工程管理毕业外文翻译.docx

1、工程管理毕业外文翻译外文文献：Building engineering biddingYang Cao a,*, Shuhua Wang b, Heng Li aaDepartment of Building and Real Estate, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, ChinabState Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, ChinaAbstractNowadays in the engineering

2、 construction industry, the market which is characteristic for project bidding, has formed. The construction companies,which want to create good benefits, have to control their cost and improve management to enhance the capacity of adapting and competing in this market. This article focuses on how t

3、o decrease cost and increase income so as to control the construction cost effectively. bidding documents should be well formulated ,which is the improtment to a successful bidding and direct influence the success or failure of the bidding work.Becasue the success or failure of the bidding for the s

4、urvival and development of enterprise has a direct impact, so we have a high quality, improve the bid documents of the unit, prevent invalid and successful pass mark appear, become a research topic.key : bidding drawbacks of unfair competition countermeasures Bidding is a form of project transaction

5、s, project bidding process is to determine the successful bidder and the cost of the process and the price of the project, project bidding work of a very important link, do a good job bidding to determine the price, we can effectively control construction costs, and create a fair and equitable marke

6、t environment, create orderly competition mechanism. Bidding in construction activities, construction enterprises in order to tender invincible works to be successful, And from the contracted projects profitable, it needs to integrate various subjective and objective conditions, the tender research

7、strategy determine tender. Tender bidding strategy, including pricing strategies and skills. All of the strategies and skills from the numerous contractors bidding on the accumulated experience and objective understanding of the law and of the actual situation understanding, but also with the contra

8、ctors decision-making ability and courage are closely related. Bidd ing documents is the general programme and play book of the bidding activity through the process of bidding. The bidding documents will specify that How to conduct each bidding work, how to dispatch bidding documents, the requiremen

9、ts for tenderer,how to rate and decide bidding and the procedures of bidding. Therefore, the personnel who is responsible for prepare bidding documents should first have a general view of the bidding work, include all the requirements and arrangements into the bidding documents. If meet problems tha

10、t have not been considered previously, then resolve them one by one during the preparation. The course of bidding documents preparation is also the course of making bidding scheme . In another respect, bidding documents is also the legal instuments. Besides relevant law and rules, the bidding docume

11、nts are the common game rules that bidder,bidding agent and tenderer should subject to through the bidding. Bidding documents are the legal instuments that all the three bidding related parties should subject to, have legal force, therefore, the bidding documents -making personnel required to have t

12、he awareness and quality of leagal in order to reflect the fair, just and legal requirement in the bidding documents. In building engineering bidding law enforcement and the practice of project construction supervision system on standardizing Chinas construction market, improve the construction qual

13、ity and played an active role. But in the process of implementing exist some disadvantages, needs to perfect, enrich and improve. This project bidding documents in accordance with the bidding law of the Peoples Republic of China for bidders, bidding regulation, enterprise strictly, put forward to bi

14、dders professional requirements of project profile was illustrated. Nowadays in the engineering construction industry, the market which is characteristic for project bidding, has formed. The construction companies,which want to create good benefits, have to control their cost and improve management

15、to enhance the capacity of adapting and competing in this market. This article focuses on how to decrease cost and increase income so as to control the construction cost effectively. In building engineering bidding law enforcement and the practice of project construction supervision system on standa

16、rdizing Chinas construction market, improve the construction quality and played an active role. But in the process of implementing exist some disadvantages, needs to perfect, enrich and improve. This project bidding documents in accordance with the bidding law of the Peoples Republic of China for bi

17、dders, bidding regulation, enterprise strictly, put forward to bidders professional requirements of project profile was illustrated. The practice of project bidding purpose is to market competition of openness, fairness and justice. However, due to the construction market development is not standard

18、, management system and the experience of inadequate, architectural engineering bidding in concrete operation exist in ACTS of unfair competition, and some drawbacks. This obviously violate the bidding, the bidding process, and will lose its significance for other bidder fails to bid is unjust, dist

19、urbed the bidding (project contracting market economic order, for activities), this kind of behavior must be prohibited, only in this way can we make construction engineering competitive trading activity lawfully healthy. This subject will I learned and social practice, present situation and constru

20、ction project bidding system is expounded, and the disadvantages of bidding for construction project with ACTS of unfair competition phenomenon and analysis of causes, and finally make corresponding preventive countermeasures. Construction cost management system, both theoretical discussion, but als

21、o need to practice innovation. Under the conditions of market economy, project cost management, competitive and orderly market for construction management services platform structures. In such a premise, the original scale and method of valuation is inappropriate, and this needs to be reformed and i

22、mproved. The spirit of the governments macro regulation and control, enterprise autonomy offer, the market will price principle, to implement the implementation specification bill of quantity. Inventory Valuation bidding activities are based on market economy mechanism, based on legal, scientific, f

23、air, open and reasonable way to determine the winning bidder of an economic activity. Bidding is bidding activities constitute two basic aspects. The bidding activity is merely that by bidding to choose the one with the work Construction process capability, moderate cost, quality is excellent, short

24、 duration of construction enterprises, and this is the ultimate goal tender. I have participated in internships over the course of the project bidding, and completed over part of the calculation of quantities, combined with graduate experience in the design process, a brief analysis of the mode Quan

25、tities Call for Tender The meaning of risk and risk characteristics of the general construction, the lowest price sealed bidding construction method produces several risks and incentives, according to their characteristics discussed the feasibility of risk control and prevention. Comparison of engin

26、eering and engineering security risk management, insurance, similarities and differences between the two projects and benefits; construction project bidding and tendering process characteristics of human behavior is analyzed to reveal the bidders risk appetite and behavioral characteristics with cha

27、nges in the external environment change, when the default punishment is light, the bidder preference appetite for risk and default penalties, with the increase exceeds a certain value, the risk of bidders to show preference for behavior change to avoid the risk of penalties, the greater the bidder b

28、iased in favor of a more risk-averse behavior, the results of the control and prevention of risk behavior of bidders has an important and practical significance Construction Cost Management from the quantity-one price plan model to price of separation volume model of the market, and gradually establ

29、ish a market price-based price formation mechanism, the price of the decision in the hands of the parties involved in the market, and ultimately the allocation of resources through the market in order to realize through the market mechanism to decide on project cost. This will standardize the constr

30、uction market-competitive behavior and the promotion of project bidding mechanisms play an important role in innovation. It can be said that the implementation of the project bill of quantities is a project cost management system in our country a big step forward, but also in Chinas accession to the

31、 WTO, the global construction industry a powerful tool for peer competition. With the construction of in-depth development of the market, the traditional fixed pricing model no longer suited to market-oriented economic development needs. In order to adapt to the current project bidding by the market

32、 needs of a project cost, we must work on the existing valuation methods and pricing model for reform, the implementation of projects bill pricing. Engineering is a list of pricing model and adapt to the market economy, allowing independent contractor pricing through market competition determine pri

33、ces, with the international practice of pricing model. With the bill pricing model projects to promote, in accordance with international bidding practices is imperative. Therefore, the lowest reasonable price of the successful bidder My future is the most important evaluation methods. At this stage due to the implementation of projects bi