1、外刊经贸知识选读复习自考外刊经贸知识选读复习(自考)外刊经贸知识选读第一章一、术语1.制成品manufacturedgoods2.资本货物capitalgoods3.国际收支balanceofpayments4.经常项目currentaccount 5.有形贸易项目visibletradeaccount6.无形贸易项目invisibletradeaccount7.贸易顺差tradesurplus 8.贸易逆差tradedeficit 9.易货贸易barter 10.补偿贸易compensationtrade 11.反向贸易counter-trade 12.组装生产assemblymanufac
2、turing13.工商统一税industrialandcommercialconsolidatedtax14.合资企业jointventure 15.16.dDevelopment)17.国际清算银行BIS(BankforInternationalSettlement)18.欧洲经济共同体EEC(EuropeanEconomicCommunity)19.欧洲联盟EU(EuropeanUnion)20.外商直接投资FDI(ForeignDirectInvestment)21.ThespecialEconomicZone经济特区22.awell-placedsource一位高层消息灵通人士23.i
3、nfrastructure 基础设施24.capitalstock实际资本25.consumergoods消费品26.preferentialtaxrate优惠税率27.cooperativeenterprise合作(经营)企业28.ETDZ(Economic&TechnicalDevelopmentZone)经济技术开发区29.entrepreneurship企业家精神30.meansofproduction生产资料31.stock-taking评估32.Allocationofresources资源配置33.macro regulationandcontrol宏观调控34.fiscalpo
4、licies财政政策35.15.tightmonetarypolicy紧缩的货币政策36.16.workingcapital运营资本37.17.basicpolicy基本国策38.18.technicaltransformation技术革新39.二、词语释义:substantially:dramatically,significantly,considerably 显著地,相当大地subsequently :afterwards 随后,后来exacerbate :deteriorate,worsen;aggravate ;makeworse 恶化withdraw:cancellation 撤回
5、,撤销theme :principle 主题,原则inreturnfor:inexchangefordisrupt:interrupt 中断,打断destined :designed 注定的,目的是,有计划的pronounced:marked宣布,宣称inthewakeof:following;afterwith 在之后undue :toomuch;unbearable 过度的,过分的reverse :changetotheopposite反转,颠倒,反向,相反buoyant:brisk 活跃的outcome:result结果boost :stimulate;promote;develop促进
6、,提高,刺激recover:rebound 恢复facilitate :makeeasy促进;使容易;帮助;使便利run-down:reduction减少,降低mountexhibitions:holdexhibitions举办展览insofaras:totheextent在范围内bottlenecks:obstacles 障碍三、句子翻译1.Duringthe1950sChinaexportedagriculturalproductstotheUSSRandEastEuropeancountriesinreturnformanufacturedgoodsandthecapitalequipm
7、entrequiredforthecountrysindustrializationprogrammewhichplacedemphasisonthedevelopmentofheavyindustry.20世纪50年代,中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备,而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。2.ThegrowthofforeigntradewasdistruptedagainduringtheCulturalRevolutionwhenagriculturalandindustrialproductionfellsharplyandtranspo
8、rtationconstraintsbecamemoreserious.在文化大革命期间,外贸的增长又一次被打断了。当时农业和工业生产急剧下降,运输管制变的更严重。3.ExportsgrewmuchfasterthanimportsduringthisperiodnotonlybecauseofthestrongemphasisplacedonexportingbyChinaseconomicplanners,butalsobecauseanumberofindustrialprojectswerepostponedin1979.Officialrecognitionthatforeignte
9、chnologycouldplayamajorroleinmodernizingtheChineseeconomyhascausedimportstorisebymorethan50percentin1978,placingunduestrainonthenationaleconomy.在这个时期,出口增长要快于进口增长不仅是由于中国经济计划者着重强调出口,也是因为大多工业项目在1979年被推迟了。官方承认外国技术能够在中国经济的现代化化中起重大作用,这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上,从而给国民经济带来了重压。4.Chineseofficialstresstheimportance
10、ofintroducingadvancedtechnologytodomesticindustry,buttheneedisfortechnology ofvaryingdegreesofsophistication,notnecessarilyforadvancedtechnologyasthattermisunderstoodintheWest.中国官员强调为国内工业引进先进技术的重要性,但是需要的是各种程度不同的精尖技术,而不是像西方国家理解的先进技术。5.Therearenoofficialstatisticscoveringtheinvisibleaccountofthebalanc
11、eofpaymens,butthesizeofthevisibletradesurplusduring1981-1983andapronouncedincreaseinearningsfromtourismsuggestthatthecurrentaccounthasbeeninsurplusoverthepastfewyears.没有官方的统计资料涉及无形贸易收支,但在1981-1983年期间的有形贸易顺差的大小和旅游赢利的显著增长表明了经常项目在过去几年里有盈余。6.Goodsareproducedaccordingtoasampleprovidedbythecustomer,whiles
12、trongencouragementisgiventocompensationtradewherebyaforeignsellersuppliesrawmaterialsandequipmentandreceivesmanufacturedgoods,producedby theequipmentprovided,inreturn.Compensationtradediffersfrombarterorcounter-tradeinsofarasthereisadirectlinkbetweentheequipmentsuppliedfromabroadandthemanufacturedpr
13、oduct.Assemblymanufacturingbeganin1978andparticularformsofforeigntradeareeligibleforexemptionfromcustomsdutiesandtaxation.根据顾客提供的样品来生产产品,同时强烈鼓励补偿贸易。由此国外的供应商提供原材料和设备并收到由其提供的设备生产出来的制成品作为回报。补偿贸易在某种程度上不同于易货贸易和反向贸易,在国外提供的设备和制成品中有直接的联系。来件组装始于1978年,特殊的对外贸易形式有资格免除关税和其他税收。7.Thedebtproblemsconfrontinganumbero
14、fdevelopingcountrieshavereinforcedChinasdeterminationtointroduceforeigntechnologybymeansofdirectinvestmentandconcessionaryfinanceratherthanbyraisingsubstantialsumsofmoneyontheinternationalcapitalmarkets.Theauthoritiesdonotconsideritappropriatetoincurlargeamountsofexternaldebtuntilanumberofpracticalb
15、ottlenecksintheeconomy,suchasaninadequatetransportnetworkandenergyconstraints,havebeentackled.许多发展中国家面对的债务问题使中国在引进外国技术时下了这样的决心:采用直接投资和优惠付款方式融资,而不是在国际资本市场筹集大额的资金。在经济中的许多实际瓶颈,如运输网络的不足和能源缺乏被克服以前,官方认为招来大笔外债的做法是不妥当的。第二章一、术语:1.二、词语释义:1.inpiecemeal pi:smi:lform:piecebypiece;gradually grduli逐渐的2.showpiece p
16、i:s:aprimeoroutstandingexample典范3.pipedream:fantasy;daydream;dreamthatcannotberealized白日梦4.fromscratch:fromtheverybeginning 从零开始,从最初开始5.grassroots:basiclevel基层6.thedustsettles:theconfusionknfju:n ends尘埃落定7.inthedriversseat:inthedominantdmnnt position三、句子翻译:1.AclearlyconfidentChinahasrolledupalargese
17、ctionofitsbamboocurtain,declareditself“opentotheoutsideworld”andhungsignsonnearlyallitscitiesinvitingforeigninvestorstocomeanddoseriousbusiness.明显地,满怀信心的中国卷起了大部分的竹幕,并宣布向外部世界开放,打出邀请外国投资者来它所有的城市投资项目的招牌。2.Theliterally,thisdoesnotmakemoresenseasthepartsofthecoastwhichhavenotbeen“opened”aresimplynotready
18、forthedemandsofforeignbusinessman.从字面上来理解,这没有太大的意义,由于部分沿海城市还没有为外商的需求做好准备。3.IntheSEZs,whicharebeingbuiltalmostfromscratch,foreignerscaninvestinanythingwhichthestatedeemsusefulforthecountry,beit,forexample,productionofgoodsforexportorconstructionofprivate-housingestates.在一切几乎从零开始的经济特区,只要中国政府认为对国家有益,外国
19、人可对任何项目进行投资,例如出口货物的生产或私人住宅的房地产开发。4.So,whilecomprehensiveframeworkforthecountry“smodernizationhasbeenprovidedbythecentralcommittee”s21October1984decisiontoreformtheeconomicstructure,itwillbesometimebeforethedustsettlesandlocalauthoritiesandforeigninvestorscandealwithoneanotherinasystematicway.因此,虽然中央
20、委员会1984年10月21日的改革经济结构的决定为该国的现代化提供了一个综合的框架,但要等尘埃落定、要等地方政府与外国投资者能有条不紊的打交道却还需要一段时间。5.Stock-takingoftheopenpolicywillcomelaterthisyearwhentheNationalPeoplesCongressdiscussestheseventhfive-yearplan,whichwillruntotheendofthedecade.评估开放政策将在这年迟一些到来,在全国人民代表大会讨论第七个五年计划,到10年末将进行。第三章一、术语:1.economicheavyweight举足
21、轻重的经济强国mercialhub商业活动中心3.Percapita人均4.GrossNationalProduct国民生产总值5.punitiveimporttariff惩罚性进口关税6.securities有价证券7.realestatemarket房地产市场8.“GreaterChina”tradebloc“大中华”贸易集团9.conglomerate跨行业公司10.consortium国际财团11.GATT:GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade关贸总协定二、词语释义:1.jockey dki:move驾驶,驾驭,操作2.isbustling bslwith
22、:isfilledwith3.giddy gdi:dizzy dzi;euphoricju:frk 轻浮的,眩晕的,欣快的4.farfetched :improbable ;incredible 牵强的,不可能的,不可思议的5.clear:earnanetprofit6.dealahardblow to:strikeheavily7.rung :level 梯级,地位8.retaliation :returnofilltreatmentforilltreatment;revenge ;reprisalrprazl 报复9.careeroutofcontrol:runoutofcontrol三、
23、句子翻译:1.Afarfetchedprediction?ThenewAmericanadministrationdoesntthink so. BillClintonhasappointedChinahandstotopAsiapostsatthestateandTreasurydepartments.WhencriticscalledtheappointmentsaslighttoJapan,theleadingPacificeconomicpower,U.S.DeputyTreasurySecretaryRogerAltmanexplainedtheadministrationsreas
24、oning:byearlyinthenextcentury,hesaid,ChinamayreplaceJapaninimportancetotheU.S.asaneconomicpartner.JapanrecognizestheriseofChina.Asawarningshotinanintensifyingrivalry,TokyolastweekputpunitiveimporttariffsonChinesesteel.一个牵强的预测吗?新美国行政机构不这样俯为,克林顿已被委任中国国务院和财政部在亚洲的要职,评论家称这个委任冷落了日本。最大的太平经济力量,美国的代表-财政部长罗格奥
25、得曼解释行政机构的理由:他说:“在下个世纪初,中国可以会取代日本作为美国经济伙伴的重要地位。”日本承认中国的崛起,上周日本作为在日益激烈竞争中的一次鸣枪警示给中国的钢以惩罚性的进口关税。2.WiththeU.S.CongressduetoconsidertherenewalofChinasmost-favorednationtradestatusinJune,officialsinBeijingfearthetradeimbalancecouldsurpasshumanrightsasasourceofU.S.oppositiontopreferredstatusforChina.Thetra
26、desurplusitselfwillbetheNO.1problemthisyear.SaysoneChineseofficial.AfterJapan,wellbefirstinlineforrelation.美国议会由于考虑在六月延长中国最惠国待遇,北京的官员担心贸易不平衡可能超越人权问题而作为反对优惠待遇的借口。中国的一位官员说:“贸易顺差将会成为今年首要问题。”继日本之后,我们会成为第一个被报复的国家。3.However,evenasthepartypromotesgrowthasanationalpriority,itworriesaboutgoingtoofar.Inflatio
27、nhasrecentlyclimbedbackintodoubledigits,andthepartypressisissuingstridentwarnings,urgingrestraintonbuyersandsellersalike.RapiddevelopmentisoverwhelmingChinasantiquetransportnetworks.然而,正当党把促进增长作为一个国家优先的问题时,它又担心增长的太快。通货膨胀已在近期又回到了两位数,党政刊物发出刺耳的警告,力劝买卖方都要克制。第四章 一、术语: 1.centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济 2
28、.market economy 市场经济 3.disinflationary (anti-inflationary) policies 反通货膨胀政策 4.deflation 通货紧缩 5.short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元利率 modity market 商品市场 7.nominal (dollar) terms 名义(美元)价 8.constant (dollar) terms 不变(美元)价9.business cycle 商业周期 10.weighted average 加权平均数 11.hard currencies 硬通货 12.fiscal adjustment 财政调整 13.portfolio investment 有价证券投资 14.market diversification 市场多元化
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