英语语法精讲.docx

1、英语语法精讲英语语法精讲（上）语法精讲班第1讲讲义概 述一个句子的主要成分：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 词性和句子之前的关系 ：不可替代的关系 ，最为重要 ；巧学词性的方法 ：分类记忆，主次学习，考点学习 ；语法体系中，词性学习三部曲 ：一注意事项，二功能作用，三重点试题讲解 ；名词篇：一 注意事项 ：1. 可数名词和不可数名词 2. 单复数 3. 集合名词 ；二 功能作用 ：1.主语，宾语，表语，同位语 2. 其他功能 （专讲）三 考题部分 ：改错题 + 选择题 （高考题+四六级+考研英语题+托福题）In the United States , presidential elections a

2、re held once every four year .在美国，总统选举每四年一次。The superintendent of women nurse for the Union Army during the Civil War Dorothea Dix .美国内战期间，为联邦军队服务的女护士主管人是多罗西亚，迪克斯。Before the automobiles , the horse-drawn carriage was the primary mean of private transportation .在汽车诞生之前，马车是私人运输的基本手段。In the Middle ages

3、 , taxes were paid with good rather than money . 在中世纪，缴税用的是货物，而不是钱。The diamond is the hardest substance in natures.钻石是自然界最硬的物质。Sunlights cannot reach far beneath the oceans surface .阳光不能照射到海面之下很远的地方。Mathematic and logic depend extensively on the deductive method of reasoning .数学和逻辑学广泛地依靠推理的演绎方法。The

4、integration of independent states could best be brought about by first creating a central organization with authorities over technical economic tasks .一些独立国家实现一体化最好的手段可能是首先建立一个具有管理技术经济工作权威的中心组织。Because of its vast tracts of virtually uninhabited northern forest , Canada has one of the lowest populat

5、ion density in the world .加拿大是世界上人口密度最低的地区之一，因为其广阔的北方森林地区实际上无人居住。Johns chance of being elected chairman of the committee is far greater than Dick .约翰当选为委员会主席的可能性比迪克大得多。As far as I am concerned , his politics are rather conservative compared with other politicians .依我看，他的政治观点与其他政治家相比相当保守的。That is a n

6、ice watch . It is the same _ . A. as John B. like John C. as Johns D. like Johns ；Saying only that she was a friend of Mary , she left without giving her name .她没有留名字就离开了，只说她是玛丽的一个朋友。Can I get anything while I am downtown ? Yes ,I need some _ .A. shoe lace B. shoes lace C. shoe laces D. shoes laces

7、Some bloods types are quite common , others are regionally distributed , and others are rare everywhere .有些血型很常见，其他有些血型的分布具有地区性，还有一些血型在任何地方都是罕见的。Idaho ranks first among the states in potatoes production . 爱达荷州的马铃薯产量名列各州之首。Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the _ movie could not hol

8、d our attention .A. three-hours B. three-hour C. three-hours D. three-hours What did the professor tell you to do ? I had to write a _ report . A .two-thousand-word B. two-thousand-words C. two-thousands word D.two-thousand word Peanuts grow in long , bright green rows on 18-inches-high bushes .花生一簇

9、簇地排成长长的行生长，绿油油的，有18英寸高。What is in your hand ? Its a _ bill . A. two-thousand-dollar B. two-thousand dollars C. two thousand dollar D. two-thousand-dollars Jim was late for 2 classes this morning . He said that he forgot both of the _ .A. room number B. room number C. rooms numbers D. room numbers Wh

10、ere are you going to do your shopping ? I am going to the _A shoes store B shoe store C shoes stores D. shoes store Are those men in the blue uniforms policemen ? Oh , no ; theyre _A bus drivers B buses drivers C. bus driver D buses driver Young readers , more often than not , find the novels of Dic

11、kens far more exciting than Thackeray . 实用英语 语法精讲班第2讲讲义001 代词篇代词篇：避免重复的体现一 注意事项：通常情况下，一个句子中不能出现2个同样的名词，把其中的一个名词用代词来替代；代替名词的词，甚至在文章中的代替可以替代一句话或以段文字 ；二 功能作用：分类学习代词1.物主代词 ：形容词性物主代词 + 名称 ；名词性物主代词单独使用2. one , any/some , many/much/most , + of the Ns ；few/a few , little/ a little , fewer/less , this /that

12、, these /those ；3.两者 either /both /neither of ；否定 no one , nobody , none ；4. other , the other /another , others , the others 5. it 三 考题部分：改错题 + 选择题 （高考题+四六级+考研英语题+托福题）While studying the chemistry of human body , Dr. Rosalyn Yalow won a Nobel Prize for the research she conducted on the role of hormo

13、nes . 罗莎琳，雅罗博士在研究人体化学组成的过程中，因为荷尔蒙的作用所进行的研究而获得了一项诺贝尔奖。The computer has brought about surprising technological changes _ we organize and produce information . A. in a way B. in the way C. in that way D. in no way 在组织和提供信息的方式方面，计算机带来了惊人的技术变革。The Earth travels at a high rate of speed around Sun .地球以很高的速

14、率绕太阳旋转。The Straits of Mackinac is a crucial link in the water route that leads from Lake Michigan to Atlantic Ocean .麦基诺水道是由密歇根湖通向大西洋的水上通道中最至关紧要的一环。Halifax is largest city and chief port of Nova Scotia and is the eastern terminus of Canadas two great railway systems .哈利法克斯是新思科舍省的最大城市和主要港口，也是加拿大两大铁路系

15、统的东部终点站。The constitution of 1897 , under which Delaware is now governed , is fourth constitution in the history of the state .现在用来治理特拉华州的1897年宪法是该州历史上第四部宪法。Both as a hobby and as a profession , photography has fascinated people for more than hundred years .摄影既是一种爱好，又是一种职业，一百多年来一直使人们着迷。All the blood

16、in the body passes through the heart at least twice the minute .人体中的全部血液每分钟至少流经心脏两次。Magazines provide the wide variety of information and entertainment .杂志可提供各种各样的信息和娱乐。Most countries depend to few extent on cereal imports to augment their own crops .大多数国家都在某种程度上依靠谷物进口来补充自己的作物。Do you have _ milk ? A

17、 any B any of C some of D some Historians have never reached some general agreement about the precise causes of the Civil War in the United States .关于美国内战的确切起因，历史学家们从来没有取得过普遍一致的意见。_ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question .A Each B Any C Either D One The medicine is

18、on sale everywhere . You can get it at _ chemistsThere were so much people trying to leave the burning building that the police had a great deal of trouble controlling them .许多人都试图离开那栋着火的大楼，警察在控制他们时遇到了很大的麻烦。Since the 1950s , folk music has had a significant influence on many popular vocal and instru

19、mental music .自从20世纪50年代以来，民间音乐对许多流行的乐器和声乐一直具有重要的作用。It is reported that _ adopted children want to know who their natural parents are .据报道，大多数被收养的儿童都想知道自己的亲生父母是谁。A the most B most of C most D the most of Generally speaking , tax returns must be filed annually , but in few cases they must be submitte

20、d every six months .一般来说，纳税申报单必须每年提交一次，但是在一些情况下，必须每六个月提交一次。What do you usually do after dinner ? I usually listen to _ music .A little B few C a few D a little Because there are less members present tonight than there were last night , we must wait until the next meeting to vote .由于今晚出席的成员比昨天晚上少，我们必

21、须等到下次会议在投票。_ ballet dancers learn five basic positions for the arms and feet . A All of B Of every C All D Every Since Alaska attained statehood in 1959 _ single party has dominated politics there. 自从阿拉斯加于1959年获得了州的地位以来，任何单一的政党都没有对那里的政治起过决定性的影响。A none B no C not D never _ of the two books holds the

22、opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing .这两本书都不认为核战争的危险正在增加。A None B Either C Both D. Neither Although some critics viewed Ernest Hemingway as an overrated writer , other thought him a truly gifted novelist .尽管有些评论家海明威看作是一位被高估了的作家，但是其他评论家仍然认为他是个天才。How many books does he have ? He posses

23、ses _ books .A plenty of B very much C a great deal of D an amount of The number of errors were made by both teams .两个队犯了一些错误。A number of errors made by him was surprising .他犯错误的数目惊人。A number of those who study engineering is increasing steadily .学习工程的人的数量正在稳定增加。The amount of endangered species incr

24、eases every year as natural habitats disappear .随着天然栖息地的消失，濒危物种的数量每年都在增加。It is a pity that we should stay at home when we have _ weather .A so fine B such a fine C such fine D. so fine a Science fiction is any fiction dealing with the future or with so imaginative subjects as interstellar travel , l

25、ife on the planets , or time travel .凡是描写关于未来，或者关于星际旅行，行星上的生活或时间旅行之类的虚构题材小说，都是科幻小说。By 1990 , production in the area is expected to double _ of 1980 .A that B it C one D what These televisions are quite popular in Europe , but those ones are not . 这些电视机在欧洲很受欢迎，哪些则不行。A good writer is _ who can express

26、 the common place in an uncommon way . A that B he C one D this 002 形容词篇形容词篇注意事项 ：等于定语，表.的 ；功能作用 ：修饰名称 ；其它功能；A beautiful girl , a large panda ；a word-famous magazine , a three-hour movie ；a village pub , a school building , a government department , a language school ；形容词作状语 ：和句子主语有关I left home hung

27、ry . Very excited , Jane attended the party . His parents saw him at the station surprised .Tired , I went home . My friend arrived at school thirsty .实用英语语法精讲班第3讲讲义一般过去时一般过去时：Last week,I went to the theatre.I had a good seat.The play was very interesting.I didnt enjoy it.A young man and a young wom

28、an were sitting behind me.They were talking loudly.I got very angry.I could not hear the actors.I turned round.I looked at the man and the woman angrily.They didnot pay any attention.In the end,I couldnot bear it.I turned round again.I cant hear a word.I said angrily.Its none of your business.The yo

29、ung man said rudely.Its a private conversation!上个礼拜 last week ；昨天 yesterday ；上个月 last month ；去年 last year ；昨天早上 yesterday moring ；昨天下午 yesterday afternoon ；I went to the theater /cinema /pictures / movies / films ；Postcards always spoil my holidays.Last summer,I went to Italy.I visited the museums a

30、nd sat in public gardens.A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.Then he lent me a book.I read a few lines.I did not understand a word.Everyday I thought about postcards.On the last day,I made a big decision.I got up early and bought thiry-seven cards.I spent the whole day in my room,but

31、I did not write a single card!Last summer /winter ；去年暑假 Last summer holiday ；总结一般过去时 ：强调动作发生在过去 ；助动词 did ；时间标志 ： last + 时间 / just now / the other day / then / at that time / 时间 ago / yesterday / this morning ；练习：My friend ,_ (die) last year . He _(leave) me his CD player and his collection of CDs . Roy _(spend ) a lot of money on CDs . He _( buy ) one or two new CDs every week . He never _(go) to the cinema or to the theatre . He _ (stay ) at home every evening and _( listen ) to music . He often _ ( lend ) CDs to his frineds . Sometimes