考研硕士研究生在职研究生英语真题.docx

1、考研硕士研究生在职研究生英语真题2010年在职研究生英语真题Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered bland and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)In 1924 American National Research Council sent to engineer to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone p

2、arts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting 1 workers productivity. Indeed, the studies ended 2 giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect” the extremely influential idea the very 3 to being experimented upon changed subjects behavior.The i

3、dea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the plant. According to 5 of the experiments their hourly out put rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 6 what was done in the experiment; 7 something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 8 that they were being e

4、xperimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers behavior 10 itself.After several decades, the same data were 11 to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store 12 the descriptions on record, no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes

5、 in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 14 interpretation of what happened 15 , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of da

6、ys 18 , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 20 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged” Hawthorne effect” is hard to

7、pin down.1.Aaffected Bachieved Cextracted Drestored2.Aat Bup Cwith Doff3.Atruth Bsight Cact Dproof4.Acontroversial Bperplexing Cmischieous Dambiguous5.A requirements Bexplanations Caccounts Dassessment6.Aconclude Bmatter Cindicate Dwork7.Aas far as Bfor fear that Cin case that Dso long as8.Aawarenes

8、s Bexpectation Csentiment Dillusion9.Asuitable Bexcessive Cenough Dabundant10.Aabout Bfor Con Dby11.Acompared Bshown Csubjected Dconveyed12.Acontrary to Bconsistent with Cparallel with Dpealiar to13.Aevidence Bguidance Cimplication Dsource14.Adisputable Benlightening Creliable Dmisleading15.AIn cont

9、rast BFor example CIn consequence DAs usual16.Aduty Baccidentally Cunpredictably Dsuddenly17.Afailed Bceased Cstarte D continued18.A B C D19.A B C D20.Abreaking Bclimbing Csurpassing DhitingSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Reading the following four texts, answer the questions below eac

10、h text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points)Text 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods. A received one for its “one-click” online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation

11、strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lying a box.Now the nations top patent court appears completely-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In the Bilski, as the cas

12、e is known, is a “very big deal”, says DennisD Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents wit

13、h is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transa

14、ctions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the

15、 legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal

16、 circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the courts judges, rather than a typical panel of three and that one issue it wants to evaluate is weather it should “reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuits action comes in the wake of a series

17、of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti_patent trend at

18、 the supreme court”, says Harole C.wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because ofA their limited value to businessB their connection with asset allocationC the possible restriction on their gran

19、tingD the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?A Its rulling complies with the court decisionsB It involves a very big business transactionC It has been dismissed by the Federal CircuitD It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word “about-f

20、ace” (Line 1,Para 3) most probably meansA loss of good willB increase of hostilityC change of attitudeD enhancement of disnity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patentsA are immune to legal challengesB are of ten unnecessarily issuedC lower the esteem for patent holdersD

21、increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?A A looming threat to business-method patentsB Protection for business-method patent holdersC A legal case regarding business-method patentsD A prevailing tread against business-method patentsText 3In his book

22、 The Tipping Point, Malcolm aladuell alques that social epidemics are dliven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or we connect. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesnt explain how ideas ac

23、tually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plansible sounding but largely untested theory called the “tow-step flow of communication”. Information allows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it s

24、uggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of people was wearing, promoting or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal e

25、vidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they dont seem to be required

26、 of all.The researchers argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence-even the most influential members of a population simply dont intera

27、ct with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebring influentials who according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influcenciny their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic tooccur, however, each person so affected, must then influenc

28、e his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the case

29、cade of change wont propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating to peoples ability to influence others and their tendencies to be.31. By citing the

30、book The Tipping Point, the author intends toA analyze the consequences of social epidemicsB discuss influentials function in spreading ideasC exemplify peoples intuitive response to social epidemicsD describe the essential characteristics of influentials32. The author suggests that the “two-step-fl

31、ow theory”A serves as a solution to marketing problemsB has helped explain certain prevalent trendsC has won support from influentialsD requires solid evidence for its validity33. What the researchers have observed recently shows thatA the power of influence goes with social interactionsB interpersonal links can be enhanced through the mediaC influentials have more channels to reach the publicD most celebrities enjoy wide media attention 34. The underlined phrase “these people” in paragraph 4 refers to the ones whoA stay outside the network of socia