高考总复习不定式专题.docx

1、高考总复习不定式专题知识清单之动词不定式动词不定式的构成：to do解读：动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。动词不定式的形式变化 语态一般式完成式进行式完成进行式主 动to buildto have builtto be buildingto have been building 被 动to be builtto have been built动词不定式的基本用法：这里只学习不定式做主语，宾语，和状语的用法，它作定语和宾补的用法与分词一块学习。一 作主

2、语 句型： It is/was +形容词/可数名词单数+ to do sth 解读1：不定式作主语常见的是 it 作形式主语，放在句首，将真正的主语动词不定式（短语）放在句子后面。经典例句：1) Its easy to be wise after the event.2) It is easier to spend money than to make money.3) Its better to love someone you cant have than to have someone you cant love. 4) It is not a good habit to stay up

3、 too late解读2： 此外形式主语it 不能用that、this 来替换。 这也是不定式作主语时的考点。出题句型是： _ is/was +形容词/可数名词单数+ to do 此句型特别重要，要牢记。判断下列句子读错，并说明理由：1 This is impossible for people to stare directly at the sun. 2 Due to the refraction of light rays , this is impossible for the naked eye to determine the exact location of a star cl

4、ose to the horizon.解读3：it 作形式主语，不定式可以有自己的逻辑主语，通常用for + 名词（代词）或of + 名词（代词）放在不定式的前面。此时不定式的语态须看与逻辑主语的主被动关系。For与of的区别是初中内容。经典例题：1. Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A. this B. there C. that D. it2. The doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday. (2010全国卷II 14).A. this B. tha

5、t C. one D. it3. Its important for the figures _ regularly. （2011北京卷） A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated二作宾语 1.直接作宾语 句型：动词（vt）+ to do 解读： 直接跟在一个及物动词后面作宾语。这时句子有以下两个特点： 第一：句子的主语和不定式的逻辑主语是一致的，不定式的语态需看与句子主语的关系。 第二：这时句子的谓语动词多是描写态度；不定式动作则说明行为。经典例句：1) Nobody wants to b

6、e laughed at.2) This company refused to cooperate with us.经典例题：1. I dont want _like I m speaking iii of anybody, but the manager s plan is unfair. (2005天津卷)A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded2. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she

7、works. (2006北京卷) A. working ; stopping B. to work ; stopping C. working ; to stop D. to work ; to stop3. As a young man , I hate_ in public. A. laughed at B. to be laughed at C. to laugh at D. laughing at 2. 句型：某些及物动词+连词+to do解读：在一些动词之后，可以在连接代词（what, who , which）或连接副词（how, when, where）及连词 whether 后面

8、接一个带to 的动词不定式作宾语。常见的动词有：ask, decide, explain, forget, find out , guess, imagine , know, wonder.经典例句：1) I wonder who to invite. 2) Show us what to do .3) I dont know whether to answer his letter.考点解读：不定式的语态：必须用主动形式，此时易误选为被动形式。当连接词为代词时，不定式为及物动词，且其后不加宾语。经典例题：1. Theres so much delicious food! I cant dec

9、ided_. A . what t eat B. when to eat C. how to eat D. where to eat2. Can you tell me _ on the Internet? A. how to search B. how search C. where can I search D. when can I search 3. He told us whether _ a picnic was still under discussion. (2009四川卷) A. to have B. having C. have D. had3不定式作宾语后置：如果不定式（

10、宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，构成句型“动词+ it +宾补（名词或形容词）+宾语to do ”。 经典例句：I think it hard to answer the question in one go. 我觉得很难一下子回答这个问题。He feels it challenging to be a marketing supervisor .经典例题：1. Using many symbols makes to put a large amount of information on a single map.A. possibl

11、e B. it is possible C. it possible D. that possible2. The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting . (2005全国卷1) A. that B. it C. this D. him3.As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town. (2006湖南卷)A. t

12、his B. that C. one D. it4. Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (2006山东卷)A. that B. it C. this D. you5. The fact that she was foreign made _difficult for her to get a job in that country. (2010辽宁卷33) A. so B. much C. that D. it 6. The two girls are so alike that str

13、angers find _ difficult to tell one from the other. （2011山东卷） A. it B. them C. her D. that7. New technologies have made _ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost. 【2012四川】A. that B. this C. one D. it 三. 状语 构成以下几种句型句型1 ：形容词+to do （语言山表述为：形容词后面的动词不定式）解读1：该形容词为表示动作特点的形容词时，一般做两种成分：表

14、语和宾补 当该形容词作表语时，句子主语和不定式动词可构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 当该形容词作宾补时，句子宾语和不定式动词可构成逻辑上的动宾关系。经典例句：1) She is very nice to talk to .2) Mary is easy to get on with.3) I find English difficult to speak. 4) I find Football very interesting to watch. 此句型三大考点不定式动词一般不用被动形式：（最容易出错） 不定式后不能再加宾语： 不定式动词所带的介词不能省略：经典例题：1. Tom asked the

15、candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _ into small pieces. （2011安徽卷）A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break2. This machine is very easy _. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 【2012辽宁】A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate解读2：在本句型中，如果形容词是表示人的性格特征（如：brave

16、 , careful, clever, considerate , foolish, generous , kind ,等）或情绪感受（happy；surprised；glad；honored）的词。句子主语或宾语和不定式动词可构成逻辑上的主谓关系.经典例句：1) He was kind to help us .2) The boy was careless to break the window .3) We think the boy careless to break the window.经典例题：1. The old man sat in front of the televisio

17、n every evening, happy_ anything that happened to be on. 【2012全国卷II】 A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched2. I feel greatly honored _ into their society. (2008北京卷)A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed3. We were astonished _ the temple still in its original conditio

18、n. (2010辽宁卷)A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found4.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable _. （2011福建卷） A. held B. holding C. be held D.to hold句型 2 ：不定式作目的状语，可构成句型：To do/In order to do sth , 主语+谓语或主语+谓语+to do/in order to do/so as to do

19、.经典例句：1. Hating people is like burning down your own house to get red of a rat.2. To acquire knowledge, one must study; but to acquire wisdom, one must observe.3. We had better start early to catch the train.4. We had better start early so as to catch the train.5. I went to the post office in order

20、to mail a letter .经典解读：1. so as to 一般不用在句首。但to do 或 in order to do 可提到句首。2. 目的状语放在句首时，和句子之间要有“，”间隔；当目的状语位于句末时，和句子之间不可以有“，”间隔。3. 不定式的语态：看与句子主语的关系：主动to do；被动to be done。经典例题：1. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there for a space flight. (2007江西卷) A.training B.being trained C.to have tra

21、ined D.to be trained2. the safety of gas, the government has checked the citys gas supply system thoroughly. (2007上海春) A. To ensure B. Ensuring C. Having ensured. D. To have ensured3. , you need to give all you have and try your best. (2009辽宁卷)A. Being a winner B. To be a winner C. Be a winner D. Ha

22、ving been a winner句型 3 作结果状语，可构成句型：主+谓（，）only to do。指意想不到或不愉快的结果，结果状语必须放在句末。经典例句：1) We hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had just left.2) They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. 他们搬起石头却砸了自己的脚注意： 分词作结果状语，一般表示意料之中的结果。如：1) His parents died, leaving him an orphan.2) It

23、 rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.经典例题：1. All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. (2005辽宁卷) A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving2. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the t

24、ickets had been sold out. (2006陕西卷)A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told3. George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him. 【2012山东】A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told 4. He comes home late every evening, _his wife very angry. A. make B.only to make C. making D. mad

25、e句型4: sb seem/appear/pretend + to do/to be doing/to have done解读：本句型中关键是判断不定式的时态。To be doing 正在做；to have done 已经做了；to do 要去做。经典例句：1) He seems to have finished his work.2) When the teacher came in , all the students pretended to be studying.3) The old man appeared to be asleep.经典例题：1. I dont know whet

26、her you happen , but Im going to study in the U.S.A. this September .Ato be heard Bto be hearing Cto hear Dto have heard 2.Look at the pride on Toms face. He _ to have been praised by the manager just now. （2011重庆卷）A.seemed B. seems C. had seemed D.is seeming3. Today we have chat rooms, text messagi

27、ng, emailing but we seem _ the art of communicating face-to-face. (2011上海卷) A. losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lost句型5 sth be said/reported/believed/thought/considered +to do/to be doing/to have done 解读：1) 在此结构中主语必须是sth或sb，不能是形式主语it，动词后必须用不定式，不能用that从句。2) 此结构中关键是判断不定式的时态和语态：语态判断与句子主语的

28、关系；时态：To be doing 正在做；to have done 已经做了；to do 要去做。经典例句:1) Many of his books are said to have been translated into foreign languages.2) Zhanghua is said to go to America tomorrow , which made his parents very proud.经典例题：1. Is Bob still performing? (2005江苏卷) Im afraid not. He is said_ the stage alread

29、y as he has become an officialA. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left2. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. (07辽宁)A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. break3. It is reported that man

30、y a new house at present in the disaster area. (2010陕西卷24) A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built句型 6：but后不定式符号“to”的省略问题解读：but后是否加to遵循三个句型一个原则：三个句型：这三个句型后都不加to1) cant but do2) cant help but do3) cant choose but do一个原则：but前面有实义动词do的某种形式，后面省to；没有加to。可记忆为：有do省to；无do加to。经典例句：1) I have no choice but to stay here.2) He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.3) When he heard the interesting story, he cant help but laugh loudly.经典例题：1. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge. (2012陕西卷)A. meets B. meeting C.