高考英语历年真题常见动词的短语大全.docx

1、高考英语历年真题常见动词的短语大全英语常见动词的短语大全A 在现代英语中，常常将介词或副词置于某一动词之后，以便能够表达多种不同的意思：give away送给某人give up放弃，停止（一种习惯或某种努力）look after照顾look for寻找，寻求look out小心，注意学生没有必要去区分这些短语动词究竟是由动词+介词还是由动词+副词组成的，但必须要把这些习惯用法看作是一个整体。同时，要掌握每一短语动词是及物的（即需要有宾语）或是不及物的（即不需要宾语）。这很重要。look for是及物短语动词：I am looking for my passport我在找我的护照。look ou

2、t是不及物短语动词：look out！This ice isnt safe！当心！这冰危险！本章后文中的每一短语动词都标有“tr”（transitive，及物）或“intr”（intransitive，不及物）符号。每一短语动词的用法举例将有助于表明二者之间的差别。注意：一个短语动词可能有两种或两种以上的不同的意思，也可能其中一个或几个是及物的，另外一个或几个是不及物的。如take off可意为“拿掉”，所以它是及物的：He took off his hat他摘下他的帽子。take off也可意为“起飞”（用于飞机）。这时它是不及物的：The plane took off at ten ocl

3、ock飞机是10点钟起飞的。B 及物短语动词：宾语的位置作宾语的名词通常位于及物短语动词之后：I am looking for my glasses我正在找我的眼镜。作宾语的名词与某些短语动词连用时，可位于句末，也可以紧跟在动词之后，即用于小品词前。可以说：He took off his coatHe took his coat off他脱掉外衣。宾格代词有时位于短语动词之后：I am looking for them我正在找他们。但宾格代词在大多数情况下紧跟在动词之后：He took it off他把它脱掉了。宾格代词常位于下列小品词之前：up，down， in， out， away，off

4、和on（词组call on拜访除外）。每一习语下表明用法的例句将以下列方法标明作宾语的名词或代词的各种可能的位置：Ill give this old coat away（give away this old coatgive it away）我将把这件旧外衣送掉。即，在使用这一短语动词时，作宾语的名词既可位于away之前，也可位于其后；而宾格代词只可位于away之前。在只给出一个例句时，读者可以推定宾格代词的位置与作宾语的名词位置相同。C 这些短语动词后面的宾语如果是动词，则应使用动词的动名词形式：He kept on blowing his horn他不断地吹喇叭。通常使用动名词之处，将举例

5、说明。请注意，某些短语动词后面应带动词不定式：It is up to yon to decide this for yourself这事全由你自己决定。Some of the younger members called on the minister to resign某些较年轻的议员要求部长辞职。The lecturer set out to show that most illnesses were avoidable讲师开始表明多数疾病是可以预防的。go on既可以带不定式，也可以带动名词，但二者的意义有相当大的不同。参见第270节A。动词+介词副词的组合accountaccount

6、for（tr）（为某事）给出充分的理由，圆满地解释（某种行为或某项支出），做出交代：A treasurer must account for the money he spends财务负责人必须对他支付的款项做出交代。He has behaved in the most extraordinary way；I cant account for his actions at allI cant account for his behaving like that他的行为极为奇怪，我完全无法解释他的行动我无法为他那样的举动做出解释。allowallow for（tr）预先为某事留有余地，考虑到（常

7、指某种额外的需要、支出、耽搁等）：It is 800 kilometers and I drive at 100 k.p.h., so Ill be there in eight hoursBut youll have to allow for delays going through towns and for stops for refueling距离是800公里，而我的车速是每小时100公里，因此我八小时后可以到那里。可是你得把通过市镇和停车加油所耽搁的时间考虑进去。Allowing for depreciation your car should be worth2，000 this

8、time next year如果考虑到折旧，你的车明年此时应当值2，000英镑。answeranswer back（intr），answer somebody back反驳别人的责难，回嘴顶撞：Father：Why were you so late last night？ You werent in till2 am父亲：你昨晚回家为什么这么晚？你直到凌晨两点钟才回来。Son：You should have been asleep儿子：那时候你本该睡着了。Father：Dont answer me backAnswer my question父亲：别跟我顶嘴。回答我的问题。askask aft

9、er/for somebody 探询有关的信息，（向第三者）问某人健康如何：I met Tom at the party；he asked after you我在聚会上遇见了汤姆；他问你好。（问你健康如何问你过得怎么样）ask for（a）寻找某人并想和他她说话，要求见到某人：Go to the office and ask for my secretary到办公室去，找我的秘书。（b）要求，索要：The men asked for more pay and shorter hours工人们要求增加工资，减少工时。ask someone in（宾语在in之前）请某人进来：He didnt as

10、k me in；he kept me standing at the door while he read the message他没有让我进去；他径自看那张条子，让我站在门口等着。ask someone out（宾语在out之前）请某人出去参加娱乐活动或吃饭（特别是在公众地方吃饭）：She had a lot of friends and was usually asked out in the evenings，so she seldom spent an evening at home她有很多朋友，晚上常被邀请外出，因此她晚上很少在家里呆着。backback away（intr）慢慢地退

11、回去（因为遇到某种危险或不愉快的事）：When he took a gun out everyone backed away nervously他拿出枪来时，大家都紧张地向后退去。back out（intr）退出（某事先已同意的联合行动），停止或拒绝给予所允诺的帮助或支持：He agreed to help but backed out when he found how difficult it was他本来同意给予帮助的，但在发现事情有多么困难之后就打退堂鼓了。back somebody up从道义上或行动上支持：The headmaster never backed up his sta

12、ff（backed them up）If a parent complained about a teacher he assumed that the teacher was in the wrong校长从来不给教员们撑腰。凡是有家长给老师提意见时，他总是认为一定是老师不对。bebe against（tr）反对（常带动名词）：Im for doing nothing till the police arriveIm against doing anything till the police arrive我赞成在警察来到以前不采取行动。我反对在警察到来以前采取任何行动。be away（int

13、r）（至少有一个晚上）不在家，不在某地be back（intr）在长期或短暂地离开之后回到原地：I want to see Mrs. PittIs she in？No，Im afraid shes out at the momentNo，Im afraid shes away for the weekendWhen will she be back？Shell be back in half an hour/next week我想见皮特夫人。她在吗？不，恐怕她现在不在。不，我想她外出度周末了。她什么时候回来？她半小时后下周回来。be for（tr）赞成（常带动名词）be in（intr）在家或

14、在某个建筑物内be in for（tr）将要遇上（常跟某种令人不愉快的事）：Did you listen to the weather forecast？ Im afraid were in for a bumpy flight你听气象预报没有？恐怕我们这次航班要很颠簸。If you think that the work is going to be easy youre in for a shock如果你以为这工作将容易，那么你可要大吃一惊了。be out（intr）短时间不在家不在某个建筑物里，但并不在外过夜be over（intr）结束：The storm is over now；we

15、 can go on暴风雨过去了；我们可以继续走了。be up（intr）起床了：Dont expect her to answer the doorbell at eight oclock on Sunday morningShe wont be up星期日早上8点钟时，别指望她听见门铃响会来开门。她那时还没有起床呢。be up to（tr）体力或智力足以（宾语常用it，但也可用动名词）：After his illness the Minister continued in office though he was no longer up to the work/up to doing t

16、he work部长生病后继续任职，但他已力不胜任了。be up to somethingsome mischiefsome trickno good从事或忙于某种调皮的、不正道的或有害的事捣鬼：Dont trust him；he is up to somethingsome trick别信他；他在搞鬼在耍诡计。The boys are very quietI wonder what they are up to男孩子们无声无息了。我不知他们在捣什么鬼。注意：这里up to的宾语常是某一很不确定的词语，如上面例句所示。这个习语从来不与某一具体明确的事连用。it is up to someone（

17、常带动词不定式）此事是某人的职责：It is up to the government to take action on violence采取行动对付暴力行为，是政府职责所在。I have helped you as much as I can Now it is up to you我已尽我所能地帮助你了。现在该看你自己了。（你得靠自己的努力干下去。）bearbear out（tr）证实，提供证明：This report bears out my theory（bears my theory outbears it out）这报告证实了我的理论。bear up（intr）听到坏消息仍能勇敢支

18、撑，掩饰感情或忧伤：The news of her death was a great shock to him but he bore up bravely and none of us realized how much he felt it她故去的消息对他来讲是个打击，但他勇敢地支撑着，我们谁也没意识到他的感受该有多么强烈。blowblow out（tr）吹熄：The wind blew out the candle（blew the candle outblew it out）风吹灭了蜡烛。blow up（trintr）（a）用爆炸的方法毁灭，爆炸，被毁：They blew up th

19、e bridges so that the enemy couldnt follow them（blew the bridges upblew them up）他们炸毁了桥，好让敌人不能追上他们。Just as we got to the bridge it blew up我们刚到桥头，桥就炸掉了。（b）充气，打气，使膨胀：The children blew up their balloons and threw them into the air（ blew the balloons upblew them up）孩子们把气球吹鼓了，扔向空中。boilboil away（intr）（液体）因

20、沸腾而挥发完，熬干：I put the kettle on the gas ring and then went away and forgot about itWhen I returned， the water had all boiled away and the flame had burnt a hole in the kettle我把壶放在煤气灶上，然后就走开把这事忘掉了。我回来时，水都烧干了，火把壶底烧出了一个窟窿。boil over（intr）（液体因沸腾而）溢到容器外面：The milk boiled over and there was a horrible smell o

21、f burning牛奶潽了，烧糊的味道极为难闻。breakbreak down a door etc用强力敲破或撞破：The firemen had to break down the door to get into the burning house（break the door down/break it down）消防员不得不破门而入以便到着火的房子里边去。break down figures将一数目分别列在不同项目下以作进一步说明：You say that 10，000 people use this libraryCould you break that down into age

22、-groups？你说有10，000人使用这所图书馆。你能否按年龄组将数字分解一下？（即说出有多少人是25岁以下的，有多少人是50岁以上的等等）break down（intr）由于有缺陷或强度不够而坏掉或不再正常运作：（a）常指人暂时感情支持不住：He broke down when telling me about his sons tragic death他向我谈到他儿子惨死的事时，不能自已了。（他失声痛哭了。）（b）指丧失精神上的抵抗力：At first he refused to admit his guilt but when he was shown the evidence he

23、broke down and confessed起初他否认有罪，但给他看证据时，他招架不住而供认了。（c）指身体健康状况严重恶化：After years of overwork his health broke down and he had to retire在多年劳累之后，他的身体垮了，只好退休。（d）常指机器坏了：The car broke down when we were driving through the desert and it took us two days to repair it我们驾车横越沙漠时，汽车坏了，花了两天才修好。（e）指交涉或谈判的破裂：The nego

24、tiations broke down because neither side would compromise因为双方都不肯妥协，谈判破裂了。break in（intr）， break into（tr）（a）用暴力强行进入：Thieves broke in and stole the silver窃贼破门而入，偷走了银器。The house was broken into when the owner was on holiday屋主外出度假时，有贼破门而入。（b）突然说话打断别人：I was telling them about my travels when he broke in w

25、ith a story of his own我正在告诉他们我旅途中的事，他忽然插嘴讲起他自己的故事来。break in a young horsepony etc（tr）训练（马等）以供驾驭使用：You cannot ride or drive a horse safely before he has been broken in在没有把马训练好以前，不管骑它还是用它驾车都是不安全的。break off（tr/intr）解开，破开，使分裂开或自己破裂开：He took a bar of chocolate and broke off a bit（broke a bit off/broke it

26、 off）他拿出一板巧克力，掰下了一小块。A piece of rock broke off and fell into the pool at the foot of the cliff一块岩石断裂开，掉到悬崖脚下的池塘里。break off（tr）终止，停止，取消（常跟协议、协商或谈判等）：Ann has broken off her engagement to Tom（broken her engagement off/broken it off）安已经取消了同汤姆的婚约。break off（intr）突然停止说话，突然住口：They were in the middle of an a

27、rgument but broke off when someone came into the room他们正争吵不休，但有人进屋时他们突然住口了。break out（intr）（a）开始，爆发（常用于诸如战争、流行病、火灾等不好的事）：War broke out on 4 Angust战争于8月4日爆发。（b）用暴力方法从监狱等地逃出：They locked him up in a room but he broke out他们把他锁在一间屋里，可是他强行逃出了。（砸开门跑掉了）The police are looking for two men who broke out of pris

28、on last night警方正在搜捕昨天晚上越狱逃跑的两名男子。break up（trintr）（使）瓦解，（使）解体：If that ship stays there she will break upshe will be broken up by the waves那艘船如果停泊在那里，就会破的会被浪头打散的。The old ship was towed away to be broken up and sold as scrap那艘旧船被拖走以便拆散当废铁卖了。Divorce breaks up a lot of families（breaks families upbreaks t

29、hem up）离婚拆散了许多家庭。break up（intr）（用于学校的学期、会议、聚会等）散会，放假：The school broke up on 30 July and all the boys went home for the holidays学校在7月30日放假了，男孩子们都回家度假去了。The meeting broke up in confusion会议在一片混乱中散了。bringbring someone round（tr；宾语常位于round之前）（a）说服某人接受以前所反对的建议：After a lot of argument I brought him round to

30、 my point of view在争辩了很久之后，我说服他转念同意了我的看法。（b）使恢复知觉：She fainted with the pain but a little brandy soon brought her round她痛得昏厥了，但是一小点白兰地很快使她恢复了知觉。bring a person or thing round（tr；宾语常位于 round之前）把人或物带到某人的住所去：I have finished that book that you lent me； Ill bring it round（to your house）tonight你借给我的书我已经看完了；我

31、今晚上把它带（到你家里）来。bring up（tr）（a）教育培养儿童：She brought up her children to be truthful（brought her children upbrought them up）她教导她的孩子们要真诚无欺。（b）提起，谈到：At the last committee meeting，the treasurer brought up the question of raising the annual subscription（brought the question upbrought it up）委员会上一次开会时，财务主管提出了提高会员年费的问题。burnburn down（trintr）（完全）焚毁（指建筑物）：The mob burnt down the embassy（burnt the embassy downburnt it down）乱民把大使馆焚毁了。The hotel burnt down before h