初一英语下册各单元知识点总结.docx

1、初一英语下册各单元知识点总结人教版初一英语下册各单元知识点总结Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?一、 单词与词组Join:表示“参加，加入”，此处指参加社团或组织，成为其中的成员。Join the army参军 join the NBA 加入美国篮球协会Join the art/sports/music/English/chess club参加体育 /音乐 /英语 /象棋俱乐部X Pay |乐器类 +the| f play the guitar /the violin/the drums/the piano、非乐器类 + the ； play soccer/ bas

2、ketball/volleyball/football/tennis/badminton(英式足球/篮球/排球/英式足球，美式橄榄球/网球/羽毛球)Be good at+ sth./doi ng sth.擅长做某事Be good with 与相处得好Be good to 对友好=be frie ndly toBe good for 对有好处Like to do sth.特指某一次的动作；like doing sth.强调经常性的爱好。两者都表示喜 欢做某事，在仅仅表达“喜欢”时两者可以通用。Tell: Tell stories 讲故事 tell sb. sth. /to do sth. /no

3、t to do sth.告诉某人某事 /不要做某 事LHelp： Help sb. to do sth. /help sb. with sth./ help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事Help yourself/sb. (to sth.肥某物(尤其是指食物 你料等)拿给自己/某人 cant help doi ng sth情不自禁做某事Call at 用于打某人的电话 e.g. Call Mr.Brown at 293-7742Home：1.表示动态概念。意思是“回家”，“到家”。前面不加介词。这里的home是 副词，表示目的地。e.g. 1)When do you go home e

4、very day?你每天什么时候回家？ 2)He drives homeafter work.他下班的开车回家。 3)She ofte n does some shopp ing on his way home.她经常在回家途中买些东西。2.at home表示静态概念。意思是“在家”。这里的 home是名词，表示具体地点。e.g. 1) Is she at home?她在家吗？ 2)He left his book at home.他把书放在家里了。 Go home 回家 get home 至嫁 at home 在家广Also也，而且；较正式，用于肯定句，紧跟动词。Y e.g. I can s

5、peak English and I can also speak Chines我能说英文也能说中文。Too多用于口语，放在句末。 E.g. Me too.jEither多用于否定句，放在句末。 E.g. He hasntfinished, either.他也没有完成。Show sb. sth. /show sth. To sb.展示给某人看Unit 2 What time do you go to school?时间连词：when=while当时 then然后 after that在那之后at+ 时间点 /sb. do sth. at about +寸间点for breakfast/l un

6、 ch/d inn er 睡觉 go to bed二go to sleep睡觉 take a tap 午休，小睡一会儿 反: get up 起床 Time |表时间，不可数；表次数，可数。Some times 几次 sometimes 有时 some time 一段时间 sometime 某个时候 系动词It tastes/smells/looks/sounds/feel尝起来/闻起来/看起来/听起来/摸起来（含被 动意味，但不能用被动语态）tastes/smells/looks/sounds/feels+like尝起来/闻起来/看起来/听起来/摸起来像 eitheror 二选一 neithe

7、rnor 两者都不连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致， 即就近原则。e.g. Either you or I am going there tomorrow.明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。Neither dad nor mumjs at home today.今天父母都不在家。Here引导的倒装句表位置的副词放在句首时， 如主语是代词，不倒装；表位置的副词放在句首时， 如主语是名词，要用全部倒装。e.g. Here it is! Here he comes.（代词不倒装）Here is your ticket. Here comes the bus.（名词倒装）

8、关于时间的问法（1）以when提问，什么时候”可以是较长的时间段，也可以是较短的时间点1When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候？2My birthday is Dec. 29th.我的生日是 12 月 29 日。这里就是指一天的时间段1When do you go home? 你几点回家？2I go home at 4:30 p.m.我下午 4: 30 回家.这里when问的是具体的时间。具体几点我们通常用 what time提问What time is it now?现在几点了？ or Whaf s the time?几点了？It s 9:26现在九点二十六 Wha

9、t time is it by your watch? 你手表几点了？3What time do you get up? 你几点起床?Unit 3 How do you get to school?many students |是单指学生数量多：侧重数量many of the stude nts是指学生中很多一部分，强调部分 too太二1.too much意为“太多”，+不可数名词/+动词。e.ghad too much housework to do yesterday . 昨天我有太多的家务活要干。She talks too much . 她说话太多。much too意思是“过分：太”：隐

10、含了过分而不恰当之意: much too+形容词或副词，不+动词。这道题太难了e.g.The question is much too difficult.You re walking much too fast . 你走得太快了。2.too to太而不能 .e.g. You are never too young to study.同： sothat太 以至于 e.g.The river runs too quickly for boats.二The river suns too quickly to row a boat.=The river runs so quickly that pe

11、ople can row a boat to across the river.Unit 4 Don t eat in class.、词组school rules学校规章制度 break the rules违反规章制度 make the rules制定规章. in the hallways 在过道 in the music room 在音乐教室里 in the dining hall 在餐厅 be in bed 在床上 be late for迟至Ulisten to music 听音乐 wash my clothes 洗衣服 make dinner 做饭 have to do不得不做 too

12、many+名词复数；too much +不可数名词“太多”by ten o clock 十点之前 on school nights 上学的晚上 on weekends在周末go to the childre n s palace 去少年宫after school 放学后 sports shoes 运动鞋 gym class 体育课二、句型(1)Don t arrive late for class.(2)We can t listen to music in the hallways, but we can listen to it outside.(3)-What else do you h

13、ave to do?-We have to clea n the classroom.(4)-Ca n we wear hats in school?-Yes, we can/ No, we can t.(5)-Do you have to wear a uniform at school?-Yes, we do /No, we don t.(6)What are the rules at your school?(7)重难点精析：祈使句通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。它的主语 you(听话人)通常省略。其构成通常有以下几种形式。1)Be型(即系动词原型be+表语+其他)。如：

14、Be quiet,please.否定句Don t + be+表语+其他。如：Don t be an gry.2)Do型(即系动词原形+宾语+其他)。如：Open you books, please.否定句Don t +实义动词原形+宾语+其他。如：Don t eat in the classroom.3） Let型（即Let+宾语+动词原形+其他）如：Let me help you.Let s go at six o clock.否定句一般在宾语后加n ot。如：Let not watch TV.4） No+V-ing型（此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中，意为“禁止做某事“）如：No smo

15、king! 严禁吸烟！ No talking!不许交谈！No passing!禁止通行！ No parking! 不许停车！Must与have to l.must表主观看法，主观上的必要 have to表客观需要e.g. My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟 病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）2.have to有人称、数、时态的变化，

16、而 must只有一种形式。3.在否定结构中：dont have to 表示不必”；must nt表示”禁止”。e.g. You dont have to (needn 没必要)tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。You mustnt (can 不能)tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他 On time |准时，按时。In time及时，迟早e.g. We were just in time for (to catch ) the bus. 我们及时赶上了公车。The train pulled in on time. 车准时至竝占。Unit 5 W

17、hy do you like pan das?、词组wa nt to do sth想要做某事 wa nt sb to do sth想要某人做某事 want sth想要某物Let sb do sth让某人做某事kindkind of有几分 种类 a kind of 一种(all) kinds of各种各样的二various of like to do sth/like doing sth 喜欢做某事 play with 与一起玩duri ng the day 在白天 at ni ght 在夜间二、句型与日常交际用语1、 -why do you like pan das?/ -Why dose h

18、e like koalas?-Because they kind of interesting.2、 Why do you want to see the lio ns? Because theye 3、 -Where are lions from?-Lions are from South Africa.4、 -What （other） animals do you like?-I like elepha nts.5.This is a symbol of good luck. 的象征6.Have a good memory like an elepha nt.形容记忆力好7 .- How

19、old are you?二What your age?-Im ten years old./lm ten.8.-Do you like giraffes? -Yes, I do. / No, I don tmake of 与 make from “由 组成”make of看得出原材料，物理变化；make from看不出原材料，化学变化。e.g. We must save trees and not by things made of ivory（牙）.The paper is _made of wood.The other, others, another, othe的区l.other可作形容

20、词或代词，做形容词时，意思是“别的，其他”，泛指“其他的（人 或物）”。如：Do you have any other question（s）?你还有其他问题吗？ Ask some otherpeople .问问别人吧！ Put it in your other hand.把它放在你另一只手里。2.the other指两个人或物中的一个时， 只能用the other，不能用an other,此时的other 作代词。女口： He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worke他有两个女儿， 一个是护士，另一个是工人。 the ot

21、her后可加单数名词，也可加复数名词，此时的other 作形容词。如： On the other side of the street there is a tall tree.在街道的另一边，有一棵大树。 Mary is much taller than the other girls.玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。He lives on the other side of the river.他住在河的对岸。3.others是other的复数形式，泛指“另外几个”，“其余的”。在句中可作主语、 宾语。如： Some of us like singing and dancing, others g

22、o in for sports.我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞，其余的从事体育活动。 Give me some others, please请给我别的东西吧！ There are no others.没有别的了。4.the others意思是“其他东西，其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的（人或物）”。是 the other 的复数形式。如： Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home.两个男孩将去动物园，其余的留在家里。 the others=the other复数名词，这在第2条中已经有所介绍。5.another二a

23、n othe，既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛 指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如：I dont like this one. Please show me another我不喜欢这一个，请给我看看另一个。 I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a work我有三 个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。Let do sth , let s=let让我们做 人称代词用宾格 Let之后跟动词原形Let s see

24、 the par我们看熊猫吧。 Let s gc我们走吧！Unit 6 I m watching TV.一、 词组do one homework做家庭作业 watch TV 看电视 eat dinner吃饭；就餐 clea n the room 打扫房间 talk on the phone 电话聊天thanks fo叶n/doing为某事感谢某人 go shopping/swimming去购物/游泳at the pool在游泳池 at school在学校 in the tree在树上 read newspaper/a book 看报纸/看书 write a letter 写信go to the

25、 movies =go to the cin ema=watch a movie 看电影 take photos 拍照wait for等待；等候 TV show 电视节目talk about 谈论 e.g. What are you talking about?some of中的一些 a photo of my family我的家庭照be with和 一起 with sb和某人在一起in the first/last photo在第一张/最后一张照片二、 句型与日常交际用语1.-What+be+主语+doi ng?正在做什么？-主语+ be doing 正在做某事2.-Here are/is

26、例：Here are some of my photos. /Here is a photo of my family.3.-Do you want to go to the movies? -Sure.4.-When do you want to go? Let s go at seven.5.-Where do people play basketball? -At school.6.-What s he waiting for?He waiting for a bus.7.-What s he readingHe s reading a newspaper.8.Can +do（动词原形）

27、可以e.g. You can see my family at home.三、 语法 现在进行时1） 现在在进行时的形式：助动词 be（am,is,are）+动词-ing形式（也叫现在分词），表示 现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。2） 现在进行时的肯定句形式：主语+be（am,is,are）+动词现在分词+其他例：I m watchi ng TV.3） 现在进行时的否定句形式：主语+be（am,is,are）+not+动词现在分词+其他例: They are not playing soccer.4） 现在进行时的一般疑问句形式及回答： ls（am,are）+主语+动词现在分词+其他？

28、 Y es,主语+is/am/are.No,主语 +isn t/aren t/am not.例: Are you reading? Yes,I am. No,I am not.5） 现在进行时的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词 +is/am/are+主语+现在分词+其他？例: What is your brother doing?Unit 7 It s raning!一、 词组play computer games打电子游戏 lie on the beach躺在沙滩上play beach volleyball 打沙滩排球 in this heat 在酷暑中in picture 在图片里 on vac

29、ation 度假 on the beach 在海边 around the world 世界各地 =all over the world be surprised at sth./st对某人或某人感到惊讶 be relaxed 放松 =feel relaxed have a good time 玩得很痛快 in differe nt kind of weather 在不同的天气里 thank sb for(doing)sth由于某事而感谢某人 some-others 一些另一些 a group of people 一群人look at sb doing/do sth看某人正在做某事/做了某事(事

30、情的全过程) everyone后只接人不跟 of,相当于everybody; every one后跟人或物，可跟 of。 e.g. Every one is here.每个人都在这。Every one of the stude nts likes the teacher 每位学生都很喜欢这个老师。二、 句型/日常交际用语(1)-HoW s the weather(地点)？ -It s rainy：. s cold and snowing.(2)-What the weather like?-The weather there is very hot.-How s it goingwith sb

31、.)?某人最近怎样。/How was your trip?-Great. /Not bad./Terrible/Pretty good!(4)Thanks you for joining CCTV shArWodd show!(5)-Is Aunt Wang there? -Yes, she is/No, sheisn t(6)There are many people here on vacati on.(7)See you later./See you soo n.之后见 / 很快见(8)My phone isn working.我的电话坏了。Unit 8 Is there a post office near there?、词组post office由E局 pay phone 投币式公用电话 next to 在.隔壁across from 在.对面 in front of 在前面 betweenand 在.禾口