中考英语常见题型及解题技巧5.docx

1、中考英语常见题型及解题技巧5完形填空完型填空就是给考生一篇语句连贯的短文，命题人有目的地在每隔一定数量的词语后挖去一处词语，形成总共10处或者15处词语空缺，然后在相应的空缺处设置包括二到三个干扰答案在内的三个或四个备选答案，需要考生从这些选项中选出一个最佳的答案。从完型填空的命题形式来看，待填充的10个填空不是孤立存在的，而是处在一整篇文章的大背景之中的。从这个角度，完型文章实际上是由未知信息(即10处填空)和已知信息(即10处填空之外的那些可以阅读到的信息)组成的。虽然未知信息是考生看不到的，但是未知信息与已知信息之间有着各种各样、千丝万缕的关系，命题者之所以将10个未知信息设置在大量的已

2、知信息之中，就是要求考生在对这些已知信息进行充分把握和理解的基础上，通过已知信息去破解未知信息。完形填空题，考查的目的是在篇章中考查考生掌握基础知识、辨析词汇的能力。完形填空对考查归纳理解、综合思维等能力都是非常好的，有利于开发智力，把不完整的文章，通过自己的分析，变成完整的文章，这是对学生想像思维的训练。所以考生首先要正确对待这道题，解除心理障碍。在做这类题的时候，希望考生一定要牢记四个步骤，反复训练，使自己在短时间内有一个比较好的成绩。第一步就是通读全文，领会大意 ，第二步就是紧扣内容，分析对比备选答案，第三步就是瞻前顾后，全文贯通 ，第四步就是复查核对，决定取舍。1. 通读全文，领会大意

3、完形填空题不同于单项选择填空题。单项填空题所给的是一个或两个句子，根据本句或前后句就可以判定所选的答案。而完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文，所选的答案处在整段或整篇文章之中。所以在做题前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是绝不可省的一步。每篇短文总有一定的主题思想，段落之间必然承上启下，前呼后应，句与句之间 也一定紧密相连，形成一个整体。因此通读全文是要一气呵成，不要中断思路，只要能了解短文的大意就可。某些细节不理解可以跳过。如果不影响答题，可以置之不理。切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句推敲上。如果与答题有关，可到第二步填空时再琢磨解决。另外，在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾，因为

4、它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心议题。完形填空实际上是一种障碍性阅读理解题。因此，在解题之前，先要把文章通读一遍，弄清文章的体裁，文章体裁通常分为四种：论述文、记叙文、说明文和应用文。中考选文以叙事性文章为主，如：幽默故事、科普知识、童话、简短新闻、名人轶事、社会热点问题等。读这类文章，要大体上了解故事所涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件及前因后果，对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。然后对留空的句子进行分析，看他在该句所处的位置和作用，再从所给的选项中找出要填写什么词。2. 紧扣内容，分析对比备选答案完形填空所用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段文章的

5、首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以语句为立足点，从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。分析时应注意以下几点：(1) 当遇到一个需要填的词时，首先要考虑这个词在句子中的成分是什么？词性是什么？(2) 如果需要填的是名词，就要考虑名词的单复数和所有格形式。(3) 如果需要填的是形容词或副词，就应考虑是用原级或是比较级，还是最高级。(4) 如果需要填的是动词，则要考虑动词的时态，语态，人称变化，语气以及非谓语动词（不定式和动词-ing形式）的一般式，被动式和完成式等。(5) 如果需要填空的是介词，则要注意固定搭配的用法。(6) 如

6、果需要填的是冠词，则要注意是用不定冠词还是用定冠词。(7) 另外要注意一些固定句型。3. 瞻前顾后，全文贯通短文中每个空白处的正确答案和气上下文在意思上和结构上都有这样或那样的必然联系。一般说来，所选答案只有和上下文和结构上都吻合的时候，才是正确答案。因此，必须注意上下的参照，连贯思考。如果答案一时确定不下来，切记不要耽误太久，可暂放一边，待其他答案选好之后，再回过头来仔细推敲。试题所提供的短文可以说是一个整体，空白处所需要选的答案只是整体中的一部分。有时候，所选答案从局部看是可行的，但从整体看，不见的是最佳的答案。这时就要局部服从整体，从短文的整体内容出发，重新选择答案。对于那些拿不定主意或

7、未能选答的空白，不要仅局限在与上下文的对照上，要把视野扩大到全文。有时一旦和整篇短文联系起来，就可豁然开朗，很容易选出正确答案。4. 复查核对，决定取舍全部题目作完以后，要仔细考查核对。填完空白后，重读全文，这也是解题过程中至关重要的一环。此时考生对文章已经有了一个相对完整的了解，对文章的理解也就更进了一步，也就摸清了文章内在发展的逻辑关系。而如果在此时再读一遍文章，就有可能会发现一些其他原来没有注意到的问题，也就能够根据对语篇的理解及内在的联系，反复推敲，比较异同，从而选择一个更符合文章意义的答案，其方法是:把短文连同所选答案细读一遍，凡读起来别扭或答案无确切把握的地方分别记下来，然后将每个

8、空白处与其相对应的四个答案逐一对照，务求一一过关，避免遗漏。若发现原所选答案与复查时所选答案不同，不要急于涂改，待认真斟酌核实后，再决定取舍。另外，在平时的练习中，对每一篇完形填空均可重复作上几遍，通过反复的练习，不但可以牢固地掌握所学基础知识，而且能够提高完形填空的应试能力。例1【2011安徽】完形填空(共20小题；每小题15分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。Mr. Black loved his daughter Helen very much. Every day he spent all of his free time 51 wit

9、h her. One night, he had much work to do, 52 couldnt play with his daughter. In order to keep her 53 , he found a map of the world in a magazine and cut it into pieces. When he 54 ,Helen came running to him and was ready to play. Mr. Black said he had 55 time to play fight now. He told the girl to p

10、ut the pieces of paper back together to a map of the world, and then they could both play. About half an hour later, Helen came to her father and said, Okay, its finished. Can we play now? Mr. Black was surprised saying, Thats 56 Lets go and see. And sure enough, there was the picture of the world;

11、all put together, every 57 in its place. Mr. Black said, Thats surprising! 58 did you do that? Helen said, It was 59 . On the back of the page was a picture of a 60 .When I put the man together, the whole world fell into place. 51. A. working B. running C. playing D. walking52. A. or B. and C. but D

12、. then53. A. sleepy B. warm C. free D. busy54. A. left home B. got home C. let the office D. got to the office55. A. no B. enough C. much D. some56. A. right B. wrong C. possible D. impossible57. A. map B. picture C. piece D. page58. A. How B. Why C. When D. Where59. A. hard B. simple C. difficult D

13、. different60. A. boy B. girl C. man D. woman【主旨大意】本文讲的是一位疼爱女儿的爸爸，经常和女儿玩耍。有一天，很忙的他为了让女儿能自己玩，把撕碎的世界地图让女儿拼起来，女儿很快弄完。原来女儿看的是反面的人形。51.C 由下句couldnt play with提示，平时他喜欢和女儿“玩耍”。.52. B or“否则”，表示条件；and “和”表示并列；并且”；but “但是”表示转折； then“然后”，表示承接 ；此处表示两个并列的动作had和couldnt , 要用B。53. D 父亲没有时间和女儿玩耍，所以目的是让女儿也忙起来。故选D。54.

14、B 女儿跑来找他玩，提示我们应该是在家里。由此推测是刚到家。故选B。55. A 此处表达的是“没有时间玩”，故用no。其它几个词则表示能有时间玩。56. D 由surprise “惊讶”提示，父亲觉得这么快完成是不可思议的。故选D。57. C 由前文put the pieces of paper back提示，应该是把piece “碎片”放好了。58. A 此处表示询问方式“你怎么做到的”。故选A。59. B hard “难的”；simple“简单的”；difficult“困难的”；different “不同的”.由女儿的介绍可知，很简单。故选B。60. C 由下句the man提示，这应该是

15、一张男人图片。故选C。例二 Three small fish lived in the sea. When they were very young, their parents died. They had to 61 each other day after day. Finally, they grew up and 62 to swim deeper and further. One morning. the three fish were 63 to a shallow (浅) water by a big wave (浪). A small boat was taken there

16、. too. It was hard for the fish to go back to the sea because the boat was fight in front of them. The largest fish realized that they were 64 and said they had to find a way to leave there as fast as possible. The second largest fish 65 with his elder brother, but the youngest one did not. He said

17、that there was much 66 for their activities, so he would not worry at all and still swam around 67.At last, the largest fish returned to the 68 by jumping over the lowest part of the boat. The second largest fish also succeeded in 69 his eider brother in the other side of water. But the youngest one

18、 didnt follow them and still swam joyfully. Two hours later, when the 70 rose up, the water in the small shallow corner dried up. The fish who did not try to return to the sea died of lack(缺乏)of water.61. A. listen to B. look after C. talk with D. worry about62. A. dared B. hated C. refused D. stopp

19、ed63. A. allowed B. given C. invited D. taken64. A. in safety B. in doubt C. in danger D. in peace65. A. agreed B. talked C. compared D. discussed66. A. time B. food C. water D. air67. A. slowly B. sadly C. luckily D. happily68. A. sea B. river C. lake D. pond 69. A. catching B. joining C. taking D.

20、 telling70. A. storm B. stars C. moon D. sun【主旨大意】本文讲了三条小鱼相依为命的长大，有一天，被带到了浅水处。最大的鱼意识到危险，便跳回深水。第二条也随之回去。只有最小的鱼不以为然，最后死于缺水。提示人们要意识到潜在的危险。61. B 由句意可知：三条小鱼的父母死后，它们不得不日复一日的相互照顾着。其中A意为“听”；B意为“照顾；照料”；C意为“交谈”；D意为“担心”。故选B。62. A 由句意可知：它们长大后不敢去更深更远的地方去游泳。故选A。63. D 由句意可知：一天早上三条小鱼被大浪头带到了浅水处。而且后一句中“A small boat w

21、as taken there, too”也可知应选D。64. C 由句意可知：因为那条船正好位于它们的前面，最大的这条鱼发现了它们正处于危险中，必须找到一条路尽快的离开。故选C。65. A 由句意可知：第二条大鱼同意它大哥的想法，但最小的鱼不同意。故选A，构成短语“agree with”。66. C 由句意可知：最小的鱼认为这儿有供它们活动的许多水。故选C。67. D 由句意可知：它(最小的鱼)不愿离开这儿，觉得在这儿仍旧能快乐地四处游动。故选D。68. A 由句意可知：最大的鱼回到海里。故选A。69. B join sb in意为“和某人一起加入某种活动中”，故选B。70. D 由句意可知：

22、两小时后，当太阳升起来后，浅水区的水被晒干。故选D。【2011浙江湖州】三、完形填空（本题有15小题，每小题1分，共15分）【实战练习】（1）阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。Alicia was a young woman who liked to exercise for her health. In fact, she walked five kilometers before 26 every morning, and went swimming once a week at the swimming pool. She didnt s

23、moke and never 27 . She didnt eat chocolate. She didnt eat sweet and fatty food, 28 . She weighted herself every day.One day Alicia was on her daily walk when she saw a 29 sitting in a rocking chair under a tree. He looked very old and his hair was white. He looked thin and weak, and his hands were

24、shaking, 30 he looked very happy.He smiled at her and said, “Good morning! Lovely day, isnt it?” He had a wide smile 31 his face, and his eyes shone with happiness. But Alicia saw that he did not have teeth.“Good morning!” replied Alicia. “Yes, it is a lovely day.”Alicia thought he 32 very old and w

25、ise. She thought he must be at least 90 years old! She decided to ask him about the 33 of a happy old age.“I hope you dont 34 me asking,” she said, “but what is your secret for being so happy at your age? I hope I can look as happy as you do 35 I am your age.”The man in the rocking chair said, “My s

26、ecret for 36 ? I smoke twenty packets of cigarettes every week, and drink three bottles of wine every day. I eat hamburgers and chocolates whenever I want. I never eat vegetables. I never walk anywhere and I never play sports. I sit at home every day.”Alicia was 37 . She didnt expect the man to give

27、 her an answer like that. She wondered how the man got to be so old when he did 38 wrong. She thought he should be 39 and unhappy. Perhaps she was wrong. Maybe, she thought, people could live a long happy life 40 eating well or doing lots of exercise.“How old are you?” she asked.“Its my birthday tod

28、ay,” said the man. “Im forty-seven!”26. A. lunch B. breakfast C. dinner D. supper27. A. exercised B. drank C. worked D. slept28. A. too B. also C. either D. still29. A. man B. woman C. boy D. girl30. A. so B. but C. and D. or31. A. in B. with C. at D. on32. A. saw B. looked C. listened D. found33. A

29、. secret B. dream C. plan D. future34. A. stand B. mind C. allow D. enjoy35. A. when B. since C. though D. for36. A. health B. success C. happiness D. life37. A. surprised B. worried C. excited D. relaxed38. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing39. A. angry B. serious C. quiet D. sick40.

30、 A. through B. from C. without D. by【主旨大意】本文讲述一个注重饮食健康、也爱好晨炼的女孩见到一个“老人”，年龄虽大，看起来却很快乐的。通过交谈得知，这位不注重饮食和锻炼的“老人”却只有47岁。26 B 【解析】由时间状语“every morning”及常识可知，她是在每天早饭前进行散步五公里。27. B 【解析】第一段中介绍Alicia健康的生活方式和饮食习惯，所以这一句的意思是“她不吸烟也不喝酒”。28. C 【解析】either用于否定句句末;too用于肯定句句末;also用于肯定句句中。故选C。29. A 【解析】从下文的描述可知，he is a m

31、an。30. B 【解析】由上文：他看起来又瘦又弱，并且手一直在晃动，与后文的“happy”形成转折关系。31.D 【解析】on ones face在某人的脸上，是固定词组。32. B 【解析】选B。look系动词，看起来，old and wise 做系动词look的表语。句意“他看起来年纪很大而且很博学。33. A【解析】从下文“but what is your secret for being so happy at your age?” 可以判断用secret。34. B【解析】句意：我希望你不要介意我的提问。mind sb.doing sth.介意某人做某事。stand意为“忍受、站立

32、”， allow 意为“允许”，enjoy意为“享受”，这三项都不符合句意。35. A 【解析】句意：我希望当我在你这个年龄时。when 当时候，引导时间状语从句；since后面一般跟“过去时间”；“for+时间段”往往用于完成时； though引导让步状语从句。36. C 【解析】根据上一段第二句话“whats your secret for being so happy at your age?”可以看出是“快乐的秘密”。happy的名词形式为happiness.故选C。37. A 【解析】由下文两句话可知，对于“老人”的回答，她很惊奇。38. C【解析】词义辨析。根据倒数第四段中这位老人说的话，可以知道Ali