考研核心词汇辨析104组.docx

1、考研核心词汇辨析104组考研核心词汇辨析104组1、abide, adhere, conform, comply“遵守”。abide v.后接by表示“遵守，同意”。I will abide by the director decision.我将遵从主任的决定。adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考到。)Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。conform v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”。All individuals are required to

2、conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。comply v.后接with表示“遵守，服从”，用于正式的场合。Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。2、abnormal, uncommon, disordered“反常的”abnormal a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕见)，指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。His body temperature has been abnormal for

3、3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。(尽管身体发烧不正常，但生活中也时有发生。)uncommon a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的。Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见。That is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great! 那速溶咖啡质量上乘，味道好极了！disordered a.混乱的，杂乱的；(精神或身体)有病的。We cou

4、ldnt understand her disordered presentation.我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。3、abolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguish都有“取消，除掉”的意思。abolish v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除；完全破坏。The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税。cancel v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消；删去(字、句)。The meeting has been cancelled because

5、of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了。eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。The losing team was eliminated from further competition.失利的那个队被淘汰了，不能参加下一阶段的比赛。The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。dispose v.处理，处置；表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。(这一点需要注意。)After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.野餐后请清

6、除掉垃圾。erase v.除去，擦掉，指有意识地除去字迹、声音等。I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.我在往磁带上录音之前先消掉了上面的音乐。exclude v.排斥；排除，不包括在内，与include互为反义词。The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from entering.衣冠不整者不得进入该餐馆。extinguish v.熄灭，扑灭(火)；使沉默，使暗淡。Firefighters extinguished a b

7、ig fire.消防队员扑灭了大火。4、abstract, digest, outline, summary“要点，摘要”abstract n.概要，摘要，尤其指对学术论文或法律论据作的简述。I have read the abstract of his book.我已经读了他书的概要。digest n. (篇幅较长的)摘要，文摘，它是对原文的浓缩而不是对原文的简单解释，浓缩后仍保持原文的顺序、重点和风格。Readers Digest读者文摘outline n.要点，大纲，概要。She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her

8、talk.她把自己要谈的想法列了一个提纲。summary n.总结，摘要，指用寥寥数语概括文章或者讲话的要点，不考虑原文的风格。5、absurd, ridiculous, silly都有“愚蠢，可笑”的意思。absurd a.荒谬的，可笑的，指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑。There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的，指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄，含有蔑视成分。It is ridiculous to j

9、udge a foreign culture only by its food.仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。silly a.愚蠢的，傻的，指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢。a silly little boy傻小子6、abundant, plentiful这两个形容词都有“充足的”之意。abundant a. (数量)充足的，常用于人、物产、资源、雨量等，含有“过多”之意。Oil is in abundant supply in this country.这个国家石油供应十分充裕。plentiful a.丰富的，充足的，常用于食物、收获、财产等，不能用于时间、空间、思

10、想等方面。Eggs are plentiful at this moment.现在鸡蛋很多。7、accent, tone, dialect这三个名词意思相近，容易混淆。accent n.口音，指某一地区语言的发音特征；重音。He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他讲英语带有西班牙口音。tone n.语气，音调，指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话。dialect n.方言，土语，地方话，指一个地区人们所使用的语言。the Yorkshire dialec

11、t约克郡方言the Sichuan dialect8、access, assess这两个词为一组“形近易混词”。access n.接近，进入。The people living in these apartments have free access to that swimming pool.住在这些公寓里的人可以免费地进入游泳池。assess v.评估(财产，价值)。I assessed how much it would cost to build a new apartment.我评估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少钱。9、accommodate, afford, furnish都有“提供”

12、的意思。accommodate v.提供住宿、房间；适应，迎合，迁就。This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这家饭店可供500位来宾住宿。The company accommodated the customers wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司满足了顾客的愿望，连夜将货物发了出去。afford v.负担，支付；当“提供”讲时，多用于指抽象事物的提供。We cant afford that expensive sports car.我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车。The tall building af

13、fords a beautiful view of the ocean.从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽景致。furnish v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西。Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.阅读虽然为我们的思想提供了各种知识，然而只有思考才能将我们读到的内容变成自己的东西。10、accomplishment, attainment, achievement“成就”accomplishment n.成功，成就；才艺，

14、修养。Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.对于登山运动员来说，爬上了那座山就是成功。Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments. 画画得好只是她的许多才能之一。attainment n.指学识和造诣(常用作复数)；达到，到达。a scholar of the highest attainments造诣极高的学者achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”，或具体的“成绩”，与accomplishment是同义词。11、acc

15、use, charge“控诉，指控”之意，所搭配的介词不同。accuse v.指控，控诉，与介词of连用。The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。charge v.可以指因为小错而受的责备，也指因违法而受到控告，与介词with连用。The police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。12、acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve, secure都有获得，取得的意思，在考研屡次出现。acquire v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得

16、，该词强调一经获得就会长期持有的含义。It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.正是通过学习，个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。attain v.指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果；也可指达到某一目标。The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标。obtain v.获得，买到，用于正式语体中。He obtained the property wi

17、th a bank loan.他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。gain v.指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value.投资者通过所买股票价格上涨而得利润。earn v.挣得，赢得，指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。How much do you earn a week?你一星期挣多少钱？achieve v.得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。The movie star achieved success and wealth.这个影星取得了成功和财富。secure v.

18、得到；把拿到手，含有肯定占有难以得到的东西之意；使安全，保卫；作形容词比较常见，意为安全的。A million signatures have been secured.已征集到了100万人的签名。He secured the office before leaving it for the night.他晚上离开前锁好了办公室的门窗。13、acute, critical, crucial, urgent严重的，重要的意思。acute a.剧烈的，严重的；急性的(病)。An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品严重缺乏

19、，伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。critical a.意为关键的，表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点，与crucial相似。与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量；还指批判性的，分析性的。It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.为了考好你必须用功学习，则你会不及格的。crucial a.意为决定性的，紧要关头的，至关重要的，最为笼统，适用于上述两种情况。Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.

20、消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。urgent a.意为紧迫的，急迫的，紧要的，它不强调所指的问题是最重要的，仅强调紧急的状态。We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.我们急需要帮助，我们的水就快要用光了。14、adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary都含有调整、改变的意思。adjust v.一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整；修理。I adjusted the air conditioner to st

21、ay cool.我调节了空调以保持凉爽。regulate v.指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节，使之准确工作或运行；多含有控制之意。Lights are used to regulate the traffic.红绿灯被用来管制交通。rectify v.纠正，校正(错误、文章、合同等)。He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。amend v. (正式用语)指修改文件、法律、规范等。The politicians amended the law to p

22、rovide more jobs.政治家们修正了这项法律以提供更多的就业。convert v.改变某事物的形式或用途，还可以指改变信仰尤其是宗教信仰。Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971.英国于1971年改用十进制货币体系。Hes converted to Catholicism.他已经皈依天主教。alter v.使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变。The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.裁缝修改了我的裤腰因为它太紧了。

23、modify v.改变，修改，以使某物更趋完善，还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。He was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify his behavior.他粗声大气，脾气暴躁；朋友们告诉他要改变自己的举止。transform v.指彻底、深远的改变，这种变化完全改变了外观或特性，使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。Remodeling transformed an old, dark house into a cheerful one.重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。vary v.强调没有一定规则、陆续的变化或差异。Ai

24、r fares vary from one airline to another.航空公司的机票价格各不相同。15、admit, confess, concede这几个动词都有承认的意思。admit v.指由于说服、再三追问而承认某一事实或过错。I admit that you have a point.我承认你有理。confess v.供认(罪行、过错等)，含有坦白、招认的意思。He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供认了他的罪行。concede v.指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误，但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认，还可以指以退为进的承认。The m

25、an who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人。16、affiliate, link, attach, append都有附加的意思。affiliate v.加入，成为一部分。an affiliated middle school一所附属中学link v.将人或物连接起来。The crowd linked arms to form a barrier.群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。attach v.将某物系在、贴在、附在另一物上。I attached

26、a note to my report with a paper clip.我用别针将一张字条别在报告的后面。append v.增加，附加(与attach的意思比较接近)。The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。17、affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim这一组动词都有声称的意思。affirm v.坚信不疑地肯定或宣称，是deny的反义词。He affirmed his love for her.他发誓爱她。assert v.指不管事实如何，主观自

27、信地宣称，或者清楚有力地坚持某个情况为事实。She asserted that she was innocent .她宣称自己是无辜的。allege v.在无真凭实据的情况下宣称、断定。The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在现场。claim v.要求，声称，断言。多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张。They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be

28、 fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city.他们生成如果有更多的人骑自行车上班的话，闹市区的汽车就会有所减少。announce v.宣布，宣告。多指首次当众正式宣布某一主张或态度，常常带有预告的意味。The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge.印刷术的发明宣告了知识普及时代的来临。proclaim v.宣布；宣告(成立)。指经过深思熟虑后向大众宣布一个明确的决定或判断，尤其指重大事件的宣布，多用于官方场合。The preside

29、nt proclaimed an emergency when the war came.当战争来临的时候总统宣布进入紧急状态。18、aggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensify这一组动词都有加强的意思。aggravate v.加重(负担、罪行、病情等)，使之恶化。I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的脚受伤了，而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。reinforce v.增援，一般用于军队或警察的行动；(添材料等)加固。A police office

30、r saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行，用无线电话要求增援。increase v.指数量上的增加。The number of people has been increased.人数增加了。strengthen v.加强，巩固，增强，相当于to become stronger。Exercising every day strengthens the heart.每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。Competition, they believe, strengthens the na

31、tional character rather than corrupt it.人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。intensify v.使变得更强烈、剧烈，加剧，相当于to become more intense or intensive。intensify colors加深色彩intensify hatred加深仇恨19、alert, cautious, considerate都表示小心的，谨慎的。alert a.警惕的，留神的。The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests drinking need.女主人一直站在旁边，时刻准备给大家斟酒。cautious a.细心的，谨慎的。He has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎。considerate a.关心他人的，体贴的。He is always considera