英语语法精讲精练第2讲 现在完成时.docx

1、英语语法精讲精练第2讲 现在完成时第2讲：现在完成时现在完成时的定义： 现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；而与一般过去时相比，一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较:The plane has arrived. 飞机已经来了.(说明现在的情况,飞机在这儿.)The plane arrived an hour ago. 飞机是在一小时前抵达的(强调动作发生的时间.)现在完成时的结构：肯定句:主语have/has过去分词（done）Lily has returned from America.变否定句在have/has后面加not主语have/hasnot+过去分词（done）Lily

2、 has not returned from America.变一般疑问句将have/has移到句首主语have/hasnot+过去分词（done）Has Lily returned from America?肯定回答及否定回答：Yes，she has./ No， she hasnt.变特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句特殊疑问词（how/what/why/when/where）have/has主语过去分词(done) Where has Lily returned from? 现在完成时的用法：在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already，just，ever，y

3、et，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。如： I have already finished my homework我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They havent started yet他们还没有动身。 We have never heard of it我们从来没有听说过这件事。（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就

4、是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) （2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”

5、等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrivebe here begin(start)be on die be dead come backbe back leave be away fall ill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep) get upbe up go out be out finish be over put on wear 或be on open be open join be in或 be a member of close be closed go to schoolbe a student borrow k

6、eep buy have catch(a cold) have(a cold) get to know know begin to studystudy come to workwork等如： He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。 We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。 注：瞬间

7、动词（即一个动作在瞬间便可完成，如buy, die, join, lose）不能直接与for， since 连用。要改变动词 1have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4用have a cold代替catch a c

8、old Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5用wear代替put on have put on have worn 6用“be形容词” 代替瞬间动词 beasleep代fall (get) asleep have come/gone back/returned have been back have come/gone out have been out have closed / opened have been close/open have got up have been up； have/has gone to ha

9、ve been in have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the armyhave been a member of/ have been in/have been the Partys member/the league member/the soldier(3) have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法 1. have(has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如： Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai fo

10、r three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。 2. have(has) been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用。如： Ive just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。 Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。 3. have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。如： Ive been to Beiji

11、ng three times. 我去过北京三次。 They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。 4. have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如： Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？ He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。 现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如： Have you read that story？你读过那个故事吗？（“读”这一动

12、作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。） I have bought two apples 我买了两个苹果。 （“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。） 动词过去式,过去分词不规则变化 cut（割） cut cut let（让） let let put（放） put put read （读） read read become（变成） became become come（来） came come run（跑） ran run get（得到） got got hold（抓住,举办） held held sit（坐） sat sat win （赢） won w

13、on meet（遇见） met met keep （保持） kept kept sleep（睡） slept slept feel（感觉） felt felt smell（闻） smelt smelt leave（离开） left left lend（借出） lent lent spend（花费） spent spent lose （丢失） lost lost learn（学习） learnt learnt catch（抓住） caught caught teach（教） taught taught bring（带来） brought brought buy（买） bought bought

14、think（想） thought thought hear （听见） heard heard sell（卖） sold sold tell（告诉） told told say（说） said said find（找到） found found have/has（有） had had make（制造） made made stand（站） stood stood understand明白understood understood begin（开始） began begun drink（喝） drank drunk sing （唱） sang sung swim（游泳） swam swum blo

15、w（吹） blew blown draw （画） drew drawn fly（飞） flew flown grow（生长） grew grownknow（知道） knew known throw（投掷） threw thrown show（出示） showed shown break（打破） broke brokenchoose（选择） chose chosen forget（忘记） forgot forgotten (forgot) eat（吃） ate eaten fall（落下） fell fallen give（给） gave given take（取） took taken rid

16、e（骑） rode ridden write（写） wrote written do（做） did done go（去） went gone see（看见） saw seen wear （穿） wore worn be ( am, is, are )（是）was, were been现在完成时练习题及答案一、翻译下列句子：你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ 2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 4. 他已经吃过午饭 5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 6. 我哥哥还没回来。7.这本字典我已买了三年了。 8.他离开中国三年了。 9.我认识他们五年了。 10.他们已去了美国五年了。 11

17、.自从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。 12.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。 13.自从2019年以来他们就认识。14.我来到这个学校已3年多了。二、用since和for填空1._two years 2._two years ago3._last month 4._ 20195._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock7 4 hours 8._an hour ago_we were children 10._ lunch time11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known

18、him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。 arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp be in sp / at school / at home /

19、 on the farm / be here / be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for .2) I moved to the USA in 2019. I the USA since .3) I went home yesterday. I home for .4) They came here last week. They _ here since _. come to / go back to / return to be back to go out be out1) He came out two y

20、ears ago.He _ for _.2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We _ _ to Beijing since _. become be1) I became a teacher in 2019. I _ a teacher for _.2) The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ for _.2) The door

21、opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours. get up be up； die be dead； leave sp. be away from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleep be asleep； finish / end be over；marry be married；1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _since _.2) He left Shanghai just now.He _ _ _ Shanghai for five minutes.3) My

22、grandpa died in 2019.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _. start / begin to do sth. do sth. ；begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 2019. I _ _ at

23、 this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep； lose not have ；buy have ；put on wearcatch / get a cold have a cold； get to know know1) They borrowed it last week. They _it since _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _a pen for _.3) I got to know him last y

24、ear. I _ him since _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _ my glasses for _.have / has gone to have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He _ Beijing for two days. join the league / the Party / the army be a league member /a Party member / a soldier be a member of the league / the Party be in the lea

25、gue / the Party / the army1) He joined the league in 2019.He _ a _ for two years.He _ a _ the _ for two years.He _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _a _ for _ _.My brother _ in _ for two years.四、划线提问1) I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _ ?2) My

26、 father has lived here since 2019._ _ _ your father _ _?3) He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4) They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book五、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he co

27、me back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once.六、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country.2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How long _ they _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I _ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9) When_ he _? He _ an hour