外研版九年级英语上册语法知识点汇总.docx

1、外研版九年级英语上册语法知识点汇总外研版九年级英语上语法汇总一.现在进行时的用法现在进行时主要用来表示现在活当前一段时间内正在进行的动作或者存在的状态.例如：Im watching TV now.例如： Lucy is preparing for the test these days, but now she is playing the piano.现在进行时肯定句的结构：主语 +be (am/is/are ) +动词的现在分词(-ing ) 以动词work为例：自7E式I am working.He/she/itisworking.We/You/They are working.疑问式A

2、m i workingIs he/She/It workingAre we/you/they working否认式1,I am not working.2,He/She/It is not(isn t) working.3,We/You/They are not(aren t) working.否认疑问式1,Am i not working2,Is he/she/it not working或 Isn t he/she/it working3,Are we/you/they not working或 Aren t we/you/they working注意：come, go, leave ,

3、arrive , fly , start , begin等动词,可用现在进行时表示将来 的概念.例如： The train is leaving in five minutes.二.一般将来时的用法1.be going to引导的一般将来时be going to 表示将要发生的事或打算、方案要做某事,它是一般将来时的一种表达形式, 其后常有表示将来的时间状语,如tomorrow、next week等,形式是：be going to +动词原形.be随着主语人称和数的变化而变化,而 going to固定不变,to是不定式符号,后跟 动词原形.例如：I am going to study hard

4、 this term.我打算这学期努力学习.She is going to write to him as soon as possible.她打算尽快给他写信.2.will 引导的一般将来时will是助动词,意为“将；将要,其后要跟动词原形,即“ will +动词原形构成一般 将来时,描述从现在来看将要发生的事情或表达对将来的预测等.助动词 will可用于各种 人称,无人称和数的变化.句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语,如 tomorrow、next week、 in ten years 等.肯定句：主语+will+动词原形+其他；否认句：主语+will not/wont + 动词原形+其他；一

5、般疑问句： Will+主语+动词原形+其他？ 例如：I will visit my grandparents next weekend.下周末,我将去拜访我的爷爷奶奶.-Will he pass the exam tomorrow -Yes, he will.-他将会通过明天的测试吗？-是的,他会的.注意：shall+动词原形,可用于主语为第一人称的一般将来时英国人的用法.例如： Where shall we meet tomorrow我们明天在哪里会面？Be going to 和will的区别：be going to既可以指主管打算也可以住客观迹象说明将要发生；will往往指没有经过方案,临

6、时出现的意图,常伴有说话者的主观意愿或指将来必 然发生的事.例如：I am going to quit my present job.我打算辞去目前的工作.目前经过思考后的打算,指向将来 I will answer the door.我去开门.未经事先考虑的意图The little boy is going to fall over.这个小男孩要摔倒了.(根据客观迹象得出判断 )I hope it will be fine tomorrow.我希望明天会好起来.(主观意愿)三,一般现在时的用法(1)概念：表示经常性,习惯性动作；也表示客观真理；用于时间或条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现(主语将来时

7、,从句一般现在时)这一规律.(2) 常与下歹U单词或词组连用：always , usually , often, sometimes , every week (day,year , month - ) , once a week , on Sundays 例： We are always ready to help others.(3)根本结构：主语+is/am/are 或do/does(动词原形/动词第三人称单数形式)例：It always snows here at this time.(4)否认形式：谓语动词为be动词时,需改成 am/is/are+not ;假设谓语动词为行为动词,那

8、么在其前加dont/doesnt ,行为动词恢复原形.例： He doesnt know what to say.(5) 一般疑问句：谓语动词为be动词时,需将is/am/are 放于句首；假设谓语动词为行为动词,需将助动词 do/does提至句首,同时行为动词恢复原形.例： Does he know what to sayThe sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落.四,一般过去时的用法(1)概念：表示过去某一段时间所发生的动作和存在的状态.(2) 时间状语： ago, yesterday , the day before yes

9、terday , last week , last(year , night , month - ) , in 1989 , just now , at the age of 5, one day , long long ago , onceupon a time , etc .(3)根本结构：主语+be动词的过去形式/行为动词的过去式(4)否认形式：was/were+not ;在行为动词前加 didnt ,同时行为动词恢复原形.(5) 一般疑问句：be动词将was或were放于句首；行为动词用助动词 do的过去式did提 问,同时行为动词恢复原形.例：She often came to se

10、e us in those days.He didnt know you were so busy.注意：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般过去时表将来动作.Alina said she would come if I waited for her.艾琳娜说如果我等她,她会来的.五,现在完成时(1)概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去开始,持续到现在的动作或存在的状态.(2)时间状语： recently , lately , never , before , for , since , in the past few years , etc.(3)根本结构：hav

11、e/has + done( 动词的过去分词)(4)否认形式： have/has + not +done(5)一般疑问句：把 have或has提到句首.例：I have read the book before.Zhengzhou has changed a lot in the past few years.注意：现在完成时表动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意举重的谓语动词应是延续性动作,非延续性动作在肯定句不可和一段时间连用.错误：I have left this school for 8 years.正确：I have been away from school

12、for 8 years.在否认句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用.I havent gone to see him for several months.我已经好几个月没去看他了.延续性动词换为延续性动词BuyHaveFinishBe overBorrowKeepDieBe deadOpenBe openCatch a coldHave a coldCloseBe closedPut onWearBegin/startBe onGet upBe upComeBe hereWake upBe awakeGoBe thereFall asleepBe asleepLoseNot haveJoinBe

13、 inLeaveBe awayArrive/reachBeMarry/get marriedBe married,as soon as引导时间状语从句as soon as引导时间状语从句,从句动作一发生,主句动作随即发生,意为“一就. 如果主句用一般将来时或含有情态动词,从句用一般现在时表示将来.当从句中用一般过去时的时候,主句用过去的某种时态.主句将来时as soon as 从句过去时 主将从现主句过去时 as soon as 从句过去时例如：I will tell him the good news as soon as he comes back.他一回来,我就会告诉他这个好消息.My

14、father started to read the newspaper as soon as he sat down.我父亲一坐下就开始看报纸.二,when/while/as 引导的时间状语从句1.when意为“当的时候,当引导从句时,谓语动词可用延续性动词,也可用短暂性 动词.从句中的动词可表动作,也可表状态.主语的动作可以与从句的动作时间同时,也可不同时.例： When I was watching TV, my mother came back.2.while 意为“在的时候；在期间,指一个时间段,从句中的谓语动词必须是 延续性动词,强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在

15、从句的动作过程 中.例： My father is cooking while my mother is reading newspapers.3.as意为“当的时候；随着,从句中的谓语动词可用延续性动词,也可用短暂性动词.强调两个动作同时发生；或某事一发生,另一事立即发生.例： As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.The little girls sang as they danced.异同点when/while/as 都是可用在时间状语从句前的连词,意为当时候.1.?相同点：从句谓语是延续性动词时：whe仆while

16、和as可以互换.但是多用 while .例：Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as/when/while?father was away in France.2.?不同点：三,由连词till/untilnot.until引导的时间状语从句till / until在表达方式和意义上的特殊性：until是till的强调形式,但是它们表达的意义是相同的,都表示“直到某时.不过,当主句是否认句时,它引出的意思是 “直到某时某动作才发生,这时候常会出现“ not until/till的结构.例如：They didnt

17、notice their mistakes till we pointed them out to them.直到我们指出了他们的错误,他们才意识到.但是,当主句是肯定句时,它引出的意思是“直到某时某动作停止了.例如：The students made much noise till the teacher came into the classroom.直到老师走进教室学生们才停止了大声喧哗.另外,until可以放在句首而till 那么不行.我们只能说：Until they used up all their money, the young couple were very happy.在

18、他们花光他们所有的钱之前,这对年轻夫妇都很开心.这两个词意义相同.肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时,动词必须是延续性的.否 定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事.动词为延续性或非延续性都可以.正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否认式.肯定句：如：I slept until midnight.?我一直睡到半夜时醒了.否认句：如:She didnt arrive until 6 oclock.她直到6点才到.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.公共汽车停稳后再下车.四,由连词before/after/as soon a

19、s引导的时间状语从句1. before 和 afterBefore表示在.之前,先于,到.为止,才.before引导的时间状语从句通常表示主 句的动作发生在从句的动作之前.before引导的时间状语,当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时 例如：Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看至 U我.My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了.after与before ,在. 之后.当从句表示的动作发生在主句动作之前

20、,如果强调从句的动作发生在前,从句谓语要用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时.例如：He went out for a walk after he had finished the work .他完成这项工作后他出去散步.当从句表示的动作发生在主句动作之前,如不强调动作的先后,主句和从句均用一般过去时.例如：He went to bed after he finished his homework last night . 五,由连词since引导的时间状语从句Since引导的时间状语从句,表示自.以来.主句一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般 过去时.since表示“自从以来,作连词可以引导时间状语

21、从句.如：We have known each other since we were children.?我们从小熟悉.They ve moved twice since they got married.?他们结婚后已搬了两次家.这类句子的主句通常用现在完成时.但是,当主句表示一段时间时,可用一般现在时代替现在完成时,Since从句不可以用否认式.例如：It s a long time since we met last.?好久没见面了.How long is it since you came to London?你来伦敦有多久了It has been 2 years since we

22、last met.自从上次见面以来已经有两年了.一,结果状语so that引导结果状语从句时,从句中一般不用can和may等词,而且从内容上看主句和它引导的结果状语从句有因果关系,主句为因,从句为果.如：1.He gets up early so that he can catch the first bus.他起床早为的是能赶上第一班汽车.表目的,目的状语从句2.He got up late so that he didnt catch the first bus.他起床晚了以致于他没有赶上第一班车.表结果,结果状语从句50.1.that. 和such.that. “如此 以致于引导结果状语

23、从句.（1）so +形容词/副词+ that + 从句,如：例：This story is so interesting that I want to read it again.这个故事如此有趣以致我想再读一次.例： He spoke so quickly that I couldnt follow him.他说得如此快以致我跟不上他了.（2）so+形容词+ a/an +单数可数名词？+ that + 从句例： She is so lovely a girl that everyone loves her.她是如此可爱的一个女孩以致每个人都喜欢她.（3）such+ a/ an+形容词+单数可

24、数名词+that+从句以及such+形容词+复数可数名词/不可 数名词+that+从句：例： She is such a lovely girl that everyone loves her.她是如此可爱的一个女孩以致每个人都喜欢她.Those are such beautiful flowers that the girl wants to pick them.那些花是如此漂亮以致那个女孩想要摘下它们注意：so后面跟形容词、副词或由 few , little , a little , many, much修饰的名词.例如：He ran so quickly that I couldnt c

25、atch up with him.他跑得太快,我赶不上他.The box costs so little that I can afford it.这个箱子很廉价,我买得起.二,目的状语从句从句表示的是主句行为的目的从句就叫目的状语从句,常用的连词有：so that以便,in order that 为了；以便.从句谓语一般含有may, might, can, could, will, would等表示可能性的情态动词.例：Please speak loudly so that everyone can hear you.注意:？在口语中so可以引导目的状语从句.例：Well sit neare

26、r the front so we can hear better.?我们坐的靠前一点,因此,我们听得清楚一点.引导目的状语时 so that与in order that用法相同,不过 so that引导的目的状语从句不 能置于句首so that还可以表示结果,意思为“以致于,以便,也就是说由so that引导的状语从句可以认为是目的状语从句,也可以理解为结果状语从句.区分时关键看从句是否含有情态动词.注意：短语in order to 和so as to 表示为了,+动词原形.当从句与主句主语一致时,可用so as to , in order to与目的状语从句互换.He worked day

27、 and night in order that he could succeed.=He worked day and night in order to succeed.他日以继夜的工作想要获得成功.We will sit in the front of the hall so that we can hear better=We will sit in the front of the tall so as to/in order to hear better.我们将坐在大厅的前面,以便能听得更清楚.三,引导原因状语从句的附属连词主要的有because, as, since 等.beca

28、use引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后,because表示直接原因,语气最强,最适合答复why引导的疑问句.since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前,表示的、显然的理由.意为“既然,较为正式,语气比 because弱.as引导的原因状语从句表示附带说明的“双方的原因,语气比 since弱,位置较为 灵活,常放于主句之前.如：I do it because I like it.Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.As it is raining, youd better take a ta

29、xi.注意：1.because 不与 so连用.正： Because it was raining, we stayed at home.It was raining, so we stayed at home.误：Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.2.because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of短语进行转换.because+从句becauseof+名词短语.如： He cant come because he is ill.?=?He cant come because of his illness.系动词：表示感官、表

30、象的连系动词look, feel, smell, sound, taste, seem, appear形容词在系动词后构成系表结构.常见系动词有：1.be2.变化系动词：become, get, turn, grow, go3.保持系动词：keep, remain, stay4.感官系动词：look, smell, taste, feel, sound5.其他：seem, fall, lie, appear 等例：1.This shirt feels soft.这件衬衫摸起来很柔软.2.The egg soup tastes delicious.这个蛋汤品尝起来美味.3.My sister looks a bit sad.我妹妹看起来有一点伤心.4.Mr. Li got angry when he knew that his windows were broken.当李先生知道他的窗户坏了的时候,他生气了.When引导的时间状语从句when引导时间状语从句时,表示“当在时候.when相当于at that time或duringthat time ,既指时间点,也可指一段时间,引导的从句可用短暂性动词,也可用延续性动 词后者相当于 while .例：1.Jim came in while/when Kate was watching TV.