新概念英语第一册语法和专项练习.docx

1、新概念英语第一册语法和专项练习新概念英语第一册语法点归纳新概念一共144课,其中单课为课文,双课为语法和练习。整本书是以单数课为正课,并附带有插图而双数课则是针对单数课所讲的内容有针对性地进行练习,从此出展现出整个新概念一教材区别于其他教材的独特之处。以下是对新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析,以供各位对整个课本的理解和把握上参考和借鉴。首先根据课本中出现的时态来分析：本册书的语法出现层次性和规律性是很强的,首先我们先来整本书中都出了哪些时态,这些时态的具体分布和讲解时我们大家需要注意的递进性。Lesson 3134 现在进行时Lesson 3740 第一次出现be going to 的将来时Les

2、son 5156 一般现在时Lesson 6776 为一般过去式Lesson 8390 为现在完成时Lesson 9196 为一般将来时 Lesson 117118 过去进行时Lesson 119120 过去完成时除去前面所有时态和句型所占据的76课我们一起来看一下以下的68课,每一课小的语言点,语法点都是在什么地方,应该用什么样的方式来讲解。在这里告诉学员新概念一的每一个单课的重点都是出现双课的标题和课后的练习题里面。Lesson12语言点：与陌生人说话或引起别人的注意。Excuse me. Yes? Pardon? Thank you very much.语法点：主系表结构this为主语,

3、名词做表语1的一般疑问句以及它的肯定回答。Is this your handbag? Yes, it is. Lesson 56 语言点：如何介绍别人。This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Nice to meet you. 语法点：主语为第三人称单数的主系表结构。She is French. He is German. Its a Volvo. a/an 的使用。Lesson 78语言点：如何自我介绍和相互认识。语法点：主语为第二人称的主系表结构。Are you French? What nationality are you? Whats your job? 特殊疑问句。

4、Lesson 910语言点：朋友或熟识的人之间如何相互问候。How are you?语法点：主系表结构形容词做表语。 介词短语表示位置 near the window, on the televion, on the wall Lesson 2930语言点：如何发号命令。语法点：祈使句肯定。 动词与宾语的固定搭配。Lesson 3738 语言点：如何表达将要做的事情。 语法点：现在进行时态be going to do结构表达将要发生的事情。 There be 句型的一般疑问句形式。Lesson 41-42语法点：如何表示不可数名词的量。Lesson 63-64语言点：建议忠告。语法点：dont

5、 do. You mustnt doLesson 65-66语法点：具体时间表示法半点和刻钟。反身代词。 具体日期表达方式。Lesson 73-74语言点：问路。语法点：不规则动词的过去式。形容词转变成副词。Lesson 77-78语言点：看病。语法点：综合时间表达方式。Lesson 105-106语言点：办公室用语。语法点：want sb to do./ tell sb to do以及其否定形式。Lesson 103-104语言点：考试。语法点：宾语从句。从句部分为非现在时态 程度副词 too, very ,enoughLesson 125-126语言点：/语法点：have to do/ d

6、ont need to doLesson 127-128语言点：娱乐界。语法点：must/cant 对现在事情的肯定/否定猜测。Lesson 129-130语言点：交通状况。语法点：must/cant have been.对过去事情的肯定/否定猜测。Lesson 131-132语言点：度假。语法点：may 对现在/过去事情的肯定或否定猜测。以下学的知识慢慢与新二接轨：现在完成时：Lesson 8390直接引语变成间接引语：Lesson 99102形容词的比较级和最高级：Lesson107112neither ,so 的用法：Lesson 113114不定代词的用法：Lesson 115116过

7、去进行和过去完成时：Lesson 117120定语从句：Lesson 121124情态动词的综合用法：Lesson 125132 直接引语变间接引语：Lesson 133136着重讲时态的倒推 if 的用法：Lesson 137140 被动语态：Lesson 1411441代词及be动词主格 I we you you she/he/it they宾格 me us you you her/him/it them代词所有格 my our your your her/his/its their名词性代词 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirsbe动词现在时

8、 Am are are are is arebe动词过去时 was were were were was were2名词的复数规则变化的名词复数形式规则1 一般情况+s e.g. shellshells toytoys规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. foxfoxes churchchurches规则3 以o结尾+s或+es e.g. radioradios potatopotatoes规则4 以f, fe结尾的,变f, fe为ves e.g. lifelives halfhalves规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. skyskies studyst

9、udies3动词的第三人称单数形式规则1 一般情况+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks规则2 以s, x, ch, sh和o结尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches规则3 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies4动词现在分词规则1 一般动词加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing规则2 以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving规则3 重

10、读闭音节词结尾, 即单词中只有一个元音字母,其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词,双写辅音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping5动词过去式 规则动词变化 规则1 一般动词加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played规则2 以e结尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived规则3 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried规则4 重读闭音节词结尾, 即单词中

11、只有一个元音字母,其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词,双写辅音字母再加-ed stop-stopped过去式的读音在清辅音后面除外读/t/ e.g. walked, jumped在浊辅音和元音后读/d/ e.g. washed, watched在/t/,/d/后读/id/ e.g. waited, hated6形容词和副词的比较级和最高级比较级 规则1 一般加-er e.g. high-higher规则2 以e结尾加-r nice-nicer规则3 以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i再加-er busy-busier规则4 重读闭音节结尾, 双写辅音字母再加-er fat-fatter 最高级 规则1 一般加

12、-est e.g. high-highest规则2 以e结尾加-st nice-nicest规则3 以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i再加-est busy-busiest规则4 重读闭音节结尾, 双写辅音字母再加-est fat-fattest7常见缩写：is=s I am=Im are=reis not=isnt /iznt/ are not=arent /a:nt/do not=dontdoes not=doesntwas=sdid not=didntcan not=canthave=vehas=shave not=haventhas not=hasntwill=ll will not=won

13、tshall not=shant直接引语/间接引语如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时,那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态,人称,时间地点及指示词1 时态变化：一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时be going towas/were going to/wouldcan-couldmay-might2 时间地点及指示词的变化：here-there, tomorrow-the next day, the following day, this-that3 人称变化：根据句意改变人称。4 直接宾语/间接宾语主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语是

14、及物动词的直接对象,间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务,也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。He gives me a book.me间接宾语,a book直接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for：主语及物动词直接宾语介词间接宾语Give me a book. = Give the book to me.Send him a letter. = Send a letter to him.Show him the new dress. = Show the new dress to him.倒装句：so/neit

15、her的倒装eg: He can swim. So can I.She didnt go to class. Neither did I.结构：so/neither+be+ 主语so/neither+助动词+ 主语so/neither+情态动词+ 主语助动词： 一般现在时: do, does/am, is, are现在进行时: am, is, are一般过去时: did现在完成时: have, has一般将来时: will, shall过去进行时: was, were过去完成时: had过去将来时: would新概念英语第一册语法:一般现在时新概念英语第一册语法:现在进行时新概念英语第一册语法

16、：一般过去时新概念英语第一册语法：现在完成时新概念英语第一册语法：一般将来时新概念英语第一册语法：过去完成时新概念英语第一册语法：过去进行时新概念英语第一册语法：过去将来时新概念英语第一册语法：问句新概念英语第一册语法：限定词新概念英语第一册语法:名词新概念英语第一册语法:副词新概念英语第一册语法:情态动词新概念英语第一册语法：need 用法新概念英语第一册语法：不定代词及不定副词新概念英语第一册语法：感叹句新概念英语第一册语法：祈使句新概念英语第一册语法：倒装句新概念英语第一册语法：直接引语/间接引语新概念英语第一册语法：单复数现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。构成： 主语+be动词+动词的

17、现在分词+其它成分We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?变否定句在be动词后面加 notWe are not having lunch.He is not readin

18、g a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑问句：what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?没有进行时的动词表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1. 表示感觉,感官的词see, hear, like, love, want,2. have, has当拥有讲时没有进行时一、时态：一般

19、现在时,现在进行时,一般过去时,现在完成时,一般将来时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时1. 一般现在时表示一般性,经常性的动作或一般性事实。1 含有be动词的句子He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?变否定句在be动词后面加notHe is not a teacher.The girl is not very beautiful.

20、Tim and Jack are not students.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he is. No, he is not.Yes, she is. No, she is not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.不含有be动词的句子,即含有一般动词的句子第三人称单数及单数名词He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.变疑问句在句首加does, 动词变为原型Does he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?变否定句在主语及动词之间加

21、doesnt, 动词变为原型,原句中的动词不再有第三人称变化。He doesnt like books.She doesnt like him.The dog doesnt like bones.肯定回答及否定回答：Yes, he does. No, he doesnt.Yes, she does. No, she doesntYes, it does. No, it doesnt.注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词复数混淆,变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数名词I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The stu

22、dents like smart teachers.变疑问句在句首加doDo you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?变否定句在主语和动词之间加dont.You dont want to have a bath.We dont have any meat.The students dont like smart teachers.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I do. No, I dont.Yes, we do. No, we dontYes, they do. No, th

23、ey dont.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件, 常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,含有be动词的句子, 将动词变为过去式,am, is的过去式为was,are的过去式为wereI was at the butchers.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.变疑问句将be动词移动到句首Were you at the butchers?Were you a stud

24、ent a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?变否定句在be动词后面加notI was not at the butchers.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答否定回答Yes, I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.特殊疑问句：What did

25、 you do?不含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,动词过去式构成见附录I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.变疑问句在句首加did, 动词变为原型Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?变否定句在主语和动词之间加did not

26、I did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I did. No, I didnt.Yes, he did. No, he didnt.Yes, they did. No, they did not.现在完成时构成：主语+助动词have, has+过去分词用法：2 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和just, usually, already, since等

27、时间副词连用I have just had lunch. He has had a cup of tea.They have already had their holiday. The boy has already read the book. 3 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?4 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked fo

28、r this school for 1 year.8 表示一种经历,经验：去过地方,做过事情,经历过事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to表示去过,have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.He has gone to London.11 表示一种结果, 一般不和时间副词联用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my hear