 important measures to improve the level of operation. In guangdong power grid company, therefore, the guangdong power grid of 110 220 kV substation automation system technical specification , explicitly require the use of GPS clock to school when generating system. GPS对时一般有三种方式。GPS, generally there

32、 are three ways for fashion. 脉冲同步信号：装置的同步脉冲常用空接点方式输入。常用的脉冲信号有：1PPS，1PPM，1PPH。Pulse synchronizing signal: input device sync pulse commonly used empty contact way. Commonly used pulse signal are: 1 PPS, 1 PPM, 1 PPH. 串行口对时方式：装置通过串行口读取同步时钟每秒一次的串行输出的时间信息对时，串行口又分为RS232接口和RS422接口方式。Mode of serial port pair: synchronous clock device through the serial port read per second pair a serial output time information, serial port and RS232 interface and RS422 interface. IRIG-B方式对时：IRIG-B为IRIG委员会的B标准，是专为时钟的传输制定的时钟码。每秒输出一帧按秒、分、时、日期的顺序排列的时间信息。IRIG-B信号有直流偏置（TTL）电平、1 kHz正弦调制信号、RS422电平方式、RS232电平方式四种形式。IRIG -b