新世纪大学英语综合教程2 Unit 1 Text B单词详解.docx

1、新世纪大学英语综合教程2 Unit 1 Text B单词详解新世纪大学英语综合教程2 Unit 1 Text B单词详解2013.31. prince n. (often cap.) a son or other near male relation of a king or queen C(常用大写) 王子；王孙；亲王；国王或王后的男性近亲；诸侯 - princess n. C公主拓展：C小国的君主 a ruler of a small country S巨头,巨子 a very great, successful, or powerful man of the stated kind Th

2、e magician metamorphosed the frog into a prince.魔术师把青蛙变成了王子。 For all I do know he may be a prince in disguise.从我所知道的一切来看，他可能是一个隐姓埋名的亲王。2. fantastic adj. extremely good; wonderful 非正式 顶呱呱的，非常出色的，了不起的拓展：荒诞的，奇异的，古怪的 wild and strange 极大的；异乎寻常的 very large; extraordinary 极好的，极出色的，了不起的 excellent; marvellou

3、s常见句型：用作形容词(adj.)(1)用作定语: + n.It is a fantastic story.这是一个荒诞的故事。 It is a really fantastic idea.这确实是个异想天开的想法。 What a fantastic goal!这球进得多漂亮!(2)用作表语: S+be+Have you heard his new opera? It is fantastic.你听过他的新歌剧吗?那好极了。 I passed my test! Fantastic! 我测试及格了!太棒了! We watched a fantastic play yesterday evenin

4、g.昨天晚上我们看了一场非常精彩的演出。 She has got a lot of fantastic ideas which are impossible to be put into practice.她有一大堆不切实际的想法,这些想法不可能付诸实践。注意：fantastic无比较级和最高级形式。3. aware adj.(of) having knowledge or understanding 与of连用知道的，明白的，意识到的拓展：知道; 意识到; 明白 aware(that.)knowing or realizing sth. 察觉到; 发觉; 发现 noticing that s

5、th. is present, or that sth. is happening 对有兴趣的; 有意识的 interested in and knowing about sth., and thinking it is important(1)aware后可接of或that从句。 词组：be aware of 意识到，察觉到，知道He is aware of her presence.他知道她会出席。He is aware that we are here.他意识到我们在这。(2)用在how，what，when等词前时，aware后的of可省略。 I am not aware how lon

6、g he has lived here.我不知道他在这住了多久了。(3)作为标语形容词，通常用well来修饰aware，而不是very。 I am well aware of that.我知道这事。 If you were aware of all that, you would change your mind.如果你知道了那一切,你会改变主意的。 Then he became aware that they were regarding him with interest.这时,他意识到他们都在饶有兴趣地看着他。注意：. aware主要指根据感觉器官听、视或根据敏锐的智力推断而得知自身或外

7、界的实际情况。aware还可作“懂事的,明智的,敏锐的”解。 . aware是表语形容词,常接of短语或名词从句。aware of后接除what以外的wh-从句时of可省略。aware后接that从句可看作是aware of the fact that.省略了the fact。 . aware不用于比较等级。 . aware可用very much, fully, quite, well等词修饰,但不用very修饰。CF: aware, conscious, sensible这三个词都是形容词,表示觉察到某物的存在,后面都常接介词of。1)conscious表示“知道的,意识到的”,不用于可看到

8、的事物, 用在与精神方面有关的场合; 作表语时,指某人自己清楚地知道或懂得某物,语气比aware强些; 用作定语, 指某人自觉自愿的行动,后还可接从句。2)aware表示“认识的, 觉察到的”,可用于所有的场合,通常只能作表语,以人作主语; 也可指通过所见所闻对某人或某物有所觉察,但不一定了解很清楚; 后面还可接从句。3)sensible意为“知道的, (可以)觉察的”,指感官对客观事物的反映或内心对外界不明显或过去不注意的事物开始有所认识或感知。作表语时,通常指人,偶尔指物; 作定语时,主要指物。4. novel n. a long written story not in poetry,

9、dealing with invented people and events C（长篇）小说拓展：新奇的，新颖的，新的 new and strange; of a kind not known before(1)动词+ adapt/publish/write a novel 改编/出版/写小说make a novel into a film 把小说拍成电影(2)+介词 novel about 关于的小说novel by(of) 写的小说(3)用作形容词(adj. ): +名词 novel idea/design 新的观念/设计novel experience/fashion 新的经验/风尚

10、The novel is considered a brilliant performance.这部小说被认为是出色的佳作。 I like reading novels in my spare time.我喜欢闲暇时读小说。 Its a novel experience.那是一段新奇的经历CF1: novel，romance，fiction，story，fable，tale这些名词均含“小说、故事”之意。novel指任何有情节、人物、对白的虚构长篇散文体故事。romance系novel早期的代用词，泛指具有强烈神话和传奇色彩的故事，现指爱情故事。fiction指部分或全部虚构的短篇、中篇、长篇

11、小说，也指传奇故事，是小说的总称。story指篇幅较短，常包含一系列情节或事件，口述或书写成文的故事。fable指短小而寓有教育意义的虚构故事，故事的主人公多为拟人化的动物或非动物之类，也作传说解。tale常可与story换用，指以事实为中心作叙述的故事，也指古代流传下来的传说故事或神话故事。CF2: new，fresh，novel，original，innovative这些形容词均含“新的”之意。new普通用词，与old相对，指最近的或创新的。fresh指新鲜的、新做的，侧重创新。novel侧重新事物的新奇和独特。original强调独创性。innovative强调富有创新和革新精神。5.

12、actionn. U行动; 行为过程 the process of doing sth in order to make sth happen or to deal with a situation C所做之事; 行为 a thing that sb does; sth done U(故事,戏剧等中的)情节 the events in a story, play, etc. UC战斗; 作战 fighting in a battle a war U(一种物质或化学品对另一种所起的)作用 the effect that one substance or chemical has on anoth

13、ervt. 采取行动; 采取措施 take appropriate steps to make sure that sth. is done or dealt with(1)a piece/slice of the action (为获得利益)参与某事involvement in some enterprise, especially in order to get a share of the profitsDo you what a piece of the action?你想分一份吗？Shes only putting money into this scheme if she get

14、a slice of the action.她若能分得一杯羹,才肯出钱参与这一计划。(2)bring an action (against sb.) 起诉(某人) start a legal process against sb.He brought an action against her.他起诉她了。He brought legal action against his neighbour.他起诉他的邻居。(3)in action a)在运转，在操作 in operation or engaging in a typical activityIs your machine still i

15、n action?你的机器还在运转吗？How long before we can see that new ski lifts in action?我们多久才能看见新的滑雪索道开始运行？b)战斗 fighting in a battle or warMany were killed in action.许多人在战斗中阵亡。Her younger son was killed in action.她的小儿子死于战斗中。c)正在做擅长的事; 正在做训练的事doing what you are good at or what you are trained to doIts interesting

16、 to watch a good salesman in action.看一个出色的推销员卖东西是很有趣的。He is a very good tennis player; you ought to see him in action.他是个出色的网球手,你该看看他打球。(4)into action 付诸实施into operation or a typical activityMum quickly went into action in the kitchen.妈妈立刻在厨房里忙开了。The rules will be brought into action tomorrow.章程从明天开

17、始生效。(5)out of action 不再运转,失去效用 no longer able to operate or function; not workingIm out of action with a sore back.我因背痛而不能工作。I was out of action with a sprained ankle.我的脚踝扭伤了,不能行动。(6)put sth. into action 把某事物付诸实施 start using sth. such as a plan or ideaIts time to put our plan into action.是将我们的计划付诸行动

18、的时候了。He was capable not only of putting ideas forward, but also of putting them into action.他不但能提出许多主意,而且能付诸实施。(7)see action 参加战斗 take part in military fightingHed seen a lot of action.他曾身经百战。He saw action in Africa.他在非洲打过仗。(8)take action (to do sth.) 采取行动（做某事），行动起来（做某事）do sth. in response to what h

19、as happenedThe police had to take firm action to deal with the riots.警方不得不采取果断行动来对付骚乱。We must take action to deal with the problem before it spreads to other areas.我们必须采取行动,在问题扩展到其他地区之前将其解决。(9)where the action is 美非正热闹/享乐/有利可图等/的地方any place where life is thought to be busy, enjoyable, profitable, et

20、c.He wants to live in London because he thinks thats where the action is.他想住在伦敦,因为他认为那里是个热闹的地方。I want to be where the action is!我好想去一个有意思的地方！注意：. action与act区别: action常指持续，复杂的动作，而act则是短暂，简单的动作。如有人倒在地上，扶他起来，是act，若不但扶他起来，还帮他叫车，送他到家，那是action； . act of cruelty，act of folly，act of kindness等后面都是接of和抽象名词，只可

21、用act,不可用action； . cruel act(ion)，foolish act(ion)，kind act(ion)等前面用形容词修饰时，同act相比较，更习惯于用action； . action和act都表示“行为”，但是前者比后者抽象，而后者比前者具体。在in word and act中，word与act都是具体的，而在in speech and action中，speech和action都是抽象的。CF1: act，action，deed，operation，performance 这些名词均含“行为、行动”之意。act一般指具体的、短暂的或个别的行为，强调行为的完成及其效果。

22、action普通用词，着重行动的过程。deed较庄重用词，除泛指各种行为外，还可用于指某种高尚或伟大的行为，故常译作“功绩，业绩”。operation多指一连串行动或行为的完成方式。performance主要指行动的方式方法。CF2: action, agency, function这组词均可表示“作用”,其区别是：action和agency指一物事对另一物事的作用; 而function指物体自身的作用。action常从结果的角度着眼,而agency常从原因的角度着眼。action和function是可数名词; 而agency是不可数名词,常用于短语bythrough the agency o

23、f。action是一般用词; agency和function是正式用词。6. civil adj. connected with the people who live in a country 无比较级 国内的；公民的拓展：公民的,平民的; 文职的; 尘俗的,凡俗的; 国内家的,民间的 of, belonging to, or consisting of the ordinary population of citizens; not military or religious 民事的,民法的 belonging to, or judged under, civil law 文明的,有教养的

24、; 客气的,有礼貌的 polite enough to be acceptable(1) civil war 内战(2) It is/was civil of sb. to do sth.It was civil of them to do so.他们这样做是通情达理的。 The law shall strictly protect civil rights.法律应严格保护公民的权利。 The presence of the army should act as a check on civil unrest.军队的存在应能制止民间的动乱。注意：. civil的基本含意是“公民的,平民的”,也

25、可作“非军职的,非宗教的; 国民间的,民用的; 民事的,民法的”解,常用作定语,无比较级和最高级形式。. civil还可作“文明的,有教养的”解,常与介词of或to连用,可用于比较等级。CF: civil, courteous, polite这组词的共同意思是“有礼貌的”。其区别在于：polite指教养良好而举止谈吐彬彬有礼。civil指仅仅满足社会交往的一般要求,有时仅指不粗野。例如:Be civil in your speech.讲话要客气。He was very civil to us when we went to see him.我们去见他的时候,他待我们非常客气。courteous

26、则指考虑更为周到,举止更为高雅。例如:She was pleased at the courteous way in which he addressed her.他跟她讲话时的那种谦恭的样子令她十分愉快。It was courteous of him to give his seat to my mother.他把座位让给我母亲真有礼貌。7. fascinating adj. extremely interesting and charming 有极大吸引力，迷人的(1)用作定语: + n.Westminster Abbey towering in the distance there pr

27、ovides a fascinating view.矗立在远处的西敏寺构成了一处迷人的景色。(2)用作表语:S+be+The changing vivid colors of the sunset are really fascinating.日落时变化多端的色彩确实使人心醉神迷。S+be+ prep .-phrase: 词组：be fascinating to sb 对某人来说很迷人Your ideas are fascinating to me.你的这些主意对我来说很有吸引力。 The book is fascinating, despite its uninspiring title.这

28、本书很有意思，虽然书名并不吸引人。 The gloss and glitter of Hollywood seemed fascinating to the girl.好莱坞的虚荣与繁华似乎强烈吸引着这个女孩。8. entitle vt. give (a title) to (a book, play, etc.) 常用被动语态 给（书、剧本等）题名，定名(1) entitle someone to使某人有的资格(2) entitle to有资格(有权) She read a poem entitled The Apple Tree.她读了一首题为苹果树的诗。 He entitled the

29、book Savage Love.他给这本书取名为野性的爱。9. fiction n. U stories or novels about imaginary people and events, as compared to other sorts of literature like history or poetry 小说拓展：UC小说 type of literature (e.g. novels, stories) describing imaginary events and people C虚构; 想象; 杜撰 thing that is invented or imagined

30、 and not strictly true词组：read a fiction 读小说complete fiction 彻头彻尾的虚构detective fiction 侦探小说downrightpure fiction 纯属虚构legal fiction 法律上的假定modernpopular fiction 现代通俗小说realisticromantic fiction 现实浪漫主义小说science fiction 科学幻想小说 Real life is sometimes stranger than fiction.现实生活有时比小说还离奇。 I like to read scienc

31、e fiction.我喜欢读科幻小说。注意：fiction的基本意思是“小说(总称)”,是区别于诗歌、散文、戏剧、传记等的一种体裁; 可指长篇、中篇、短篇等各种小说; fiction当作一种体裁解时不可数,当表示具体作品时可数。CF: novel，romance，fiction，story，fable，tale这些名词均含“小说、故事”之意。novel指任何有情节、人物、对白的虚构长篇散文体故事。romance系novel早期的代用词，泛指具有强烈神话和传奇色彩的故事，现指爱情故事。fiction指部分或全部虚构的短篇、中篇、长篇小说，也指传奇故事，是小说的总称。story指篇幅较短，常包含一系列情节或事件，口述或书写成文的故事。fable指短小而寓有教育意义的虚构故事，故事的主人公多为拟人化的动物或非动物之类，也作传说解。tale常可与story换用，指以事实为中心作叙述的故事，也指古代流传下来的传说故事或神话故事。10. capture vt. take (a person or animal) prisoners 捕获（人或动物），俘虏；逮捕拓展：俘虏, 捕获 take pri