高中英语重点词汇精讲.docx

1、高中英语重点词汇精讲高中英语重点词汇精讲abandon: vt. 放弃，遗弃 abandon medicine for literature 弃医从文； desert: 遗弃，抛弃 on a deserted isla nd.ability: n 能力，才能：have the ability to do =be capable of doing 有能力做 able: adj. 有能力的：an able leader; be able to 与 can 的区别：can 只有现在（can）和过去（could）两种形式，而be able to 可有各种时态。（详见情态动词）。The fire spr

2、ead through the hotel very quickly, but every one get out.A . could B. was able to C. can D. must （B）aboard: adv./prep 在船（飞机，车）上 .Aboard=o n board; All aboard! 请上船；开船啦。Welcome aboard!请上船（飞机，车）about: pr e t./adv. 在周围，在身边；关于 （on更严肃，正式）；大约：be about to do. （=be at/on the point of doing.） 即将做。后不能接 soon,

3、at once 等时间状语；How about +doing/ 名词 / 代词 / 句子等.=What about. 做 好吗1I have no money about me. Have you heard of the story about Shakespeare about two yeas=two years pr so =some two yearsAll the mariners died except the one who shot the bird left to tell hisstory to others, which was described in the poe

4、m called “ The Rime of theAn cie nt Mari ner. ”A. on a board B. on aboard C. on boards D. aboardabroad: adv. be （go/live/travel） abroad; come （return ） from abroad; both at home and abroad 在国内外；be all abroad 离题，不中肯abse nee: n. abse nt: adj. 不在，缺席；不在意的：He will be absent at the meeting from Beijing. （

5、不在北京）He will be abse nt at the meet ing in Beiji ng. （外出在北京） Abse nee of mind心不在焉；反义词：present出席的，在场的，用法和 absent 样，但作定语要后 置（n. 礼物， at present 目前） got a present at the party. （A）A. All prese nt B. Prese nt all C. All prese ntingabsorb: vt.吸收（声音，光线，液体等），吸收，理解（知识等）；Be absorbed in 全神贯注于。 I was absorbed i

6、n a book and didn t hear you call.academic:学院的，学校的，学业的。 academic levels/challenges: 学业水平/学习中的挑战。accide nt: 意外；in cide nt: 小事件，政治事变或事件 by accide nt=by cha nee 偶然accept:承认，接受（主观），receive: 收到（表客观），accept A as B 承认 A 是B,He was accepted as an excelle nt teacher at last.、A）accessible adj.某人容易使用到Yesterday

7、he did an in vitatio n, but he refused to it . （BA. accept B. receive access:进入，接近（to）, have access to: 有权进入.,能够使用到.可以使用（或得到）的。能进入的。 Sth .be accessable to sb.account: account for 解释，描述。On account of 因为take account of 考虑至U。accuse;指控,指责。Accuse sb. Of sth 指控某人犯；be accused of被指控犯。 achieve: 完成,取得,达至U ach

8、ieve one s work/success/one s goal; achieve the goal of doin g达至U. 目标。O 2 achievements:成就，成绩 He achieved/gainedgreat/brilliant achievements in writing novels. acquire: 学习(一般指天生的习得) ； 而 learn 指课堂学习。 English acquired ability.across: 横穿而过(从物体表面) ； through: 穿过(从物件内部) ； over: 跨过(从物体上 方)； past: 经过(从物件旁边)

9、； along: 经过(从物体边沿)He went the river and didn t find a boat to go it.A. over, across B. along, across C. along, over D. past, throughact:vi.行为，演出，Vt.担当，演 角色 (=play the part of) n. 法令,条例actas=work as=serve as 担当 , 充当Who will Shakespeare in the film A. act B. act as C. play a part pf(A)1action. n. 行为 ,

10、 行动 , 措施 take actions 采取行动 , take measures 采取措施 active: adj. 积极的，活跃的 take(an) active part in 积极参加 , be active insth./doi ng sth. 在 方面很积极。live/lead an active life 过着活跃的生活。actual: 现实的，实际的(现实存在，不是想象中的) ；real: 真实的(不是假的) rue: 真实的(不是 in actual life, a real gold ring, a true story actually: adv.实际上，确实 =in

11、fact/in reality/ as a matter of fact =reallyadapt:(使适应。dapt (oneself) to (使适应 .adapt A for B: 把A改编/改写/改造成adapt from根据 改编。add:vt.力口 addto把 加到 上Two to three makes five. A. added B. adding C. is added D. beingadded (A)2add to 增加 , (=increase) The bad weather added to our difficulties.3add up 把 加 Please

12、 add up all the figures.4add up to 合计为 =come to =amount toaddict: vt. 使沉溺 , be/ get addicted to 对上瘾The young man gets addicted to drugs.address: n 地址 v 寄.=post he addressed a letter to me.adjust: adjust (oneself) to 使自己适宜于； adapt to 适应于 =agree withadmire: admire sb. For (doing) sth. 因而钦佩某人 ;envy: 妒忌

13、 , 羡慕 envy sb. sth.admit: vi/vt. admit(to) sth. 承认 admission n. 让进入 , 接纳 admit ab. t o/into 允许某人 进入 be admitted to school/ hospital, 允许 进 入 ,3admit doing sth. 允许做 承认做 admit+ 从句 admtt of =allow of 容许有 The matter admits of no delay. 容纳 =hold=seat The room can admit200 persons.adopt: 采纟纳，接受(=accept), 收

14、养。 adopt one s suggestion.advance: advance towards a place: 向前进 advance in sth. 在方面有增长 ; advance to a place: 到达 ;advance on/upon 逼近 , 进攻 ; in advance: 提前 =aheadof time; in advance of 在之前 , 比前进。 Advancing=developing: 发展中的， advanced: 发达的，高级的，进步的。advantage: 优点，好处 take advantage of 利用 =make use of; have

15、/ take an advantageover others 对有优势 。 disadvantage: 不足 , 可数名词。advice: 忠告， 劝告 (不可数) ， tip: 劝告， 可数， a piece of advice 一条劝告， give sb.some advice on( how to do) sth 就给某人提建议 , take/follow one s advice采纳某人的建议 ,ask (sb.) for advice 征询某人的建议,do sth. on one sadvice按某人的建议做 2advise: v.(BE)=advice v.(AE) advise

16、sb. to do sth. 劝某人做 ,advisesb. not to do sth=advise sb. aga inst doing sth. 劝 / 建议某人不要做 ,advise doing sth. 建议做 ;但 suggest 可用 suggest: (one s/sb.) doingsth, 不用 suggest sb. to do sth.I the lady go there at once. A. suggested B. advised C. hoped D.wished (A)affair:泛指 事务，事情，事件”，affairs: 表重大 事务或事态” ;even

17、t:指有重大意义的历史事件 ;bus in ess: 生意,公事 on/in bus in ess, go into bus in ess; matter问题Busin ess before pleasure. There are several matters to be dealt with at the meeti ng.affect :vt. 影 响 effevt n. have an effect on- - =affect 对 有影 响.haveno/much/great/little effect on/upon 对什么没有/有很大/重大/很小，几乎没有影响.effective

18、adj. 有效的afford: 负担起( 的费用)可接名词，代词或to do ,常与can. could, be able to连用于否定句或问句中.his poor family can t afford his education. I can t afford to buy a carat prese nt.2抽得出时间 =spare 但 spare 可 spare sb. + 时间 He can t afford time for the cinema. I can spare you two hours. 我能为你抽出两个小时 .提供affordsb. sth. = offer sb

19、. sth. /offer sth. to sb. =supply sth to/for sb./supplysb. With sth.=provide sb. With sth./provide sth for/to sb. Failure afford us experie nee.afraid: be afraid to do 害怕做 ,be afraid of (doing) sth. 担心做 be afraid+句子,be afraid not/so 恐怕不行/恐怕如此(对句子的省略回答).1 don t want to be a waitress because I m afrai

20、d dishes frequently. A. onbreak ing B. to break (A)after: 表过去一段时间以后或将来某个时刻以后 ，反义词是before指从过去算起时间以前或将来某个时刻以前；而 指将来一段时间以后，反义词是ago指从现在算起一段里头以前.after all毕竟，终究，above all首先，最重要的是(作 入语),指重要性；first of all首先,最重要的是,指顺序或重要性，in all = intotal= altogether 总共,atall根本.we can t blame him forwhathe did; he is a child

21、.A.at all B. inall C. after allD.above all (C)agree:agree to sth. 同 意,成(plan/arrangement/suggestion/ agreewothsb.( 或 decision, view, opinion, 或某人的话 )同意, 成; 与 一致 ,适合(天气,食物等)he moved to biijing because he the weather here. (A)A. didn t agree with B. wasn t suitable for C. wasn t fit forD. didn t agree

22、 to agree to do sth. 同意, 成做 agree on sth.在 取得一致 agree+ 句子,同意 反义词 :disagree, 名词:agreement:契约 ,协议 reach/come to/ arrive at/make an agreement with on sth.与就达成协议aid: do/ give/ offer first aid to sb =do/give/ offer sb. first aid 对某人进行急救 ;go援救某人aim: n./v. 目标,目的，瞄准 take aim at =aim at瞄准 目的在于 aim sth at sth

23、用什么瞄准什么东西 ,aim your gun at ., 用枪瞄准 aimat 旨在;aimto do sth 目的在于做 china has long bee n a leader in the field ofgen etic research at imporovi ng agriculture. A. aimed B.aimi ng C. to aim (A)he has aimed at entering a key university.air :in the air在空中，在流传， 悬而未决；on the air在广播中；by air乘飞机等(=byplane)l in the

24、 open air 在野夕卜 vt. 使通风,晾干 air your clothesall: all, both, each, every, everybody, everyth ing, complete, completely, always,whole, wholly, entirely, altogether 等是总括含义代词形容词和副词等 ，与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示 “不都，并非都”.而全否定要用 no, none,n ever, n obody, nothing, n either, no one, no where, no more, no long, no way

25、 等,表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语一起使用构成 “全部否定”.allow : allow doing 允许做. allow sb. to do .允许某人做Students aren t allowed in school. A. to smoke B. smoking (A)3allow for 考虑到，体谅，顾及。It takes about an hour to get there, allow ing for possible traffic delays.4allow of 容许，容得 the meeting allows of no delay.5allow sb. sth. 同意

26、给某人 .alive: loving, lovely ,lovely, alive, live 的区另U :alive adj. “活着的”，作后置定语，表语，补足语等，不作前置定语；kept sth olivelive: 作定语，“活的，有生命的，活生生的，生机勃勃的，燃着的，实况转播的”，还可作动词，a live fish, live coal 燃着的煤，a live football match 一场直播的足球；a live you ng man 个生机勃勃的年轻人 ；living adj. “有生命的，活着的”，作前置定语或表语(还可作名词 make a living),修饰人或物，l

27、iving beings/things 生物；lively: “生动的，活跃的，充满生气的” a lively and interesting class；lovely adj. 可爱的 a lovely girl.While a pers on is asleep, a part of his brain is still .A. active B. alive C. awake D. aware (A)Lan guage is a and con ti nually cha nging thing.A. live B. alive C. lively D. livi ng (D)almos

28、t: “几乎” =nearly,但 almost 不能位于 very 后;nearly 不能禾口 any, no, none, never,nothing 等连用,not nearly “决不,远非” =far from； almost not “几乎不”I am far from with what he said. (A)A. satisfied B. satisfy ing C. being satisfiedalone:adj. “单独的”，作表语或补足语，表客观事实；Ionely: “孤独的，荒凉的，偏僻的”，可带感情色彩.2adv.单独地,独自 alone=on one s own

29、= by on eself 单独地,leave sb. alone 另 U打扰某人，把某人单独下The old man lives alone in a Ion ely house, but he does n t feel I on ely becausehe can make a livi ng alon aloud:出声（侧重，由无声到有声）loud 大声地（侧重声音由低到高）.Please speak loud. I can t hear you clearly.although: conj. 虽然=though,不与 but, so, and 连用，可与 yet, still 连用.

30、Although:常位于句首，不用倒装；though:位于句中或句首，可倒可不倒装；as 常 位于句首，要倒装（即副词，形容词，省冠词的名词，动词原形提前）,它们都接句子； in spite of=despite 是介词短语，接名词或动名词. gett ing high marks in the exam in ati ons, he is still work ing hard.A. In spite of B. Although C. Though D. In case ofamaze: vt.使 感到非常吃惊 .amaze sb. be amazed at sth 对 感到吃惊.3be

31、amazed to do sth I was amazed+ 句子.amaz ing 表示令人惊奇的事物;amazed 表示人感到惊奇.among:在 之间(多者);between: 在 之间(两者);between A and Banother: 泛指多者中另夕卜 一个或几个” three more boys=another three boys; the other两者中另外 一个” onethe other 一个 另一个；the others=the other+可复：另外一些”，指全部;others=other+ 可复：另外一些”，指部分I n eed stude nts to help me carry the books besides Tom and Peter.to 的答案anxious: adj. 渴望的,忧虑的(anxie