中考新版八年级英语下册第1至第10单元知识点总结4.docx

1、中考新版八年级英语下册第1至第10单元知识点总结4八年级下册单元知识点总结Unit 1 Whats the matter?一、基础知识1. What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you?= What s wrong with you? 你怎么了？【注】： matter 和trouble 为名词， 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong 是adj. 不能加the2. have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu 感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a cough 咳嗽 have a

2、 stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache 牙疼 have a headache 头疼3. 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache 后背痛4. much too+形容词， 意为 太. ，too much+名词， 意为 很多，大量 。5. lie down躺下，lie lay lain lying 躺 lay laid laid laying 放 / 下蛋 lie lied lied lying 说谎

3、6. maybe “或许”may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许” 7. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车get into 进入get to 到达get through 穿过；完成8. agree with sth. 同意某事 agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 9. be in trouble 遇到麻烦make trouble 制造麻烦 have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth 做.有麻烦。 10. right away=right now=at on

4、ce 意为 马上 11. give sb. advice on sth. 就某事给某人建议； advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advise sb. doing sth.12. 当exercise意为“练习”时，为可数名词当exercise意为“锻炼”时， 为不可数名词13. be/get used to do 习惯于做某事 used to do 过去常常做 be used to do 被用来做.14. free time 免费的the drink is for free； 自由的 15. run out 用完，用尽 物 sth. run out. 某物用尽了。 人

5、sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物16. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk= take risks 冒险 17. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 18. make a decision 做决定 ;make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth.决定做某事 19. be in the control of 掌管，管理 be out of control 无法控制，无法管理 be under control 被控制住，在控制之中20. mind

6、 doing sth. 介意做某事 21. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事22. one of + 名词复数，做主语谓语动词用单数 one of the +最高级 .中最.之一Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks一、基本知识点1. cheer (sb.) up （让某人）变得高兴；振奋起来2. give out= hand out 分发；散发，give sth. out to sb. 把某物分发给某人 3. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 ， 4. alone 独自一人的，无感情色彩：lonely

7、（感到）孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。5. care for sb./sth. 照顾；照料 take care of=look after care about sb./sth. 关心，在意某人/事 【形容词】careful 仔细的 / careless粗心的 【副词】carefully 仔细地 6. try out 试用，试验7. journey 【名词】（尤指长途）旅行，行程；trip 【名词】多指短途旅行；8. be busy with sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 be busy doing sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 9. try doing sth. 试着去做某

8、事 try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try ones best (to do sth.)尽某人最大的努力去做某事 10. be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人、某事 11. make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为可能，make it +形容词(+for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为；think/find it +形容词to do sth. 12. make a difference to 对有影响；13. difficulty【可

9、数/不可数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数；表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数；14. have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 15. be excited about sth. 对某事感到兴奋 excited 兴奋的，修饰人；exciting 令人兴奋/激动的，修饰物。16. repair 【动词】修理，修补； fix 【动词】安装； 【fix up修理=repair】 17. come up with 提出；想出 keep up with 跟上；跟.保持联系 put up with 容忍；忍得

10、住 end up with 结束：以.而结束18. such +a/an + 形容词+单数名词 such +形容词+复数名词/不可数名词注：如果名词前被many/much/few/little修饰时，只能用so，而不用such. Unit3 Could you please clean your room?1. Could you please do sth ? 请你（做）.好吗？ 用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法.回答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No

11、 problem. 否定回答： Sorry , I cant2、take out 取出（v+ adv） 【注】: 跟代词做宾语，代词放中间；跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边3. take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away 拿走，取走 take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下； 起飞3. do the dishes 洗碗4. at least 至少 (反) at most 至少，不超过5. finish doing sth 做完某事6. I think two hours of TV is enough

12、 for you! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。7. take 的用法：拿；取Please take some books to the classroom. 吃；喝；服用Take this medicine three times a day.乘（车；船等）take They usually take the bus to work.花费（时间；金钱） It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.take 构成的短语：t

13、ake a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顾 take off 脱下；起飞 take up 占据 take down 拿下 take ones time 不急；慢慢来 take ones temperature 量体温8. come 短语：come across （偶然）发现 come back 回来 come up with 想出 come true 实现 come down 下来 come from=be from 来自,出生于come in/into 进入,进来 come on 赶快,加油 come along 走吧,过来,快点come an

14、d go 来来去去 come up 上来 come out 出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来9. Im just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累！ as.as . 和.一样.10. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人（主语） 也不” neither两者都不neither nor 既不也不,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定 表达“也不” 则用 “Neither /Nor

15、 + be / V助 / V情 + 主” The first one wasnt bad. Neither was the second. 11. find +宾语+宾语补足语【注】find found found v寻找 (1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事 (2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难 12.短语含义ask sb. to do sth请某人做某事ask sb. not to do sth不让某人做某事ask sb for sth 向某人要

16、某物ask for help 寻求帮助13. surprise v 使吃惊surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 surprised adj. 吃惊的 to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at 对感到吃惊14. need v 需要用于肯定句，是实义动词。(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事(2)物做主语，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词(1)neednt = dont have to 没有必要(2)need ,m

17、ust 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用neednt Must I go there now? Yes，you must/No, you neednt15. share sth with sb. 与某人分享某物16. hang out 闲逛 hang up 把.悬挂/挂起17. (1)try on 试穿 (2) try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】 (3) try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】(4)try ones best to do sth= do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事18.hate to do s

18、th 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。 hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。 19. help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮助某人。【注】help v 帮助 helpful adj. 有帮助的(1)help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事(2)with the help of sb.=with ones help在某人的帮助之下(3)without the help of 没有在的帮助之下20. invite v invitation n邀请(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某

19、人做某事(2) invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地20. have time to do sth. 有时间做某事have time =be free 有空21. a waste of 浪费 a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱waste time/money on sth =waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱22. spend/pay/cost/take 花费(1)spendspentspent v 花费,主语是人 sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth sb. +

20、spend +时间/钱+（in） doing sthspend on= pay for 支付(2) pay paid paid v 支付，主语是人 sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth (3) cost cost cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事 sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱(4) taketook taken v 花费It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间23. in order to do sth 为了做某事24. 与get相关的短语：get up 起床 get back 返回 get over

21、克服 get dressed 穿衣 get into 进入 get/be lost 丢失 get off/on 下/上车 get on well with sb. 与某人相处得好 get out of 从出来 get warm 变暧get ready for +n. 为做准备 get ready to do sth. 准备做某事get well 康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相关：(be asleep睡着) get older 长大24. get/ become/ go辨析：get+adj较多地与形容词比较级连用。

22、 The days are getting longer and longer.become 强调变化的结果 Its becoming colder and colder.go+adj.表示令人不快的事情 go bad变坏，go blind变瞎，go hungry挨饿25. It is important for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是重要的26. depend on 依靠；信赖27. do ones part 尽职责；尽本分 do ones part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责28. keep +sth /sb. +adj. “使.处于某种状态” k

23、eep ( on ) doing sth 继续做某事 keep sb. doing sth 让某人一直做某事 29. develop independence 培养独立意识 develop vdevelopment n 发展developing adj. 发展的developed adj. 发达的a developing country 一个发展中国家a developed country 一个发达国家 30. 与take相关的短语：take photos/pictures 照像 take away 拿走 take out 取出(work out算出) take care 当心 take a

24、walk 散步take medicine 服药 take place 发生take ones temperature 量体温 take ones time 别着急 31. as a result 结果 （插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开）32. the + 比较级， the + 比较级 “越. 越. ”33. provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物provide sb. with sth. =provide sth for sb.供应某人某物相当于：offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb. provide为应急等做好准备而“提供； 供给”provide

25、sb. with sth. =provide sth for sb.提供某人某物offer侧重表示“愿意给予”offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.对某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主动提出干某事supply 定期“供应” , 强调替代或补充所需物品Supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?1.用于提建议的句型有：What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth? .怎么样？Why do

26、nt you do sth?= Why not do sth? 为什么不呢？.Lets do sth . 让我们一起做某事吧。Shall we/I do sth? 我们做好吗？had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事Will/Would you please do sth 请你做好吗？Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事吗？Would you mind doing sth？ 你介意做某事吗？【回答】(1). 同意对方的建议时，一般用： 答语 Good idea./ Thats good idea. 好主意 OK/ All right./ G

27、reat 好/ 行/太好了 Yes, please ./ Id love to 是的/ 我愿意 I agree with you 我同意你的看法 No problem 没问题 Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 当然可以 Yes, I think so 对，我也这样想(2).对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时，一般用： I dont think so 我认为不是这样 Sorry, I cant 对不起，我不能 Id love to, but Im afraid 我愿意，但恐怕2. allow doing sth 允许做某事 allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事

28、 be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事 allow与let的辨析： allow指“允许”，表示“默许，听任，不加阻止”， allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事。3 let sb do sth 让某人做某事，语意较弱，多用于口语中，let不能用于被动语态。4. 系动词：后跟adj. 作表语一是：（be） am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静二保持：stay/keep （表示持续状态） stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康三变化：become/get/turn （表示状态变化）五起来：sound/look

29、/smell/taste/feel （表示感觉）5.find sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事类似动词：hear，watch, see, feel6 .与look相关的短语：look for寻找 look after=take care of look like看起来像 look the same 看起来一样 look over（仔细）检查 look through 查阅look out 找出 look up 查字典 look around四处看 look forward to 盼望look back（upon） 回想，回顾 look down on（upon）看不起 7 .be angry with sb. 生某人的气angry adj. 生气的 angrily adv. 生气地be angry with sb. =be mad at sb. 对某人生气【with后接人】be angry at/about sth 对某事感到生气 【at后接事】 be angry to do sth 做某事感到生气8 .although= though 尽管 , 用来引导让步