非谓语ed讲解DOC.docx

1、非谓语ed讲解DOC非谓语动词的句法功能 主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词非谓语做题步骤解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时，所给动词必定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分，初定作该成分的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式；最后再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法，同时看谓语动词有没有特别的要求，再结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定该填哪种形式。可以按照以下四步来解答一、分析句子结构,辨别“谓与非谓”二 找逻辑主语非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。_these pictures, I cou

2、ldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing ._ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. ( see)三、分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。1. The dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside .2. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside

3、.A. was washed B. washed C.were washed D.having washed四、分析时态1. The building _C_now will be a restaurant .2. The building _B_ next year will be a restaurant .3. The building _D_last year is a restaurant.A. having been built B. to be built C.being built D. built 非谓语动词（done）的用法讲解一 作宾补当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关

4、系时，用-ed形式。例如：While she was getting me _ _ (settle) into a tiny but clean room思路分析：因句中已有谓语was getting，所以settle应是非谓语动词；又由settle sb. into/in/on(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，me与settle是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补，故填settled。注意：1）在with的宾语后，若用-ed形式，表示宾语与-ed形式在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成2）getdone=have sth. done请人做/遭受(被动)。3）make oneself 后常用und

5、erstood, heard, seen, known等作宾补，表示让别人明白自己的意思/让自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别人认识。例如：Alexander tried to get his work _ (recognize) in the medical circles. recognized。考查“get+宾语+过去分词”结构。其中的“宾语”与其后的“过去分词”之间为被动关系。二 作状语(1)在表示时间、让步、方式或伴随情况时，若与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系，用-ed形式。(2)在“连词(如when, while, if, though等)+分词”结构中，当分词与主句主

6、语是被动关系时用-ed形式。例如：Though _ (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. surprised, 因the professor与surprise是被动关系，故用“连词+过去分词”作状语。_ (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. seen, 由于the south foot与see之间为被动关系，故要选过去分词作状语。The experiment shows that pro

7、per amounts of exercise, if _(carry) out regularly, can improve our health. carried，由于exercise(锻炼) 与carry out(进行，执行) 之间为被动关系，故用“连词+过去分词”作状语，if carried out regularly相当于if it is carried out regularly三 作定语分词作定语：被修饰的名词与分词是被动关系时用-ed形式。例如：Im calling to enquire about the position _ (advertise) in yesterday

8、s China Daily. advertised, 由于position(职位) 与 advertise(登广告) 之间为被动关系，且广告昨天已经刊发了，故用过去分词作定语。So far nobody has claimed the money _ (discover) in the library. discovered, 由于money与discover之间为被动关系，由句意可知，钱“已经”被发现，故用过去分词作定语。四 作表语分词作表语则说明主语的性质 像puzzled, surprised, excited等-ed分词表示“(人)感到的”。 实例解析1 Mrs. White show

9、ed her students some old maps _ (borrow) from the library. borrowed, 因maps与borrow之间为被动关系；再根据句意，地图是“已经”借来了，所以用过去分词作定语。2 The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _(lay) for a meal to be cooked. laid, 短语lay a table的意思是“摆桌子”，因句中的table与动词lay之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。3 A great number of stu

10、dents _ (question) said they were forced to practice the piano. questioned,由于students与question(提问，询问) 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。4 Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _(amuse) with her stories. amused, 意思是Lucy让他的同事“感到愉快”，表示人“感到愉快”，用-ed形式作宾补(相当于形容词作宾补的)，故填amused。5 Almost 33 ( freez

11、e), the old man could not get off the ground.frozen, 因句子主语the old man与freeze(冻僵)是被动关系，故用过去分词作原因状语。6 It was a presidential talk 33 (deliver) at a time of economic uncertainty for many American families.delivered, 过去分词作后置定语。非谓语动词可能出现的考查点及易错点：一)使用非谓动词的语言结构。1） 在“句子, and/or/but +句子” 的并列句结构中，可能会考查“以动词原形开头

12、”的祈使句，四个答案表面上象非谓语，其实考查的是谓语。1._hard and you will succeed in the exam.2._hard or you will fail in the exam.A. Study B. To study C. Studying D. Studied 【答案：A A】2） 在“句子，非句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：3. The teacher devoted his life to his career, _ most of his students successful in study.A. make B. to make C. makin

13、g D. made 【答案：C】3） 在“非句子，句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：4. _with children, I know what is needed most.A. Working B. Having worked C. Worked D. To work 【答案：B】4) 在“with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词：5. With her baby _ on her back, the woman was cleaning the rich mans house.A. sleep B. slept C. to sleep D. sleeping

14、【答案：D】6. With his hair _ like a role in the film, the boy felt very cool.A. cut B. to be cut C. cutting D. to cut 【答案：B】5） 在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear等使让动词或感观动词后面作宾语补足语时，也可能用非谓语动词。7. He made his sister _ by taking away her toy.8. His sister was made _ by his taking away her toy.A.

15、cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried 【答案： A B】9. the policeman found the thief _ his hand into an old mans pocket and arrested him.A. put B. putting C. to put D. being put 【答案：B】二). 非谓语动词考点易错点：1） 表面上考分词，实际上考形容词的情况：10._ , he fell asleep quickly.A. Tire B. Tiring C. Tired D. To tire 【答案：C】11.The man won a

16、 big prize, _and _.A. surprised ; happy B. surprising ; happy C. surprised ; pleasant D. surprising ; pleased 【答案：A】12. _ in thought of the problems, the man didnt realize his girlfriends coming in.A. Losing B. Lost C. To lose D. Having lost 【答案：B】13. The students _ in art can sign in the form and b

17、e a member of our school.A. interest B. interesting C. interested D. To interest 【答案：C】2) 在“被动形式表主动”情况中出题：14. _ a white skirt, the girl looks like a angel.A. Worn B. wear C. dressed in D. dressing 【答案：C】(wear的后面加衣服；dress表示动作时，后面要加人而不加衣；be dressed in是固定搭配，其中的dressed已经演变成形容词，本是其实可以看成是when the girl is

18、dressed in a white skirt省略而来的。)15. _ in a armchair, he is always surfing online, eating fish and chips.A. Sit B. Sat C. Seating D. Seated 【答案：D】 （Sit是动词，这里应该用sitting; seat作动词时，其后不加凳子，要加人，而且这个词一般用被动形式表示主动意义。）3） 在“主动形式表被动”的情况中出题：16._ tired and weak, the woman should have a day off to see a doctor.A. L

19、ook B. Looking C. Looked D. Looking 【答案：D】 （look在本题中不是实意动词，而是感观系动词，系动词在非谓语中用主动式表被动。）17. With many problems _ _ , the newly selected president will have a hard time. A. remain; unsettled B. remaining; unsettled C. remained ; unsettling D. remained; unsettling 【答案：B】（用with开头的部分在这里是一个介词短语，不是句子，因此用非谓语，而

20、remain表示“仍然；仍然是”时是系动词，只能用主动形式；problems与unsettle是动宾关系或被动关系，所以用过去分词unsettled.）18. Having some clothes _, I cannot join you to see the film.A. to wash B. to be washed C. washed D . washing 【答案： A】（宾语补足语中的动词用非谓语动词；虽然衣服应该是被洗，但是当句子主语与不定式为主谓关系时，我们用主动形式表被动。） 19. _ smooth, this kind of pen sells well in our

21、school.A. To write B. Writing C. being written D. Written 【答案 ：B】 （解析：动词如果不是表示动作，而是表示物体具有某种性质或特征时，往往用主动形式表示被动。）4）从“主语一致或主语不一致”角度出题：逗号分开的前后两部分有时逻辑主语一致，有时逻辑主语不一致。逻辑主语不一致时，非谓语动词一般要自带逻辑主语，这种现象叫做“分词的独立主格结构。”20. _ from this angle, the mountain looks like a face of a man.A. To see B. Seeing C. Seen D. Saw

22、【21答案：C】（解析：空格处的动词本身没有带主语，那么本句的主语the mountain就要做其逻辑主语，由于the mountain与see是动宾关系，所以我们选用过去分词。）21. _, Ill go there with you tomorrow afternoon. 【22答案：C】 A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Times permitting（ 解析：permit与I没有主谓关系，也没有动宾关系，permit自带了逻辑主语time(“时间允许的话”)，而time与permit为逻辑上的主谓关

23、系，所以用现在分词的独立结构。）三） 注意的几点：1） 有些分词有时可作分词有时又可作形容词。22. _ enemy, Liu Hunan was very brave. 【23答案C】23. _ with difficulties, we should not give in.【24答案B】A. To face B. Faced C. Facing D. face（解析：22题中的face是一个动词，由于与Liu Hunan是逻辑上的主谓关系，我们用现在分词形式，；23题中实际上考查了be faced with这一固定搭配，其中的faced看成形容词。）24. The president o

24、f South Africa flied to Libya, _ to help solve the crisis.25. The president of South Africa flied to Libya, _ at helping solve the crisis.A. aim B. aiming C. aimed D. to aim 【25选B 26选C】（解析：24题考查了动词aim to do sth.(旨在做某事)，；25题考查固定搭配be aimed at doing sth. (旨在做某事)其中的aimed看成形容词）26. Though _ money, his par

25、ents sent him to a key university.27. Though _ in money, his parents sent him to a key university.28. Though in _ of money, his parents sent him to a key university.A. lack B. lacking C. lacked D. to lack 【27选B、28选B、29选A】（解析：26题中非谓语动词lacking（与his parents及money分别构成逻辑上的主谓关系和动宾关系）；27题中考查了固定搭配：be lackin

26、g in(“缺少”)，其中的lacking 为形容词；28题考查了固定搭配（介宾结构）in lack of(“缺少”)，其中的lack是名词，这其实是由though his parents were in lack of money省略了主语和were而业的）2） 作结果状语时，doing与(only)to do的区别。表示结果状语时，现在分词（v+ing）表示意料之中的结果；而不定式（to do/ only to do）表示意料之外的结果：29. His parents were killed in the accident,(thus )_ him an orphan.A. leave B

27、. leaving C. left D. to leave 【 30选B】（解析：他父母出了事故，他变成了孤儿就是意料之中在事情了，用现在分词表结果状语。） 30. I hurried to school, only _ that it was Sunday. 【31选D】A. find B. finding C. found D. to find（解析：发现是星期天是我匆忙赶到学校意料之外的结果，说明我忘记了，如果我知道是星期天就不可能还匆忙地赶到学校了。用不定式表意料之外的的结果。）3） 作主语时，非谓语动词之to do 与doing 的区别。31. _is a good form of

28、exercise for both young and old. 【32选B】A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk（不定式做主语常表示具体的一次性的动作;动句词表示一般的经常性的动作，多次散步才会有利于健康。）4） 演变成了介词或连词的分词。英语中有些词表面上看是分词，但实际上已经变成了介词，因此应该用ing形式还是分词ed形式已经变得约定俗成了。这时往往不适用非谓动词规则，而是看英美人士的习惯。32. _her age，she looks quite youngAConsider B. Considered C. To consider D. C

29、onsidering（解析：题意是：“就她的年龄而论，她显得十分年轻。”这里的considering表示“考虑到；鉴于”，它已经变成了介词，不管是“考虑还是被考虑”这里都用considering。）高中阶段我们还学过的有：介词concerningregardingaccording toincludingowing to关于关于根据；按照包括因为；由于连词givensupposingseeing (that)imagingproviding/provided鉴于假如因为；既然假如假如5） 有些非谓语动词是省略而来的，有些则不是。33. _ by her mother, the girl bur

30、st into tears. 【34选B】A. Be scolded B. Scolded C. Scolding D. To scold（解析：scold与the girl是动宾关系，因此用过去分词作原因状语；其实这个句子也是由一个完整的原因状语从句省略来的。原句为：Because the girl was scolded by her mother, the girl burst into tears.当主从复合句的主语一致，且谓语动词里有be 动词时，可以把 “连词+主语+be” 部分省略。）34. _ the tomb for 5 years, he is now called an expert more or less. 【选B】A. Studying B. Having studied C. Having been studied D. To study（解析：逗号前面部分不是句子省略而来，由于he 与study是逻辑上的主谓关系，加上study在先（有5年了），被