最新高中英语高考语法专题复习讲义动词时态语态带高考真题带答案.docx

1、最新高中英语高考语法专题复习讲义动词时态语态带高考真题带答案动词时态、语态 一、时态 （一）一般过去时与过去进行时的区别： 1.过去进行时表示动作的未完成性、持续性，着眼于动作的过程；一般过去时表示动作的完成，即动作发生过，且已结束，着眼于结果；如： She was writing a report last night and I dont know if she has finished it.(昨晚一直在写) She wrote a report last night.（表示昨晚写了，并且写好了） 2.过去进行时与always, forever等词连用表示一定的感情色彩； He was

2、always throwing things about. (表示不满或讨厌) （二）现在进行时用法注意点： 1.状态性动词不用进行时态，包括 （1）be和have,或者含有be 和have意义的动词，如：belong to, contain, depend on,等； （2）feel, sound, smell, taste等连系动词； （3）hear, see, find等表示结果的动词； （4）表示心理或情感状态的动词，如：believe, love, want, understand, wish等； 2.进行时态和副词always, forever等连用时，往往带有一定的感情色彩，如赞

3、扬、批评、不满、抱怨等；eg.He is always criticizing us. （三）将来进行时与将来完成时： 1.将来进行时表示将来某一时刻发生的动作，结构为：will / shall be doing 2.将来完成时表示到将来某时刻某动作已发生，结构为：will / shall have done,时间状语为：by+表将来时间的词语； 如：Ill be climbing the mountain this time the day after tomorrow. By the time he graduates from the college, he will have lear

4、ned three foreign languages. （四）将来时的几种表达： A B C D be going to 表示“计划、打算、安排将要做的事”时，主语只能是人 说话人说话之前已考虑过的 主语是物时，表示说话人根据某种迹象主观推测可能发生的事 不能用于含有条件句的主句中 will 表示将要发生某事或主语的“意愿” 说话人说话时刻才考虑到的 表示客观规律必然发生的 可用于含有条件句的主句或从句中表示“意愿” be to 表示安排、计划要做的事 与第二人称连用，表示转述第三者的话 表示命令，相当于should / must 表示“能”“该”“想要”“注定、不可避免” be about

5、 to 表示动作马上发生；句中不能再加at once, immediately和表示具体时间的词语；常有“be about to.when”结构； 还可用一般现在时、现在进行时表示将来发生的动作； （五）现在/过去完成进行时的用法：强调动作延续到说话时且还在进行；结构：have (has) / had been doing 比较：They have repaired the road.(表示路已修好) They have been repairing the road. （表示路还在修） 有时两者可替换：She has taught in this middle school for ten

6、years. She has been teaching in this school for ten years. 注意：完成进行时不可与瞬间性动词连用，如：finish, go, marry等； （六） 现在完成时及过去完成时的用法注意点： 1.瞬间性动词与延续性动词的正确使用：与how long, for, since等表示一段时间的状语连用时须用延续性动词，如： die-be dead, marry-be married, begin-be on, begin to know-know等； 2.注意have been to与have gone to的区别； 4.by+过去时间状语用过去

7、完成时； 5.有些动词的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望，这类动词为：think, plan, mean, intend, hope, expect, suppose等； I had intended to visit you yesterday, but the rain prevented me. （七） 某些固定句型中时态是固定的： 1. Its / has been +一段时间+since从句（用过去时）2. This / That / It is the first time +从句（用现在完成时） 3. Its time+从句（用过去时或should do）4. It

8、will be +一段时间+before从句（用一般现在时）/ It was +一段时间+before从句（用过去时） 5.would rather+从句（用一般过去时/过去完成时） Its getting late. Id rather you took a taxi there. The film was boring. Id rather I hadnt gone to see it. 二、语态 语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak E

9、nglish.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。例如：He opened the door.他开了门 被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

10、巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。被动语态的构成 一般现在时：amisaretaught 一般过去时：wasweretaught 一般将来时：willshall betaught 现在进行时：amisare beingtaught 过去进行时：havehas beentaught 现在完成时：havehas beentaught 特殊用法： 1. 表示状态特征的连系动词如smell, taste, feel, sound, look, prove等用主动语态表示被动意义； e.g. T

11、he lady looks beautiful. 2. 动词sell, write, read, open, lock, shut, wear, wash, keep, cook, cut, burn, run等与well, smoothly, easily等连用时，说明主语内在的“性能”“特点”，用主动代替被动； e.g. These books sell well. 3. 当want, require, need作“需要”解，后接doing/ to be done作宾语，此时动词do与主语为动宾关系； e.g. This radio needs repairing. 4. 不及物动词及一些

12、固定短语不能用被动语态：come up, run out（用完）, give out（耗尽）, go out（熄灭）, come out（出版）, come to light, belong to, break out, lose heart, die out, own, have, possess, happen, take place, occur等； 5. 不定式to blame（该受责备）表示被动意义； e.g. The air conditioners and cars are to blame for the overweight problem 6. be worth后接doin

13、g作宾语，用主动形式表示被动意义； e.g. The story is well worth reading. 7.在“主语+谓语+宾语（名词）+动词不定式to do（作定语修饰前面的名词，且为动宾关系；主语与to do为主谓关系时，此动词不定式用主动形式；如： I have a meeting to attend. 【各个击破】 高考题 3. The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _newly published in America. ( 四川) A. are; wereB. is;

14、were C. are; was D. is; was 4. You speak very good French! Thanks. I _ French in Sichuan University for four years. ( 四川) A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studied 1. My parents _ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. A. live B. lived C. were living D. will

15、live （天津 ） 2.Why dont we choose that road to save time? ( 四川) The bridge to it A. has repairedB. is repaired C. is being repairedD. will be repaired 7. The food here is nice enough. （湖南） My friend _ me a right place. A. introduces B. introduced C. had introduced D. was introducing 8DrSmith, together

16、 with his wife and daughters, _visit Beijing this summer.（陕西） Ais gong to Bare going to Cwas going to Dwere going to 5When he the door, he found his keys were nowhere. （湖南） ks5u A. would open B. opened C. had opened D. was to open 6Would you please keep silent? The weather report and I want to liste

17、n. （湖南） A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast 11. His sister left home in 1998, and since. （全国I ） A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard of C. had not heard of D. has not heard of 9This is the first time we_ a film in the cinema together as a famil

18、y. （陕 Asee Bhad seen Csaw Dhave seen 10. Progress _so far very good and we sure that the work will be finished on time.（全国） A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be 13. Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair _ all day. Could you speak to her now? （辽宁） A. phones B. has phoned C. has been pho

19、ning D. phoned 12. Edward, you play so well. But I you played the piano. （全国I ） A. didnt know B. hadnt known C. dont know D. havent known 16. - Ann is in hospital.（江苏） - Oh, really? I _ know. I _ go and visit her. A. didnt; am going to B. dont; would C. dont; will D. didnt; will 17.- Hi, Terry, can

20、I use your computer for a while this afternoon? - Sorry. .（江苏） A. It s repaired B. It has been repaired C. Its being repaired D. It had been repaired 18. -Why does the Lake smell terrible? Ks5u（ （福建） -Because large quantities of water . Ks5u A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted

21、 D. have been polluted 14. My parents have promised to come to see me before I for Africa. （辽宁） A. have left B leave C left D will leave 15. The population of Jiangsu _ to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million.（江苏） A. has grown B. have grown C. grew D. are gro

22、wing 21.Scientists have many theories about how the universe into being. A. came B. was coming C. had come D. would come 22. The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.（北京） A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated 19. According to the literary r

23、eview, Shakespeare his charities live through their language in his plays. Ks5u（福建） A. will make B. had made C. was making D. makes K . At present, one of the apartments in favor of the new airport _ that it will going a lot jobs to the area. A. is B. are C. will be D. were 25.The number of foreign

24、students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 23. When I talked with my grandma on the phone ,she sounded weak, but by the time we _up, her voice had been full of life. （北京） A. were hanging B. had hung C. hung D. would hang 24. John was gi

25、ven the same suitcase his father and grandfather _ with them to school. A. took B. had taken C. were taking D. would take 28. She stared at the painting ,wondering where she _it.（重庆） A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen 29.Ive got to go now. （重庆） Must you ?I _you could stay for dinner with us. A.

26、think B. thought C. have thought D. am thinking 26.I was out of town at the time, so I dont know exactly how it _.A. was happening B. happened C. happens D. has happened 27 What do you think of the movie? （浙江） Its fantastic. The only pity is that I _ the beginning of it. A Missed B. had missed C. mi

27、ss D. would miss 31. Daniels family their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.（安徽） A. are enjoying B. are to enjoy C. will enjoy D. will be enjoying 30. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future _to the well-educated. （重庆） A. belongs B. is belonged C. is belonging D. will be

28、 belonged 、(全国卷II) If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _all day. A. rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining 、(全国卷II 14) If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by percent. A. will increaseB. have been increasing C. have increasedD. would be increasing

29、、(全国卷I 27) Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time ? Yes, since she _ the Chinese Society. A. has joined B. joins C. had joined D. joined 、(全国卷I 29) The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _ to arrive. A. is expectedB. is expectingC. expectsD. will be expected 、(北京卷 27) The hotel wasnt particular