译林版高中英语选修8创新教案 Unit 1 Section 4.docx

1、译林版高中英语选修8创新教案 Unit 1 Section 4 原句感知自主探究I am afraid you have not appreciated the urgency of the matter.In the short term, the medicine may not be very effective.The job does not require any formal training.This kind of fast food is not fit for my appetite.No horse has a speed comparable to that of h

2、is.I seldom go home after five oclock in the afternoon.(1)以上例句中黑体部分构成句子的否定形式。(2)句中黑体部分的构成特点是由助动词加_not构成否定。(3)句中黑体部分的构成特点是由情态动词加_not构成否定。(4)句中黑体部分的构成特点是由系动词加_not构成否定。(5)句中的 no 和句中的 seldom 本身表示否定意义。语法剖析语法点一常用否定词1.英语中否定含义的表达形式多种多样，可以用not, no, never, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere等否定词来表达否定之意。We have not

3、 signed any agreement.我们没有签署任何协议。They never have time to go to the cinema during the weekdays.他们从星期一到星期五从来都没有时间去看电影。即时演练1(1)选词填空(重庆高考改编)A smile costs nothing,_but gives much.(nothing/something)(江西高考改编)My brother would like to buy a good watch but none was available from that shop.(nothing/none)(2)用否

4、定词翻译句子没人同意这个建议。No_one_agrees_to_the_suggestion.什么也改变不了我的主意。Nothing_can_change_my_mind.我从来都没有见过他。I_have_never_seen_him.2可以用hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, few等半否定词来表达否定之意。Now she hardly had strength to open the carriage door.此刻她几乎没有力气打开车厢的门。Unfortunately, very few people have played in this space.遗

5、憾的是，只有极少数的人涉足这个领域。即时演练2选词填空：little/hardly/seldom/fewI had hardly closed my eyes when I remembered I hadnt done my maths homework.I have few friends in the new school.Mr Smith seldom goes back to his hometown.I have only a little money left.3可以用含否定意义的前缀a， ab， anti， de， dis， il， im， in， ir， non， un， u

6、nder等构成的词表达否定之意；也可以用后缀less, free, proof等构成的词表达否定之意。Today it is impossible to cure cancer completely.目前要完全治愈癌症是不可能的。Second, it is also useless to worry about the future.其次，为未来而担忧也是没有用的。即时演练3写出下列词的反义词useuselesssmokernonsmokerlike(喜欢)dislikelegalillegalregularirregular4其他表达否定意义的词组及固定搭配：far from, safe f

7、rom, rather than, other than, free from, would rather . than ., prefer to do . rather than do . 等。Your work is far from being satisfactory.你的工作一点也不令人满意。The truth is quite other than what you think.事实真相同你想的完全不同。即时演练4(1)单句语法填空(浙江高考改编)Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the

8、 best approach to working things out.(全国卷改编)The form cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself. (2)完成句子他宁可辞职也不向老板屈服。He would_rather_quit_than give in to his boss.He prefers to quit rather_than give in to his boss.现在我们不会受森林大火的祸害了。Now we are quite safe_from the forest fire.语法点二否定句1.全部否定no, not, n

9、ever, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, neither .nor结构均表示全部否定，在汉语中体现为“绝对不”，“没有”，“远不(非)”，“一点也不”，“根本不”，“无论如何也没有”等。None of my friends is in favor of my plan.我的朋友都不支持我的计划。The book is nowhere to be found.那本书哪儿也找不到。即时演练5(1)选词填空(四川高考改编)Shed lived in London and Manchester, but she liked neither and moved to C

10、ambridge.(neither/either)(安徽高考改编)This project requires close teamwork. Nothing_ will be achieved unless we work well together.(everything/nothing)(2)完成句子没有什么比健康更重要的了。Nothing is more important than health.没人同意这个周末去爬山。Nobody/No_one agrees to climb up the mountain this weekend.2部分否定英语中一些含有总括含义的代词、形容词或副

11、词，当用于否定句中时，只否定一部分，而不是全部否定。如all, everybody (everyone), everything, anyone (anybody), anything, anywhere, everywhere, always, quite, both, entirely, altogether等词与not连用时，在汉语中译为“不全是”，“不都是”，“并非全都是”，“不总是”等。His reasons were not entirely clear.他的理由不是很明确。Not everyone likes travelling.并不是每个人都喜欢旅游。即时演练6(1)选词填空

12、(全国卷改编)Its an eitheror situation we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do both.(either/both)(2)句型转换(每空一词)Some young people like rock music.Not_ all young people like rock music.One of the two boys is from America.Both of the boys are not from America.3双重否定双重否定，意义肯定：指同一句中

13、有两处具有否定含义，但表达的意义是肯定的，通常比肯定句的语气要重。译成汉语时可以译成肯定形式，也可以保持双重否定形式。用于表示双重否定的词或结构有：no . not; no/not . without; cannot but do (不得不); cannot help doing; cannot help but do; without doubt; without fail; not seldom (常常); not displeased (满意的)等。Nobody does nothing.人人都要做事。We cannot help admiring his bravery.我们不得不佩服

14、他的勇敢。He is not displeased with my answer.他对我的回答感到满意。即时演练7完成句子活到老，学到老。Itsnever_too_old to learn.不经历风雨，怎能见彩虹。There is no success without_hardships.如果你不懂安全规则，就不要试图操作这台机器。Dont try to operate this machine unless_you_know_the_rules for safety.4某些结构表达否定意义(1)too .to (太而不能)Hes too small to do that.他太小了，干不了那件

15、事。(2)more A than B(与其B不如A)，more than含有can的从句(不能)He is more brave than wise.他有勇无谋。Your problem is more than I can deal with.你的问题我解决不了。(3)比较级than不定式(不至于做)You should know better than to play football in the classroom.你应该明白不该在教室里踢足球的。He was wiser than to have done such a thing.他不至于愚蠢到做出这样的事情。即时演练8完成句子这帽

16、子太大，没法戴。The hat is too_large_to_wear.与其说她害羞，倒不如说她是害怕。She is more_frightened_than shy.5连词before，unless等引导的状语从句可以表达否定意义He slipped out before the meeting started.会议还没开始，他就悄悄地溜出去了。Unless you put on your overcoat, youll catch a cold.如果你不穿大衣，就会着凉。即时演练9(1)单句语法填空(江西高考改编)She says that shell have to close the

17、 shop unless business improves.(2)翻译句子我还没来得及回答，他就跑出了房间。He_ran_out_of_the_room_before_I_could_answer.除非努力否则你不会成功。You_will_not_succeed_unless_you_work_hard.6虚拟语气可以表达否定意义But for your coming, I should have been very lonely.要不是你来了，我会感到很寂寞的。即时演练10(1)单句语法填空(浙江高考改编)They were abroad during the months when we

18、 were carrying out the investigation, or they would_have_come (come) to our help.(2)句型转换(每空一词)If there hadnt been your help, I would have failed.But for your help, I would have failed.If you had followed my advice, it would be better.If only you had followed my advice.文学评论技法指导文学评论重在对作品本身内容、艺术特点、作者创作

19、风格等方面的评价，要始终围绕原作展开评论，从分析中得出结论。写好文学评论要注意以下几点：1细致地阅读作品，准确把握评论对象这是写好文学评论的关键。因为只有细致地阅读作品，才可能对作品的思想内容、艺术特色有真切的感受；只有对评论对象有准确的把握，才能形成自己的见解，才能形成自己的观点或评论的中心。2确定评论点，有明确的评价文学评论的中心论点就是对作品的评价，这个评价一定要明确，要实事求是有理有据。3采用叙议结合、评析结合的方法实施写作在文学评论中，“叙”是指对作品内容的复述、介绍或引用，“议”则包含分析和评价两方面。分析，是对作品内容、艺术特色等进行揭示的过程。评价，则是作者通过分析得到的结论，

20、即对作品或作家艺术创作的总的看法，也就是文学评论的中心论点。“叙”与“议”的关系，实质上是论据同论点，材料同观点的关系，“叙”是为“议”服务的；“析”与“评”的关系，实际上是论证同论点的关系，“析”是为“评”服务的。同时，在文学评论中，叙、议、评这几个方面应该是统一并且要有机地结合在一起。黄金表达1.is a novel by .writer .2The book called . is written by . 3The book written by . is about .4The book published by . is a bestseller.5The book tells u

21、s a story of .6The novel is told in the form of .7From the story, we can learn .8It is generally considered as .9It is sometimes classified as .10.written by .is one of the most popular and highly regarded .in .写作规范题目要求鲁滨逊漂流记是英国小说家丹尼尔笛福(Daniel Defoe)写的一部著名小说。请根据下列要点写一篇100词左右的书评：1该书出版于1719年，它是一本最流行的历

22、险小说；2简述小说故事的主要情节；3该书部分是根据18世纪苏格兰水手Alexander Selkirk的事迹写的；4小说描写细致实际，引人入胜。参考词汇：自给自足的selfsufficient食人肉的野人cannibal失事的，遭海难的shipwrecked三步作文法第一步：搜索词汇1出版 publish2冒险小说 adventure_novel3文学 literature4遇到 meet_with5以为基础 be_based_on6荒废的 deserted7细节 detail8信念 belief第二步：由词造句1这是一部英国作家丹尼尔笛福的小说，出版于1719年。This is a nove

23、l by the English author Daniel Defoe, published in 1719.(介词)This is a novel written_by the English author Daniel Defoe, published in 1719.(过去分词短语)This is a novel that_is_written_by the English author Daniel Defoe, published in 1719.(定语从句)223年后他遇到了一群食人肉的野人，救出了他们的囚犯中的一个人，一个年轻的当地人，他叫他Friday。After 23 ye

24、ars he meets_with a group of cannibals and rescues one of their prisoners, a_young_native_whom he calls Friday.第三步：连句成篇A Review of Robinson CrusoeThis is a novel by the English author Daniel Defoe, published in 1719. It is one of the most popular adventure novels in all literature. It is the story o

25、f Robinson Crusoe, an Englishman who is shipwrecked in a lonely tropical island. He builds himself a hut, grows his own food, and becomes selfsufficient. After 23 years he meets with a group of cannibals and rescues one of their prisoners, a young native whom he calls Friday. Crusoe and his “man” Fr

26、iday become close friends, and when they are finally rescued four years later, both return to England.Robinson Crusoe was partly based on the actual deeds of Alexander Selkirk, an 18thcentury Scottish sailor who spent almost five years alone on a deserted island. This novel is famous for its lovely

27、details and its expression of belief in mans ability when left alone in nature.选择适当的词或词组填空1Hardly can Mr Black believe what has happened to his daughter.2To tell you the truth, I seldom go to the gym to work out.3Not having known the teachers real meaning, I decided to go and ask him in person.4What

28、 do you think of my work?Im afraid its far_from satisfactory.5Mothers are doing what they can to make sure that their children are free_from any kind of harm.6The young lady said she would_rather remain single than marry such a selfish man.7It was not_until they settled in the quiet countryside that

29、 Joe felt happy and content.8The company wont take on these graduates unless they get through the final test.9The parents didnt tolerate their kids rudeness at the party, nor did they allow themselves to be disobeyed.10I thought there would be many students in the hall, but when I got in, I found no

30、ne.11I am new in the school and I know nobody here.The kids are very kind and I think you will make friends with them soon.12John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday?Neither.Ill be off to London then.13Not all the girls left early.14Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didnt answer any of them.15I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with everything.完成句子1一个人的朋友越多越好。A man cannot have_too_many_friends.2这部电影很有趣，我从没有看到过更好的。This film is very interesting. I have never_seen_a_better_one.3